Best approach to clones and backups with encryption

I have a dual boot setup on two seperate 512GB SSD drives. The first with windows 10 and the second with RHEL.

The volumes need to be encrypted at rest, and when you do this, taking bootable backup images with clonezilla will appear as if the whole 512gb needs to be backed up even when only 1/10 of that should be needed.

it would make more sense to me to have a solution that takes the unencrypted data after you've entered your password, and backs that up on another encrypted volume, but I'm not sure what options I have for that. I'd love to know if anyone has ideas for the best approach.

I know that mac os has the ability to handle this situation really well with tools like Carbon Copy Cloner. its even able to do a great job of making bootable backups while the system is running off the same volume.