XA Rollback against JDBC database due to SQL constraint violation gives exception "XA error code: -3".

Issue

We are using XA transaction and writing data to a JDBC database.
The XA transaction is supposed to rollback when we have an SQL constraint violation (SQL exception). However the XA rollback fails with

Error ending association for XAResource 
org.apache.geronimo.transaction.manager.WrapperNamedXAResource@57946cc8; 
transaction will roll back. XA error code: -3
javax.transaction.xa.XAException: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: 
The connection is closed.

The relevant parts in the log file read:

WARN  | GeronimoConnectionEventListener  | 119 - org.apache.aries.transaction.jdbc - 1.0.1.redhat-610394 | connectionErrorOccurred called with null com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint 'UQ__TBL_Some__8F7960A3DE1089C2'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 
XXX.Something'. The duplicate key value is (Text).

INFO  | SinglePoolConnectionInterceptor  | 119 - org.apache.aries.transaction.jdbc - 1.0.1.redhat-610394 | Removing ManagedConnectionInfo: org.apache.geronimo.connector.outbound.ManagedConnectionInfo@334f20e6. mc: org.tranql.connector.jdbc.ManagedXAConnection@ff8f65b] from pool org.apache.geronimo.connector.outbound.SinglePoolConnectionInterceptor@21f5d88e

WARN  | SqlExceptionHelper | 270 - org.jboss.logging.jboss-logging - 3.1.4.GA | SQL Error: 2627, SQLState: 23000

ERROR | SqlExceptionHelper | 270 - org.jboss.logging.jboss-logging - 3.1.4.GA | Violation of UNIQUE KEY constraint XXX__8F7960A3DE1089C2'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'XXX.Something'. The duplicate key value is (Text).

WARN  |  Transaction | 117 - org.apache.aries.transaction.manager - 1.0.1.redhat-610394 | Error ending association for XAResource org.apache.geronimo.transaction.manager.WrapperNamedXAResource@57946cc8; transaction will roll back. XA error code: -3 javax.transaction.xa.XAException: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The connection is closed.