What causes Hibernate org.hibernate.cache.CacheException: failed to get global transaction in JBoss EAP 4.3?

Issue

We ran into the following exception in our internal system testing. It is a single-node JBoss environment and would like to know why this CacheException occurred and how it may be fixed.

(08/24 17:28:12:162):[org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener] [INFO] Error performing load command
org.hibernate.cache.CacheException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.Exception: failed to get global transaction
 at org.jboss.ejb3.entity.OptimisticJBCCache.read(OptimisticJBCCache.java:167)
 at org.hibernate.cache.TransactionalCache.get(TransactionalCache.java:31)
 at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener.loadFromSecondLevelCache(DefaultLoadEventListener.java:486)
 at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener.doLoad(DefaultLoadEventListener.java:357)
 at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener.load(DefaultLoadEventListener.java:139)
 at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener.proxyOrLoad(DefaultLoadEventListener.java:195)
 at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultLoadEventListener.onLoad(DefaultLoadEventListener.java:103)
 at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.fireLoad(SessionImpl.java:878)
 at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.get(SessionImpl.java:815)
 at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.get(SessionImpl.java:808)
 at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.find(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:182)
 at org.jboss.ejb3.entity.TransactionScopedEntityManager.find(TransactionScopedEntityManager.java:179)
 at [package]