1. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules file defines that the /lib/udev/rename_device helper utility searches for the HWADDR parameter in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* files. If the value set in the variable matches the MAC address of an interface, the helper utility renames the interface to the name set in the DEVICE parameter of the file. This file only exists after installing the initscripts package.
2. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules file defines that the biosdevname utility renames the interface according to its naming policy, provided that it was not renamed in the previous step.
3. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules file defines that udev examines the network interface device and sets the properties in udev-internal variables that will be processed in the next step. Note that some of these properties might be undefined.

4. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules file calls the net_setup_link udev built-in which then applies the policy. The following is the default policy that is stored in the /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link file:

   [Link]
   NamePolicy=kernel database onboard slot path
   MACAddressPolicy=persistent

   With this policy, if the kernel uses a persistent name, udev does not rename the interface. If the kernel does not use a persistent name, udev renames the interface to the name provided by the hardware database of udev. If this database is not available, Red Hat Enterprise Linux falls back to the mechanisms described above.

   Alternatively, set the NamePolicy parameter in this file to mac for media access control (MAC) address-based interface names.

5. The /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules file defines that udev renames the interface based on the udev-internal parameters in the following order:

   1. ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD
   2. ID_NET_NAME_SLOT
   3. ID_NET_NAME_PATH

   If one parameter is not set, udev uses the next one. If none of the parameters are set, the interface is not renamed.

Procedure

1. Boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 installation media.
2. In the boot manager, select Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, and press the Tab key to edit the entry.

3. Append the net.ifnames=0 parameter to the kernel command line:

   vmlinuz... net.ifnames=0

4. Press Enter to start the installation.

Procedure

1. Edit the /etc/default/grub file and append the net.ifnames=0 parameter to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX variable:

   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="... net.ifnames=0"

2. Rebuild the grub.cfg file:

   • On a system with UEFI boot mode:

     # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg

   • On a system with legacy boot mode:

     # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

3. Display the current profile names and the associated device names:

   # nmcli -f NAME,DEVICE,FILENAME connection show
   NAME           DEVICE  FILENAME
   System enp1s0  enp1s0  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp1s0
   System enp7s0  enp7s0  /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/enp7s0.nmconnection

   Note which profile name and configuration file is associated with each device.

4. Remove HWADDR parameters from all connection profiles:

   # sed -i '/^HWADDR=/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp1s0 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/enp7s0.nmconnection

5. Display the MAC addresses that are associated with the Ethernet devices:

   # ip link show
   ...
   2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:53:00:c5:98:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   3: enp7s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:53:00:b6:87:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

6. Reboot the host:

   # reboot

7. After the reboot, display the Ethernet devices and identify the new interface name based on the MAC address:

   # ip link show
   ...
   2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:53:00:b6:87:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:53:00:c5:98:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   If you compare the current output with the previous one:

   • Interface enp7s0 (MAC address 00:53:00:b6:87:c6) is now named eth0.
   • Interface enp1s0 (MAC address 00:53:00:c5:98:1c) is now named eth1.

8. Rename the configuration file:

   # mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/enp7s0.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
   # mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp1s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

9. Reload NetworkManager:

   # nmcli connection reload

10. If no profile name is set in the configuration files, NetworkManager uses a default value. To determine the current profile name after you renamed and reloaded the connections, enter:

    # nmcli -f NAME,DEVICE,FILENAME connection show
    NAME           FILENAME
    System enp7s0  /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
    System enp1s0  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

    You require the profile names in the next step.

11. Rename the NetworkManager connection profiles and update the interface name in each profile:

    # nmcli connection modify "System enp7s0" connection.id eth0 connection.interface-name eth0
    # nmcli connection modify "System enp1s0" connection.id eth1 connection.interface-name eth1

12. Reactivate the NetworkManager connections:

    # nmcli connection up eth0
    # nmcli connection up eth1

Procedure

1. Boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation media.

2. In the boot manager:

   1. Select the Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux <version> entry, and press Tab to edit the entry.
   2. Append net.ifnames.prefix=<prefix> to the kernel options.
   3. Press Enter to start the installer.
3. Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Procedure

1. Display all network interfaces and their MAC addresses:

   # ip link list
   
   enp6s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   enp6s0f1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   enp4s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:90:fa:6a:7d:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

2. Create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-custom-ifnames.rules with the following contents:

   SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="b4:96:91:14:ae:58",ATTR{type}=="1",NAME="provider0"
   SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="b4:96:91:14:ae:5a",ATTR{type}=="1",NAME="provider1"
   SUBSYSTEM=="net",ACTION=="add",ATTR{address}=="00:90:fa:6a:7d:90",ATTR{type}=="1",NAME="dmz"

   These rules match the MAC address of the network interfaces and rename them to the name given in the NAME property. In these examples, ATTR{type} parameter value 1 defines that the interface is of type Ethernet.

Verification

1. Reboot the system.

   # reboot

2. Verify that interface names for each MAC address match the value you set in the NAME parameter of the rule file:

   # ip link show
   
   provider0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
      altname enp6s0f0
   provider1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       altname enp6s0f1
   dmz: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:90:fa:6a:7d:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       altname enp4s0f0

Procedure

1. Display all interfaces names and their MAC addresses:

   # ip link show
   
   enp6s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   enp6s0f1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:5a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   enp4s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 00:90:fa:6a:7d:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

2. For naming the interface with MAC address b4:96:91:14:ae:58 to provider0, create the /etc/systemd/network/70-custom-ifnames.link file with following contents:

   [Match]
   MACAddress=b4:96:91:14:ae:58
   
   [Link]
   Name=provider0

   This link file matches a MAC address and renames the network interface to the name set in the Name parameter.

