What are the different error states for Intel® Itanium® based systems?

All computer systems are vulnerable to errors, some errors are permanent (sometimes called "hard" errors) where a component has been damaged (perhaps by a static electric discharge) and always gives a bad result. In other cases, the error may be transient (also known as a "soft" error) where one or more bits of data may have their values changed by a one time event (such as an alpha particle f...