GNOME Shell crashes with JavaScript error

Issue

• When attempting to start GNOME, we get the following error:

  gnome-shell[68639]: JS ERROR: TypeError: formattedTime is null
  formatTime@resource:///org/gnome/shell/misc/util.js:286:5
  WorldClocksSection<._updateLabels@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/dateMenu.js:193:28
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  WorldClocksSection<._clocksChanged@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/dateMenu.js:180:13
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  AppSettingsMonitor<._connectHandler@resource:///org/gnome/shell/misc/util.js:483:9
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  AppSettingsMonitor<.watchSetting@resource:///org/gnome/shell/misc/util.js:474:9
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  WorldClocksSection<._init@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/dateMenu.js:119:9
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  _Base.prototype._construct@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:18:5
  Class.prototype._construct/newClass@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:114:32
  DateMenuButton<._init@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/dateMenu.js:541:28
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  _Base.prototype._construct@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:18:5
  Class.prototype._construct/newClass@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:114:32
  Panel<._ensureIndicator@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/panel.js:1106:25
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  Panel<._updateBox@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/panel.js:1117:29
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  Panel<._updatePanel@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/panel.js:1027:9
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  Panel<._init@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/panel.js:829:9
  wrapper@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:82:22
  _Base.prototype._construct@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:18:5
  Class.prototype._construct/newClass@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/_legacy.js:114:32
  _initializeUI@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/main.js:172:13
  start@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/main.js:126:5
  @<main>:1:31
  gnome-shell[68639]: Execution of main.js threw exception: JS_EvaluateScript() failed