Verification

1. Reboot the system:

   # reboot

2. Verify that the device with the MAC address you specified in the link file has been assigned to provider0:

   # ip link show
   
   provider0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether b4:96:91:14:ae:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Procedure

1. Optional: Display the list of devices to identify the device you want to set as unmanaged:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp1s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   ...

2. Create the /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/99-unmanaged-devices.conf file with the following content:

   [keyfile]
   unmanaged-devices=interface-name:enp1s0

   To set multiple devices as unmanaged, separate the entries in the unmanaged-devices parameter with semicolon:

   [keyfile]
   unmanaged-devices=interface-name:interface_1;interface-name:interface_2;...

3. Reload the NetworkManager service:

   # systemctl reload NetworkManager

Procedure

1. Optional: Display the list of devices to identify the device you want to set as unmanaged:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp1s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   ...

2. Set the enp1s0 device to the unmanaged state:

   # nmcli device set enp1s0 managed no

Procedure

1. To start nmtui, enter:

   # nmtui

   

2. To navigate:

   • Use the cursors or press Tab to step forwards and press Shift+Tab to step back through the options.
   • Use Enter to select an option.
   • Use the Space bar to toggle the status of check boxes.

Procedure

1. Start the NetworkManager text user interface utility:

   # nmtui

2. Select the Edit a connection menu entry, and press Enter.
3. Select the Add button, and press Enter.
4. Select Ethernet, and press Enter.

5. Fill the fields with the connection details.

   
6. Select OK to save the changes.
7. Select Back to return to the main menu.
8. Select Activate a connection, and press Enter.
9. Select the new connection entry, and press Enter to activate the connection.
10. Select Back to return to the main menu.
11. Select Quit.

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp1s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp1s0
   ...

   If the configuration on the disk does not match the configuration on the device, starting or restarting NetworkManager creates an in-memory connection that reflects the configuration of the device. For further details and how to avoid this problem, see NetworkManager duplicates a connection after restart of NetworkManager service.

   Additional resources

   • Testing basic network settings
   • nmtui(1) man page

Procedure

1. In the main menu, select the Activate a connection menu entry:

   
2. Select the modified connection.

3. On the right, select the Deactivate button, and press Enter:

   
4. Select the connection again.

5. On the right, select the Activate button, and press Enter:

   

Procedure

1. Add a new NetworkManager connection profile for the Ethernet connection:

   # nmcli connection add con-name Example-Connection ifname enp7s0 type ethernet

   The further steps modify the Example-Connection connection profile you created.

2. Set the IPv4 address:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24

3. Set the IPv6 address:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/64

4. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 connection method to manual:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.method manual
   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.method manual

5. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 default gateways:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.254
   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe

6. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 DNS server addresses:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns "192.0.2.200"
   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns "2001:db8:1::ffbb"

   To set multiple DNS servers, specify them space-separated and enclosed in quotes.

7. Set the DNS search domain for the IPv4 and IPv6 connection:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns-search example.com
   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns-search example.com

8. Activate the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection up Example-Connection
   Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/13)

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fff3

4. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Troubleshooting steps

1. If the connection fails or if the network interface switches between an up and down status:

   • Make sure that the network cable is plugged-in to the host and a switch.
   • Check whether the link failure exists only on this host or also on other hosts connected to the same switch the server is connected to.
   • Verify that the network cable and the network interface are working as expected. Perform hardware diagnosis steps and replace defect cables and network interface cards.
   • If the configuration on the disk does not match the configuration on the device, starting or restarting NetworkManager creates an in-memory connection that reflects the configuration of the device. For further details and how to avoid this problem, see NetworkManager duplicates a connection after restart of NetworkManager service

Procedure

1. To add a new NetworkManager connection profile for the Ethernet connection, and starting the interactive mode, enter:

   # nmcli connection edit type ethernet con-name Example-Connection

2. Set the network interface:

   nmcli> set connection.interface-name enp7s0

3. Set the IPv4 address:

   nmcli> set ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24

4. Set the IPv6 address:

   nmcli> set ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/64

5. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 connection method to manual:

   nmcli> set ipv4.method manual
   nmcli> set ipv6.method manual

6. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 default gateways:

   nmcli> set ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.254
   nmcli> set ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe

7. Set the IPv4 and IPv6 DNS server addresses:

   nmcli> set ipv4.dns 192.0.2.200
   nmcli> set ipv6.dns 2001:db8:1::ffbb

   To set multiple DNS servers, specify them space-separated and enclosed in quotes.

