如何扩展包含 GPT 分区表的磁盘？

Issue

• 在存储端扩展磁盘，并验证从操作系统是否可看到额外的空间后，每次发现磁盘时（即在引导过程中）都可能会看到以下消息：

    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: sd 9:0:0:3: [sdd] 245760 512-byte logical blocks: (125 MB/120 MiB)
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: sd 9:0:0:3: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: sd 9:0:0:3: [sdd] Write Protect is off
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: sd 9:0:0:3: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the end of the disk.
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: GPT:212991 != 245759
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: GPT:212991 != 245759
    Nov  9 11:05:51 rhel72 kernel: GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.

• 为什么不能使用所有磁盘空间来创建新的 GPT 分区？

  Model: Linux device-mapper (multipath) (dm)
  Disk /dev/mapper/mpathb: 245760s
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
  Partition Table: gpt
  Disk Flags: 
  
  Number  Start  End      Size    File system  Name     Flags
   1      34s    100000s  99967s               primary
  
  (parted) mkpart primary 100001s 245700s                              
  Warning: You requested a partition from 100001s to 245700s (sectors 100001..245700).
  The closest location we can manage is 100001s to 212958s (sectors 100001..212958).
  Is this still acceptable to you?
  Yes/No? 
  

• 调整了大小的磁盘未显示正确的、增加的大小。
  • 之前：
    

    # fdisk -lu /dev/sdaf
    WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
    
    Disk /dev/sdaf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

  • 在大小调整到 20GB 后，仍然显示以前的大小：
    

    # fdisk -lu /dev/sdaf
    
    Disk /dev/sdaf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

• 调整磁盘大小后，fdisk 不再显示 GPT 表信息：
  • 之前：
    

    # fdisk -lu /dev/sdaf
    :
    Disk label type: gpt

  • 调整大小后：
    

    # fdisk -lu /dev/sdaf
    :
    Disk label type: dos