CVE-2025-58446
Description
A vulnerability was found in the xgrammar library, version 0.1.23, where the flaw is an algorithmic complexity vulnerability located in the grammar optimizer, a new component introduced in this specific version. This vulnerability occurs because the optimizer is highly inefficient when processing exceptionally large grammars (e.g., those exceeding 100,000 characters), when the library receives such an input, the flawed optimization algorithm causes the parsing process to consume disproportionate CPU resources, effectively blocking the application for several minutes. An attacker can exploit this by sending a malicious grammar to any service that utilizes the vulnerable xgrammar library leads to the performance bottleneck and cause a Denial of Service (DoS).
Statement
This vulnerability is rated as a moderate severity because there is an algorithmic complexity vulnerability exists in the grammar optimizer component, where a remote, unauthenticated attacker can trigger this flaw with low complexity by submitting a specially crafted, large grammar (over 100,000 characters) for processing. This action leads to excessive CPU consumption and prolonged processing delays, causing a Denial of Service (DoS) and compromising system Availability.
Mitigation
Upgrade to xgrammar version 0.1.24 or later. The patched version directly addresses the root cause by optimizing the speed of the grammar optimizer and disabling certain slow optimization routines when processing very large grammars. This action prevents the excessive processing time that leads to the DoS condition.
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Score Details
Info alert:Important note
CVSS scores for open source components depend on vendor-specific factors (e.g. version or build chain). Therefore, Red Hat's score and impact rating can be different from NVD and other vendors. Red Hat remains the authoritative CVE Naming Authority (CNA) source for its products and services (see Red Hat classifications).
The following CVSS metrics and score provided are preliminary and subject to review.
CVSS v3 Score Breakdown
| Red Hat | NVD | cve.org | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Score | 7.5 | 7.5 | N/A |
| Attack Vector | Network | Network | N/A |
| Attack Complexity | Low | Low | N/A |
| Privileges Required | None | None | N/A |
| User Interaction | None | None | N/A |
| Scope | Unchanged | Unchanged | N/A |
| Confidentiality | None | None | N/A |
| Integrity Impact | None | None | N/A |
| Availability Impact | High | High | N/A |
Vector
Red Hat: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
NVD: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Understanding the Weakness (CWE)
Availability
Technical Impact: DoS: Resource Consumption (CPU); DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory); DoS: Resource Consumption (Other)
When allocating resources without limits, an attacker could prevent other systems, applications, or processes from accessing the same type of resource. It can be easy for an attacker to consume many resources by rapidly making many requests or causing larger resources to be used than is needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
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