8. Set the DNS search domain for the IPv4 and IPv6 connection:

   nmcli> set ipv4.dns-search example.com
   nmcli> set ipv6.dns-search example.com

9. Save and activate the connection:

   nmcli> save persistent
   Saving the connection with 'autoconnect=yes'. That might result in an immediate activation of the connection.
   Do you still want to save? (yes/no) [yes] yes

10. Leave the interactive mode:

    nmcli> quit

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fff3

4. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Troubleshooting steps

1. If the connection fails or if the network interface switches between an up and down status:

   • Make sure that the network cable is plugged-in to the host and a switch.
   • Check whether the link failure exists only on this host or also on other hosts connected to the same switch the server is connected to.
   • Verify that the network cable and the network interface are working as expected. Perform hardware diagnosis steps and replace defect cables and network interface cards.

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml, with the following contents:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: enp7s0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: enp7s0
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  enp7s0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show enp7s0
   connection.id:              enp7s0
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show enp7s0

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/ethernet-static-IP.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with static IP
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           - name: enp7s0
             interface_name: enp7s0
             type: ethernet
             autoconnect: yes
             ip:
               address:
                 - 192.0.2.1/24
                 - 2001:db8:1::1/64
               gateway4: 192.0.2.254
               gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
               dns:
                 - 192.0.2.200
                 - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
               dns_search:
                 - example.com
             state: up

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/ethernet-static-IP.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/ethernet-static-IP.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with dynamic IP
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           - name: example
             match:
               path:
                 - pci-0000:00:0[1-3].0
                 - &!pci-0000:00:02.0
             type: ethernet
             autoconnect: yes
             ip:
               address:
                 - 192.0.2.1/24
                 - 2001:db8:1::1/64
               gateway4: 192.0.2.254
               gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
               dns:
                 - 192.0.2.200
                 - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
               dns_search:
                 - example.com
             state: up

   The match parameter in this example defines that Ansible applies the play to devices that match PCI ID 0000:00:0[1-3].0, but not 0000:00:02.0. For further details about special modifiers and wild cards you can use, see the match parameter description in the /usr/share/ansible/roles/rhel-system-roles.network/README.md file.

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. Add a new NetworkManager connection profile for the Ethernet connection:

   # nmcli connection add con-name Example-Connection ifname enp7s0 type ethernet

2. Optionally, change the host name NetworkManager sends to the DHCP server when using the Example-Connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dhcp-hostname Example ipv6.dhcp-hostname Example

3. Optionally, change the client ID NetworkManager sends to an IPv4 DHCP server when using the Example-Connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dhcp-client-id client-ID

   Note that there is no dhcp-client-id parameter for IPv6. To create an identifier for IPv6, configure the dhclient service.

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fff3

4. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Procedure

1. To add a new NetworkManager connection profile for the Ethernet connection, and starting the interactive mode, enter:

   # nmcli connection edit type ethernet con-name Example-Connection

2. Set the network interface:

   nmcli> set connection.interface-name enp7s0

3. Optionally, change the host name NetworkManager sends to the DHCP server when using the Example-Connection profile:

   nmcli> set ipv4.dhcp-hostname Example
   nmcli> set ipv6.dhcp-hostname Example

4. Optionally, change the client ID NetworkManager sends to an IPv4 DHCP server when using the Example-Connection profile:

   nmcli> set ipv4.dhcp-client-id client-ID

   Note that there is no dhcp-client-id parameter for IPv6. To create an identifier for IPv6, configure the dhclient service.

5. Save and activate the connection:

   nmcli> save persistent
   Saving the connection with 'autoconnect=yes'. That might result in an immediate activation of the connection.
   Do you still want to save? (yes/no) [yes] yes

6. Leave the interactive mode:

   nmcli> quit

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fff3

4. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml, with the following contents:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       dhcp: true
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       auto-dns: true
       auto-gateway: true
       auto-routes: true
       autoconf: true
       dhcp: true

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-ethernet-profile.yml

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  enp7s0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show enp7s0
   connection.id:              enp7s0_
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show enp7s0

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with dynamic IP
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           - name: enp7s0
             interface_name: enp7s0
             type: ethernet
             autoconnect: yes
             ip:
               dhcp4: yes
               auto6: yes
             state: up

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure an Ethernet connection with dynamic IP
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           - name: example
             match:
               path:
                 - pci-0000:00:0[1-3].0
                 - &!pci-0000:00:02.0
             type: ethernet
             autoconnect: yes
             ip:
               dhcp4: yes
               auto6: yes
             state: up

   The match parameter in this example defines that Ansible applies the play to devices that match PCI ID 0000:00:0[1-3].0, but not 0000:00:02.0. For further details about special modifiers and wild cards you can use, see the match parameter description in the /usr/share/ansible/roles/rhel-system-roles.network/README.md file.

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/ethernet-dynamic-IP.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. Press the Super key, enter Settings, and press Enter.
2. Select Network in the navigation on the left.
3. Click the + button next to the Wired entry to create a new profile.
4. Optional: Set a name for the connection on the Identity tab.

5. On the IPv4 tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, select method Manual, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:

   

6. On the IPv6 tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, select method Manual, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:

   
7. Click the Add button to save the connection. The GNOME control-center automatically activates the connection.

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp7s0      ethernet  connected  Example-Connection

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show Example-Connection
   connection.id:              Example-Connection
   connection.uuid:            b6cdfa1c-e4ad-46e5-af8b-a75f06b79f76
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            802-3-ethernet
   connection.interface-name:  enp7s0
   ...

3. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fffe

4. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Troubleshooting steps

1. If the connection fails or if the network interface switches between an up and down status:

   • Make sure that the network cable is plugged-in to the host and a switch.
   • Check whether the link failure exists only on this host or also on other hosts connected to the same switch the server is connected to.
   • Verify that the network cable and the network interface are working as expected. Perform hardware diagnosis steps and replace defect cables and network interface cards.

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Ethernet connection type, and click Create.

4. On the General tab:

   1. To automatically enable this connection when the system boots or when you restart the NetworkManager service:

      1. Select Connect automatically with priority.

      2. Optional: Change the priority value next to Connect automatically with priority.

         If multiple connection profiles exist for the same device, NetworkManager enables only one profile. By default, NetworkManager activates the last-used profile that has auto-connect enabled. However, if you set priority values in the profiles, NetworkManager activates the profile with the highest priority.

   2. Clear the All users may connect to this network check box if the profile should be available only to the user that created the connection profile.

   

5. On the Ethernet tab, select a device and, optionally, further Ethernet-related settings.
6. On the IPv4 Settings tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:
7. On the IPv6 Settings tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:
8. Save the connection.
9. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification steps

1. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 192.0.2.3

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:1::2

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet.

     For IPv4:

     # ping 198.162.3.1

     For IPv6:

     # ping 2001:db8:2::1

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       For IPv4:

       # ping 192.0.2.254

       For IPv6:

       # ping 2001:db8:1::fff3

   • Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

     # host client.example.com

     If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Procedure

1. Create the /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dhcp-client.conf file with the following content:

   [main]
   dhcp=dhclient

   You can set the dhcp parameter to internal (default) or dhclient.

2. If you set the dhcp parameter to dhclient, install the dhcp-client package:

   # dnf install dhcp-client

3. Restart NetworkManager:

   # systemctl restart NetworkManager

   Note that the restart temporarily interrupts all network connections.

Procedure

1. Set the ipv4.dhcp-timeout and ipv6.dhcp-timeout properties. For example, to set both options to 30 seconds, enter:

   # nmcli connection modify connection_name ipv4.dhcp-timeout 30 ipv6.dhcp-timeout 30

   Alternatively, set the parameters to infinity to configure that NetworkManager does not stop trying to request and renew an IP address until it is successful.

2. Optional: Configure the behavior if NetworkManager does not receive an IPv4 address before the timeout:

   # nmcli connection modify connection_name ipv4.may-fail value

   If you set the ipv4.may-fail option to:

   • yes, the status of the connection depends on the IPv6 configuration:

     • If the IPv6 configuration is enabled and successful, NetworkManager activates the IPv6 connection and no longer tries to activate the IPv4 connection.
     • If the IPv6 configuration is disabled or not configured, the connection fails.

   • no, the connection is deactivated. In this case:

     • If the autoconnect property of the connection is enabled, NetworkManager retries to activate the connection as many times as set in the autoconnect-retries property. The default is 4.
     • If the connection still cannot acquire a DHCP address, auto-activation fails. Note that after 5 minutes, the auto-connection process starts again to acquire an IP address from the DHCP server.

3. Optional: Configure the behavior if NetworkManager does not receive an IPv6 address before the timeout:

   # nmcli connection modify connection_name ipv6.may-fail value

Procedure

1. Add a connection profile that applies to all interface names starting with enp:

   #nmcli connection add con-name Example connection.multi-connect multiple match.interface-name enp* type ethernet

Verification steps

1. Display all settings of the single connection profile:

   #nmcli connection show Example

   connection.id:                      Example
   ...
   connection.multi-connect:           3 (multiple)
   match.interface-name:               `enp*`
   ...

   3 indicates the number of interfaces active on the connection profile at the same time, and not the number of network interfaces in the connection profile. The connection profile uses all devices that match the pattern in the match.interface-name parameter and, therefore, the connection profiles have the same Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).

2. Display the status of the connections:

   #nmcli connection show

   NAME                    UUID                    TYPE     DEVICE
   ...
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp7s0
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp8s0
   Example  6f22402e-c0cc-49cf-b702-eaf0cd5ea7d1  ethernet  enp9s0

Procedure

1. Identify the device path. For example, to display the device paths of all interfaces starting with enp, enter :

   #udevadm info /sys/class/net/enp* | grep ID_PATH=
   
   ...
   E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:07:00.0
   E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:08:00.0

2. Add a connection profile that applies to all PCI IDs matching the 0000:00:0[7-8].0 expression:

   #nmcli connection add type ethernet connection.multi-connect multiple match.path "pci-0000:07:00.0 pci-0000:08:00.0" con-name Example

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the connection:

   #nmcli connection show
   
   NAME   UUID     TYPE        DEVICE
   ...
   Example      9cee0958-512f-4203-9d3d-b57af1d88466  ethernet  enp7s0
   Example      9cee0958-512f-4203-9d3d-b57af1d88466  ethernet  enp8s0
   ...

2. To display all settings of the connection profile:

   #nmcli connection show Example
   
   connection.id:               Example
   ...
   connection.multi-connect:    3 (multiple)
   match.path:                  pci-0000:07:00.0,pci-0000:08:00.0
   ...

