CVE-2022-0001
Description
A flaw was found in hw. The Branch History Injection (BHI) describes a specific form of intra-mode BTI. This flaw allows an unprivileged attacker to manipulate the branch history before transitioning to supervisor or VMX root mode. This issue is an effort to cause an indirect branch predictor to select a specific predictor entry for an indirect branch, and a disclosure gadget at the predicted target will transiently execute. This execution is possible since the relevant branch history may contain branches taken in previous security contexts, and in particular, in other predictor modes.
Statement
The current known mechanisms to exploit this issue rely on unprivileged eBPF functionality. Unprivileged eBPF is disabled by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Mitigation
Disabling unprivileged eBPF effectively mitigates the known attack vectors for exploiting intra-mode branch injections attacks.
The default Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel prevents unprivileged users from being able to use eBPF by the kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled sysctl.
For the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, the eBPF for unprivileged users is always disabled.
For the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 to confirm the current state, inspect the sysctl with the command:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled
The setting of 1 would mean that unprivileged users can not use eBPF, mitigating the flaw.
Continue to enable SMEP and Enhanced IBRS. This is the default setting on eligible CPUs.
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Score Details
Info alert:Important note
CVSS scores for open source components depend on vendor-specific factors (e.g. version or build chain). Therefore, Red Hat's score and impact rating can be different from NVD and other vendors. Red Hat remains the authoritative CVE Naming Authority (CNA) source for its products and services (see Red Hat classifications).
CVSS v3 Score Breakdown
| Red Hat | NVD | cve.org | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Score | 4.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Attack Vector | Local | Local | Local |
| Attack Complexity | High | Low | Low |
| Privileges Required | Low | Low | Low |
| User Interaction | None | None | None |
| Scope | Unchanged | Changed | Changed |
| Confidentiality | High | High | High |
| Integrity Impact | None | None | None |
| Availability Impact | None | None | None |
Vector
Red Hat: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
NVD: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
cve.org: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Acknowledgements
Red Hat would like to thank Intel for reporting this issue.
Frequently Asked Questions
Not sure what something means? Check out our Security Glossary.
Want to get errata notifications? Sign up here.
