Starting the Docker service fails with: Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

Issue

• We are trying to setup docker but after starting it the service fails with:

  # systemctl status docker.service
  ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
             └─hosts.conf
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2018-04-20 14:41:30 CEST; 16s ago
       Docs: http://docs.docker.com
    Process: 8699 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker $OPTIONS $DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS $BLOCK_REGISTRY $INSECURE_REGISTRY (code=exited, status=125)
   Main PID: 8699 (code=exited, status=125)
  
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: top         Display the running processes of a container
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: version     Show the Docker version information
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname docker[8699]: Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname systemd[1]: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=125/n/a
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname systemd[1]: Unit docker.service entered failed state.
  Apr 20 14:41:30 hostname systemd[1]: docker.service failed.