Procedure

1. To create a Wi-Fi connection profile with static IP configuration:

   $ nmcli con add con-name MyCafe ifname wlan0 type wifi ssid MyCafe ip4 192.0.2.101/24 gw4 192.0.2.1

2. Set a DNS server. For example, to set 192.0.2.1 as the DNS server:

   $ nmcli con modify con-name MyCafe ipv4.dns "192.0.2.1"

3. Optionally, set a DNS search domain. For example, to set the search domain to example.com:

   $ nmcli con modify con-name MyCafe ipv4.dns-search "example.com"

4. To check a specific property, for example mtu:

   $ nmcli connection show id MyCafe | grep mtu
   802-11-wireless.mtu:                     auto

5. To change the property of a setting:

   $ nmcli connection modify id MyCafe wireless.mtu 1350

6. To verify the change:

   $ nmcli connection show id MyCafe | grep mtu
   802-11-wireless.mtu:                     1350

Verification steps

1. Use the ping utility to verify that this host can send packets to other hosts.

   • Ping an IP address in the same subnet. For example:

     # ping 192.0.2.103

     If the command fails, verify the IP and subnet settings.

   • Ping an IP address in a remote subnet. For example:

     # ping 198.51.16.3

     • If the command fails, ping the default gateway to verify settings.

       # ping 192.0.2.1

2. Use the host utility to verify that name resolution works. For example:

   # host client.example.com

   If the command returns any error, such as connection timed out or no servers could be reached, verify your DNS settings.

Procedure

1. Press the Super key to enter the Activities Overview, type Wi-Fi and press Enter. In the left-hand-side menu entry you see the list of available networks.

2. Select the gear wheel icon to the right of the Wi-Fi connection name that you want to edit, and the editing connection dialog appears. The Details menu window shows the connection details where you can make further configuration.

   Options

   1. If you select Connect automatically, NetworkManager auto-connects to this connection whenever NetworkManager detects that it is available. If you do not want NetworkManager to connect automatically, clear the check box. Note that when the check box is clear, you have to select that connection manually in the network connection icon’s menu to cause it to connect.
   2. To make a connection available to other users, select the Make available to other users check box.

   3. You can also control the background data usage by changing the Restrict background data usage option.

      Note

      To delete a Wi-Fi connection, click the Forget Connection red box.

3. Select the Identity menu entry to see the basic configuration options.

   SSID — The Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the access point (AP).

   BSSID — The Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) is the MAC address, also known as a hardware address, of the specific wireless access point you are connecting to when in Infrastructure mode. This field is blank by default, and you are able to connect to a wireless access point by SSID without having to specify its BSSID. If the BSSID is specified, it will force the system to associate to a specific access point only. For ad-hoc networks, the BSSID is generated randomly by the mac80211 subsystem when the ad-hoc network is created. It is not displayed by NetworkManager.

   MAC address — The MAC address allows you to associate a specific wireless adapter with a specific connection (or connections).

   Cloned Address — A cloned MAC address to use in place of the real hardware address. Leave blank unless required.

4. For further IP address configuration , select the IPv4 and IPv6 menu entries.

   By default, both IPv4 and IPv6 are set to automatic configuration depending on current network settings. This means that addresses such as the local IP address, DNS address, and other settings will be detected automatically when the interface connects to a network. If a DHCP server assigns the IP configuration in this network, this is sufficient, but you can also provide static configuration in the IPv4 and IPv6 Settings. In the IPv4 and IPv6 menu entries, you can see the following settings:

   • IPv4 Method

     • Automatic (DHCP) — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to uses Router Advertisements (RA) or a DHCP server to assign dynamic IP addresses. You can see the assigned IP address in the Details menu entry.
     • Link-Local Only — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to does not have a DHCP server and you do not want to assign IP addresses manually. Random addresses will be assigned as per RFC 3927 with prefix 169.254/16.
     • Manual — Choose this option if you want to assign IP addresses manually.
     • Disable — IPv4 is disabled for this connection.

   • DNS

     If Automatic is ON, and no DHCP server is available that assigns DNS servers to this connection, switch it to OFF to enter the IP address of a DNS server separating the IPs by comma.

   • Routes

     Note that in the Routes section, when Automatic is ON, routes from Router Advertisements (RA) or DHCP are used, but you can also add additional static routes. When OFF, only static routes are used.

     • Address — Enter the IP address of a remote network, sub-net, or host.
     • Netmask — The netmask or prefix length of the IP address entered above.
     • Gateway — The IP address of the gateway leading to the remote network, sub-net, or host entered above.
     • Metric — A network cost, a preference value to give to this route. Lower values will be preferred over higher values.

   • Use this connection only for resources on its network

     Select this check box to prevent the connection from becoming the default route.

   Alternatively, to configure IPv6 settings in a Wi-Fi connection, select the IPv6 menu entry:

   • IPv6 Method

     • Automatic — Choose this option to use IPv6 Stateless Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) to create an automatic, stateless configuration based on the hardware address and Router Advertisements (RA).
     • Automatic, DHCP only — Choose this option to not use RA, but request information from DHCPv6 directly to create a stateful configuration.
     • Link-Local Only — Choose this option if the network you are connecting to does not have a DHCP server and you do not want to assign IP addresses manually. Random addresses will be assigned as per RFC 4862 with prefix FE80::0.
     • Manual — Choose this option if you want to assign IP addresses manually.
     • Disable — IPv6 is disabled for this connection.
   • The DNS, Routes, Use this connection only for resources on its network fields are common to IPv4 settings.

