Failure to emergency mode in RHEL 7 to RHEL 8 Leapp upgrade with "dnf_upgrade_transaction: Cannot calculate, check, test, or perform the upgrade transaction."

Issue

After running the leapp upgrade command and rebooting DNF fails and there are messages in the rdsosreport and leapp-upgrade.log about missing rpm files:

[   70.661973] localhost upgrade[635]: 2024-06-04 20:43:05.220551 [ERROR] Actor: dnf_upgrade_transaction
[   70.661973] localhost upgrade[635]: Message: DNF execution failed with non zero exit code.

<snip>

[   71.935560] localhost upgrade[635]:             Error opening /var/cache/dnf/rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms-376be2e46c653146/packages/bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64.rpm: No such file or directory
[   71.935560] localhost upgrade[635]:             Package "bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64" from repository "rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms" has incorrect checksum
[   71.935560] localhost upgrade[635]:             Error opening /var/cache/dnf/rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms-376be2e46c653146/packages/sos-4.7.1-2.el8_10.noarch.rpm: No such file or directory
[   71.935560] localhost upgrade[635]:             Package "sos-4.7.1-2.el8_10.noarch" from repository "rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms" has incorrect checksum
[   71.935560] localhost upgrade[635]:             Error: Some packages have invalid cache, but cannot be downloaded due to "--cacheonly" option

leapp-upgrade.log shows messages such as the following:

22:43:36.363 ERROR    PID: 1098 leapp.workflow.RPMUpgrade.dnf_upgrade_transaction: Cannot calculate, check, test, or perform the upgrade transaction.

<snip>

Jun 03 17:13:36 localhost upgrade[2120]: 2024-06-03 22:43:36.655 ERROR    PID: 1204 leapp.workflow.RPMUpgrade.check_leftover_packages: Execution of ['/bin/rpm', '-qa', '--queryformat', '%{NAME}|%{VERSION}|%{RELEASE}|%|EPOCH?{%{EPOCH}}:{0}||%|PACKAGER?{%{PACKAGER}}:{(none)}||%|ARCH?{%{ARCH}}:{}||%|DSAHEADER?{%{DSAHEADER:pgpsig}}:{%|RSAHEADER?{%{RSAHEADER:pgpsig}}:{(none)}|}|\\n'] returned 1. Unable to find installed packages.

<snip>

Jun 03 17:13:41 localhost upgrade[918]:             Error opening /var/cache/dnf/rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms-924d334b319c9ad8/packages/bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64.rpm: No such file or directory
Jun 03 17:13:41 localhost upgrade[918]:             Error opening /var/cache/dnf/rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms-924d334b319c9ad8/packages/sos-4.7.1-2.el8_10.noarch.rpm: No such file or directory