XFS filesystem returns "Input/output error" after SCSI command timeouts in a virtual environment

Issue

• When trying to access an XFS filesystem on a virtual machine, commands fail with an Input/output error.
• When checking the kernel logs (/var/log/messages or journalctl -k), a sequence of messages is found, starting with SCSI command timeouts and I/O errors, immediately followed by messages indicating that the XFS filesystem has shut down.

kernel:sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#904 timing out command, waited 180s
kernel:scsi_io_completion_action: 244 callbacks suppressed
kernel:sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#904 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=180s
kernel:sd 0:0:1:0: [sdb] tag#904 CDB: Write(16) 8a 00 00 00 00 01 80 0a 66 23 00 00 00 08 00 00
kernel:print_req_error: 244 callbacks suppressed
kernel:blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 6443132451 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x1800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel:XFS (dm-0): log I/O error -5
kernel:XFS (dm-0): xfs_do_force_shutdown(0x2) called from line 1250 of file fs/xfs/xfs_log.c. Return address = 0000000074bf43f0
kernel:XFS (dm-0): Log I/O Error Detected. Shutting down filesystem
kernel:XFS (dm-0): Please unmount the filesystem and rectify the problem(s)
kernel:dm-0: writeback error on inode 8589935744, offset 46972928, sector 8591276624