5. To configure Security settings in a Wi-Fi connection, select the Security menu entry.

   Warning

   Do not connect to Wi-Fi networks without encryption or which support only the insecure WEP or WPA standards.

   The following configuration options are available:

   • Security

     • None — Encryption is disabled, and data is transferred in plain text over the network.
     • WEP 40/128-bit Key — Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), from the IEEE 802.11 standard. Uses a single pre-shared key (PSK).
     • WEP 128-bit Passphrase — An MD5 hash of the passphrase to derive a WEP key.
     • Dynamic WEP (802.1X) — WEP keys are changed dynamically.
     • LEAP — Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol, from Cisco Systems.
     • WPA & WPA2 Personal — Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), from the draft IEEE 802.11i standard. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2), from the 802.11i-2004 standard. Personal mode uses a pre-shared key (WPA-PSK).
     • WPA & WPA2 Enterprise — WPA and WPA 2 for use with a RADIUS authentication server to provide IEEE 802.1X network access control.
     • WPA3 Personal — Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) Personal uses Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) instead of pre-shared keys (PSK) to prevent dictionary attacks. WPA3 uses perfect forward secrecy.
   • Password — Enter the password to be used in the authentication process.
6. Once you have finished the configuration, click the Apply button to save it.

Procedure

1. To refresh the available Wi-Fi connection list:

   $ nmcli device wifi rescan

2. To view the available Wi-Fi access points:

   $ nmcli dev wifi list
   
   IN-USE  SSID      MODE   CHAN  RATE        SIGNAL  BARS  SECURITY
   ...
           MyCafe    Infra  3     405 Mbit/s  85      ▂▄▆█  WPA1 WPA2

3. To connect to a Wi-Fi connection using nmcli:

   $ nmcli dev wifi connect SSID-Name password wireless-password

   For example:

   $ nmcli dev wifi connect MyCafe password wireless-password

   Note that if you want to disable the Wi-Fi state:

   $ nmcli radio wifi off

Procedure

1. Open the GNOME Shell network connection icon menu from the top right-hand corner of the screen.
2. Select Wi-Fi Not Connected.
3. Click the Select Network option.

4. Click the name of the network to which you want to connect, and then click Connect.

   Note that if you do not see the network, the network might be hidden.

5. If the network is protected by a password or encryption keys are required, enter the password and click Connect.

   Note that if you do not know the password, contact the administrator of the Wi-Fi network.

6. If the connection is successful, the name of the network is visible in the connection icon menu and the wireless indicator is on the top right-hand corner of the screen.

Prerequisites

1. The network must have 802.1X network authentication.
2. The Wi-Fi connection profile exists in NetworkManager and has a valid IP configuration.
3. If the client is required to verify the certificate of the authenticator, the Certificate Authority (CA) certificate must be stored in the /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ directory.
4. The wpa_supplicant package is installed.

Procedure

1. Set the Wi-Fi security mode to wpa-eap, the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to peap, the inner authentication protocol to mschapv2, and the user name:

   # nmcli connection modify wpl1s0 wireless-security.key-mgmt wpa-eap 802-1x.eap peap 802-1x.phase2-auth mschapv2 802-1x.identity user_name

   Note that you must set the wireless-security.key-mgmt, 802-1x.eap, 802-1x.phase2-auth, and 802-1x.identity parameters in a single command.

2. Optionally, store the password in the configuration:

   # nmcli connection modify wpl1s0 802-1x.password password

   Important

   By default, NetworkManager stores the password in clear text in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/keys-connection_name file, that is readable only by the root user. However, clear text passwords in a configuration file can be a security risk.

   To increase the security, set the 802-1x.password-flags parameter to 0x1. With this setting, on servers with the GNOME desktop environment or the nm-applet running, NetworkManager retrieves the password from these services. In other cases, NetworkManager prompts for the password.

3. If the client is required to verify the certificate of the authenticator, set the 802-1x.ca-cert parameter in the connection profile to the path of the CA certificate:

   # nmcli connection modify wpl1s0 802-1x.ca-cert /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt

   Note

   For security reasons, Red Hat recommends using the certificate of the authenticator to enable clients to validate the identity of the authenticator.

4. Activate the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection up wpl1s0

Procedure

1. Display the network interfaces:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp1s0   ethernet  disconnected  enp1s0
   bridge0  bridge    connected     bridge0
   bond0    bond      connected     bond0
   ...

2. Create the VLAN interface. For example, to create a VLAN interface named vlan10 that uses enp1s0 as its parent interface and that tags packets with VLAN ID 10, enter:

   # nmcli connection add type vlan con-name vlan10 ifname vlan10 vlan.parent enp1s0 vlan.id 10

   Note that the VLAN must be within the range from 0 to 4094.

3. By default, the VLAN connection inherits the maximum transmission unit (MTU) from the parent interface. Optionally, set a different MTU value:

   # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ethernet.mtu 2000

4. Configure the IP settings of the VLAN device. Skip this step if you want to use this VLAN device as a port of other devices.

   1. Configure the IPv4 settings. For example, to set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv4.method manual

   2. Configure the IPv6 settings. For example, to set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server to the vlan10 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/32'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
      # nmcli connection modify vlan10 ipv6.method manual

5. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up vlan10

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the VLAN connection type, and click Create.

