javax.xml.ws.soap.SOAPFaultException: An error occurred when verifying security thrown from CXF WS Client standalone application

Issue

We are using JBossWS to generate a web service client (wsimport). All the client code is generated correctly and runs fine within a testcase but the test case executes the code inside the JBoss container on JBoss EAP.

We want to invoke the web service client generated by wsimport outside the container, from a standalone client.

For example: execute the web service client within a Java executable class. We grabbed all the WS JARs required, but we suspect something might be missing because of the exception: javax.xml.ws.soap.SOAPFaultException: An error occurred when verifying security for the message

We are using WS-Security Policy in our WSDL:

<wsp:Policy wsu:Id="SecureHttp_policy">
    <wsp:ExactlyOne>
        <wsp:All>
            <sp:TransportBinding
                xmlns:sp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy">
                <wsp:Policy>
                    <sp:TransportToken>
                        <wsp:Policy>
                            <sp:HttpsToken RequireClientCertificate="false" ></sp:HttpsToken>
                        </wsp:Policy>
                    </sp:TransportToken>
                    <sp:AlgorithmSuite>
                        <wsp:Policy>
                            <sp:Basic256 ></sp:Basic256>
                        </wsp:Policy>
                    </sp:AlgorithmSuite>
                    <sp:Layout>
                        <wsp:Policy>
                            <sp:Lax ></sp:Lax>
                        </wsp:Policy>
                    </sp:Layout>
                    <sp:IncludeTimestamp ></sp:IncludeTimestamp>
                </wsp:Policy>
            </sp:TransportBinding>
            <sp:EndorsingSupportingTokens
                xmlns:sp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy">
                <wsp:Policy>
                    <sp:X509Token
                        sp:IncludeToken="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy/IncludeToken/AlwaysToRecipient">
                        <wsp:Policy>
                            <sp:WssX509V3Token10 ></sp:WssX509V3Token10>
                        </wsp:Policy>
                    </sp:X509Token>
                </wsp:Policy>
            </sp:EndorsingSupportingTokens>
            <sp:Wss10 xmlns:sp="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/07/securitypolicy">
                <wsp:Policy>
                    <sp:MustSupportRefKeyIdentifier ></sp:MustSupportRefKeyIdentifier>
                    <sp:MustSupportRefIssuerSerial ></sp:MustSupportRefIssuerSerial>
                </wsp:Policy>
            </sp:Wss10>
        </wsp:All>
    </wsp:ExactlyOne>
</wsp:Policy>