CVE-2025-45691
Description
A flaw was found in Ragas. Improper validation of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs leads to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This vulnerability allows attackers to perform arbitrary file reads, conduct internal port scans and access cloud metadata.
Statement
To exploit this flaw, an attacker needs to supply malicious input to a Ragas evaluation pipeline, typically by poisoning a dataset or submitting payloads directly via an API. This issue allows arbitrary file reads, internal port scans and access to cloud metadata, but it does not cause memory corruption or arbitrary command execution. Due to these reasons, this vulnerability has been rated with an important severity.
Mitigation
To mitigate this vulnerability, implement strict input validation to filter out malicious payloads before passing the retrieved_contexts parameter to the Ragas evaluation pipeline. Specifically, enforce an allowlist that only accepts http:// or https:// URLs, explicitly rejecting the file:// scheme. Additionally, ensure the account running the Ragas process operates with principle of least privilege, restricting access to sensitive system files.
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Score Details
Info alert:Important note
CVSS scores for open source components depend on vendor-specific factors (e.g. version or build chain). Therefore, Red Hat's score and impact rating can be different from NVD and other vendors. Red Hat remains the authoritative CVE Naming Authority (CNA) source for its products and services (see Red Hat classifications).
The following CVSS metrics and score provided are preliminary and subject to review.
CVSS v3 Score Breakdown
| Red Hat | NVD | cve.org | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Score | 7.5 | N/A | 7.5 |
| Attack Vector | Network | N/A | Network |
| Attack Complexity | Low | N/A | Low |
| Privileges Required | None | N/A | None |
| User Interaction | None | N/A | None |
| Scope | Unchanged | N/A | Unchanged |
| Confidentiality | High | N/A | High |
| Integrity Impact | None | N/A | None |
| Availability Impact | None | N/A | None |
Vector
Red Hat: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
cve.org: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Understanding the Weakness (CWE)
Confidentiality
Technical Impact: Read Application Data
Integrity
Technical Impact: Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands
Access Control
Technical Impact: Bypass Protection Mechanism
By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests.
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