4. On the VLAN tab:

   1. Select the parent interface.
   2. Select the VLAN id. Note that the VLAN must be within the range from 0 to 4094.
   3. By default, the VLAN connection inherits the maximum transmission unit (MTU) from the parent interface. Optionally, set a different MTU value.

   4. Optionally, set the name of the VLAN interface and further VLAN-specific options.

      

5. Configure the IP settings of the VLAN device. Skip this step if you want to use this VLAN device as a port of other devices.

   1. On the IPv4 Settings tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:
   2. On the IPv6 Settings tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, and DNS server:
6. Click Save to save the VLAN connection.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification steps

1. Verify the settings:

   # ip -d addr show vlan10
   4: vlan10@enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:d5:e0:fb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
       vlan protocol 802.1Q id 10 <REORDER_HDR> numtxqueues 1 numrxqueues 1 gso_max_size 65536 gso_max_segs 65535
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute vlan10
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::8dd7:9030:6f8e:89e6/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-vlan.yml, with the following contents:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: vlan10
     type: vlan
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     vlan:
       base-iface: enp1s0
       id: 10
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: vlan10
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: vlan10
   
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-vlan.yml

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   vlan10      vlan      connected  vlan10

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show vlan10
   connection.id:              vlan10
   connection.uuid:            1722970f-788e-4f81-bd7d-a86bf21c9df5
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            vlan
   connection.interface-name:  vlan10
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show vlan0

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/vlan-ethernet.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure a VLAN that uses an Ethernet connection
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           # Add an Ethernet profile for the underlying device of the VLAN
           - name: enp1s0
             type: ethernet
             interface_name: enp1s0
             autoconnect: yes
             state: up
             ip:
               dhcp4: no
               auto6: no
   
           # Define the VLAN profile
           - name: enp1s0.10
             type: vlan
             ip:
               address:
                 - "192.0.2.1/24"
                 - "2001:db8:1::1/64"
               gateway4: 192.0.2.254
               gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
               dns:
                 - 192.0.2.200
                 - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
               dns_search:
                 - example.com
             vlan_id: 10
             parent: enp1s0
             state: up

   The parent attribute in the VLAN profile configures the VLAN to operate on top of the enp1s0 device.

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/vlan-ethernet.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/vlan-ethernet.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. Add a new Ethernet connection profile to NetworkManager:

   # nmcli connection add con-name Example ifname enp1s0 type ethernet

2. Configure the IPv4 settings:

   # nmcli connection modify Example ipv4.addresses 198.51.100.2/24 ipv4.method manual ipv4.gateway 198.51.100.254 ipv4.dns 198.51.100.200 ipv4.dns-search example.com

   Skip this step if the network uses DHCP.

3. Activate the Example connection:

   # nmcli connection up Example

Verification

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   enp1s0      ethernet  connected  Example

2. Ping a host in a remote network to verify the IP settings:

   # ping RHEL-host-B.example.com

   Note that you cannot ping the other VM host before you have configured the network on that host as well.

Procedure

1. Create the bridge br0:

   # nmcli connection add type bridge con-name br0 ifname br0 ipv4.method disabled ipv6.method disabled

   This command sets no IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on the bridge device, because this bridge works on layer 2.

2. Create the VXLAN interface and attach it to br0:

   # nmcli connection add type vxlan slave-type bridge con-name br0-vxlan10 ifname vxlan10 id 10 local 198.51.100.2 remote 203.0.113.1 master br0

   This command uses the following settings:

   • id 10: Sets the VXLAN identifier.
   • local 198.51.100.2: Sets the source IP address of outgoing packets.
   • remote 203.0.113.1: Sets the unicast or multicast IP address to use in outgoing packets when the destination link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device forwarding database.
   • master br0: Sets this VXLAN connection to be created as a port in the br0 connection.
   • ipv4.method disabled and ipv6.method disabled: Disables IPv4 and IPv6 on the bridge.

   By default, NetworkManager uses 8472 as the destination port. If the destination port is different, additionally, pass the destination-port <port_number> option to the command.

3. Activate the br0 connection profile:

   # nmcli connection up br0

4. Open port 8472 for incoming UDP connections in the local firewall:

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8472/udp
   # firewall-cmd --reload

Procedure

1. Create the ~/vxlan10-bridge.xml file with the following content:

   <network>
    <name>vxlan10-bridge</name>
    <forward mode="bridge" />
    <bridge name="br0" />
   </network>

2. Use the ~/vxlan10-bridge.xml file to create a new virtual network in libvirt:

   # virsh net-define ~/vxlan10-bridge.xml

3. Remove the ~/vxlan10-bridge.xml file:

   # rm ~/vxlan10-bridge.xml

4. Start the vxlan10-bridge virtual network:

   # virsh net-start vxlan10-bridge

5. Configure the vxlan10-bridge virtual network to start automatically when the libvirtd service starts:

   # virsh net-autostart vxlan10-bridge

Verification

1. Display the virtual network interfaces of the VM on the host:

   # virsh domiflist VM_name
    Interface   Type     Source           Model    MAC
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
    vnet1       bridge   vxlan10-bridge   virtio   52:54:00:c5:98:1c

2. Display the interfaces attached to the vxlan10-bridge bridge:

   # ip link show master vxlan10-bridge
   18: vxlan10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br0 state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 2a:53:bd:d5:b3:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   19: vnet1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br0 state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
       link/ether 52:54:00:c5:98:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   Note that the libvirtd service dynamically updates the bridge’s configuration. When you start a VM which uses the vxlan10-bridge network, the corresponding vnet* device on the host appears as a port of the bridge.

