When trying to mount my gfs2 filesystem, it fails with "there isn't a GFS2 filesystem on /dev/<device>, magic=<###> type=<###>"

Issue

When attempting to mount previously working gfs2 filesystems after a withdrawal, it fails with:

# mount <mountpoint>
# there isn't a GFS2 filesystem on /dev/<device>, magic=<###> type=<###>

When I attempt to fsck any of the affected filesystems, it fails with the following:

# fsck.gfs2 -y /dev/<vg>/<lv>
# Initializing fsck
# Either the super block is corrupted, or this is not a GFS2 filesystem
# Gathering information to repair the GFS2 filesystem. This may take some time.
...
# The system master directory seems to be destroyed.
# Trying to rebuild the master directory.
# Not enough space available on device