如何修改ls命令输出结果的颜色？

Issue

问题

如何修改ls命令输出结果的颜色？

环境

红帽企业版Linux

解决方法

如果您需要自定义ls显示文件系统中不同对象输出的颜色，您可以使用下面的信息。

• 您需要确实修改对系统全局生效还是只是特定用户。
• 您也需要决定修改对传统的文本界面生效还是图形终端生效。
• 传统的文本文档上系统全局定义在/etc/DIR_COLORS
• 图形终端上系统全局定义在/etc/DIR_COLORS.xterm
• 用户级别的终端颜色设定在.dir_colors 和 .dir_colors.xterm

• 用户特定的颜色设定文件应该放在用户的家目录。通常在/home/

       <username>
  

• 如果用户特定文件没有存在，您可以拷贝系统全局文件到用户目录。

下面是一个示例配置文件：

# Configuration file for the color ls utility
# This file goes in the /etc directory, and must be world readable.
# You can copy this file to .dir_colors in your $HOME directory to override
# the system defaults.

# COLOR needs one of these arguments: 'tty' colorizes output to ttys, but not
# pipes. 'all' adds color characters to all output. 'none' shuts colorization
# off.
COLOR tty

# Extra command line options for ls go here.
# Basically these ones are:
#  -F = show '/' for dirs, '*' for executables, etc.
#  -T 0 = don't trust tab spacing when formatting ls output.
OPTIONS -F -T 0

# Below, there should be one TERM entry for each termtype that is colorizable
TERM linux
TERM console
TERM con132x25
TERM con132x30
TERM con132x43
TERM con132x60
TERM con80x25
TERM con80x28
TERM con80x30
TERM con80x43
TERM con80x50
TERM con80x60
TERM cons25
TERM xterm
TERM rxvt
TERM xterm-color
TERM color-xterm
TERM vt100
TERM dtterm
TERM color_xterm
TERM ansi
TERM screen

# EIGHTBIT, followed by Ƈ' for on, Ɔ' for off. (8-bit output)
EIGHTBIT 1

# Below are the color init strings for the basic file types. A color init
# string consists of one or more of the following numeric codes:
# Attribute codes:
# 00=none 01=bold 04=underscore 05=blink 07=reverse 08=concealed
# Text color codes:
# 30=black 31=red 32=green 33=yellow 34=blue 35=magenta 36=cyan 37=white
# Background color codes:
# 40=black 41=red 42=green 43=yellow 44=blue 45=magenta 46=cyan 47=white
NORMAL 00       # global default, although everything should be something.
FILE 00         # normal file
DIR 01;34       # directory
LINK 01;36      # symbolic link
FIFO 40;33      # pipe
SOCK 01;35      # socket
BLK 40;33;01    # block device driver
CHR 40;33;01    # character device driver
ORPHAN 01;05;37;41  # orphaned syminks
MISSING 01;05;37;41 # ... and the files they point to

# This is for files with execute permission:
EXEC 01;32

# List any file extensions like '.gz' or '.tar' that you would like ls
# to colorize below. Put the extension, a space, and the color init string.
# (and any comments you want to add after a '#')
.cmd 01;32 # executables (bright green)
.exe 01;32
.com 01;32
.btm 01;32
.bat 01;32
.sh  01;32
.csh 01;32
.tar 01;31 # archives or compressed (bright red)
.tgz 01;31
.arj 01;31
.taz 01;31
.lzh 01;31
.zip 01;31
.z   01;31
.Z   01;31
.gz  01;31
.bz2 01;31
.bz  01;31
.tz  01;31
.rpm 01;31
.cpio 01;31
.jpg 01;35 # image formats
.gif 01;35
.bmp 01;35
.xbm 01;35
.xpm 01;35
.png 01;35
.tif 01;35

在上面的示例中，您会发现有很好的注释说明文档。列出颜色代码和ANSI代码是相同的，唯一的区别是这些代码时序在前面输入[Escape] 和 "[" ，更多信息，请参考知识库中的其他文章。

完成修改后，重新登陆shell即可看到效果。