XFS filesystem went readonly with a "Corruption of in-memory data detected" message

Issue

XFS filesystem went to read-only mode with the following messages in log:

Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: Filesystem emcpowera: xfs_iflush: Bad inode 637615803 magic number 0x6c65, ptr 0xffff81087e60fb00
Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: xfs_force_shutdown(emcpowera,0x8) called from line 3221 of file fs/xfs/xfs_inode.c.  Return address = 0xff
ffffff88617e96
Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: xfs_force_shutdown(emcpowera,0x2) called from line 823 of file fs/xfs/xfs_log.c.  Return address = 0xfffff
fff8861d429
Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: Filesystem emcpowera: Corruption of in-memory data detected.  Shutting down filesystem: emcpowera
Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: Please umount the filesystem, and rectify the problem(s)
Sep 17 14:39:04 localhost kernel: Filesystem emcpowera: xfs_log_force: error 5 returned.
Sep 17 14:39:06 localhost kernel: Filesystem emcpowera: xfs_log_force: error 5 returned.