Unable to boot with various errors reported. Last message shown "Starting system logger:"

Issue

During boot the following errors are seen:

rm: cannot remove '/var/lock/subsys/vmware-tools': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/lock/subsys/lvm2-monitor': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/lock/subsys/network': Read-only file system
find: '/var/run': No such file or directory
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: line 596: /var/run/utmp: No such file or directory
touch: cannot touch '/var/log/wtmp': No such file or directory
chgrp: cannot access '/var/run/utmp': No such file or directory
chgrp: cannot access '/var/log/wtmp': No such file or directory
chmod: cannot access '/var/run/utmp': No such file or directory
chmod: cannot access '/var/log/wtmp': No such file or directory
rm: cannot remove '/tmp/.ICE-unix': Read-only file system
chown: changing remove '/tmp/.ICE-unix': Read-only file system
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: line 653: /var/log/dmesg: No such file or directory
mktemp: failed to create file via template '/tmp/sysstat-XXXXXX': Read-only file system
Starting system logger: Can't open or create /var/run/syslogd.pid.
Can't write pid.