3. Use address resolution protocol (ARP) requests to verify whether VMs are in the same VXLAN:

   1. Start two or more VMs in the same VXLAN.

   2. Send an ARP request from one VM to the other one:

      # arping -c 1 192.0.2.2
      ARPING 192.0.2.2 from 192.0.2.1 enp1s0
      Unicast reply from 192.0.2.2 [52:54:00:c5:98:1c] 1.450ms
      Sent 1 probe(s) (0 broadcast(s))
      Received 1 response(s) (0 request(s), 0 broadcast(s))

      If the command shows a reply, the VM is in the same layer-2 domain and, in this case in the same VXLAN.

      Install the iputils package to use the arping utility.

Procedure

1. Create a bridge interface:

   # nmcli connection add type bridge con-name bridge0 ifname bridge0

   This command creates a bridge named bridge0, enter:

2. Display the network interfaces, and note the names of the interfaces you want to add to the bridge:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   bond0   bond      connected     bond0
   bond1   bond      connected     bond1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step.
   • bond0 and bond1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

3. Assign the interfaces to the bridge.

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the bridge are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master bridge0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bridge con-name bridge0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master bridge0

      These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the bridge0 connection.

   2. If you want to assign an existing connection profile to the bridge, set the master parameter of these connections to bridge0:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 master bridge0
      # nmcli connection modify bond1 master bridge0

      These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bond0 and bond1 to the bridge0 connection.

4. Configure the IP settings of the bridge. Skip this step if you want to use this bridge as a ports of other devices.

   1. Configure the IPv4 settings. For example, to set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain of the bridge0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv4.method manual

   2. Configure the IPv6 settings. For example, to set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain of the bridge0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 ipv6.method manual

5. Optional: Configure further properties of the bridge. For example, to set the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) priority of bridge0 to 16384, enter:

   # nmcli connection modify bridge0 bridge.priority '16384'

   By default, STP is enabled.

6. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bridge0

7. Verify that the ports are connected, and the CONNECTION column displays the port’s connection name:

   # nmcli device
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   ...
   enp7s0   ethernet  connected  bridge0-port1
   enp8s0   ethernet  connected  bridge0-port2

   When you activate any port of the connection, NetworkManager also activates the bridge, but not the other ports of it. You can configure that Red Hat Enterprise Linux enables all ports automatically when when the bridge is enabled:

   1. Enable the connection.autoconnect-slaves parameter of the bridge connection:

      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

   2. Reactivate the bridge:

      # nmcli connection up bridge0

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Bridge connection type, and click Create.

4. In the Bridge tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the bridge interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to create a new connection profile for a network interface and adding the profile as a port to the bridge.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optionally, set a connection name for the port device.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the bridge. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the bridge.

      

5. Optional: Configure further bridge settings, such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) options.

6. Configure the IP settings of the bridge. Skip this step if you want to use this bridge as a port of other devices.

   1. In the IPv4 Settings tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:

      

   2. In the IPv6 Settings tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:

      

7. Save the bridge connection.
8. Close nm-connection-editor.

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-bridge.yml, with the following contents:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: bridge0
     type: linux-bridge
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     bridge:
       options:
         stp:
           enabled: true
       port:
         - name: enp1s0
         - name: enp7s0
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: bridge0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: bridge0
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-bridge.yml

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   bridge0     bridge    connected  bridge0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show bridge0
   connection.id:              bridge0
   connection.uuid:            e2cc9206-75a2-4622-89cf-1252926060a9
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            bridge
   connection.interface-name:  bridge0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show bridge0

Procedure

1. Optional: Display the IP configuration of the team-team0 NetworkManager connection:

   # nmcli connection show team-team0 | egrep "^ip"
   ...
   ipv4.method:                            manual
   ipv4.dns:                               192.0.2.253
   ipv4.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv4.addresses:                         192.0.2.1/24
   ipv4.gateway:                           192.0.2.254
   ...
   ipv6.method:                            manual
   ipv6.dns:                               2001:db8:1::fffd
   ipv6.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv6.addresses:                         2001:db8:1::1/64
   ipv6.gateway:                           2001:db8:1::fffe
   ...

2. Export the configuration of the team0 device to a JSON file:

   # teamdctl team0 config dump actual > /tmp/team0.json

3. Remove the network team. For example, if you configured the team in NetworkManager, remove the team-team0 connection profile and the profiles of associated ports:

   # nmcli connection delete team-team0
   # nmcli connection delete team-team0-port1
   # nmcli connection delete team-team0-port2

4. Run the team2bond utility in dry-run mode to display nmcli commands that set up a network bond with similar settings as the team device:

   # team2bond --config=/tmp/team0.json --rename=bond0
   nmcli con add type bond ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup,num_grat_arp=1,num_unsol_na=1,resend_igmp=1,miimon=100,miimon=100"
   nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp7s0 master bond0
   nmcli con add type ethernet ifname enp8s0 master bond0

   The first command contains two miimon options because the team configuration file contained two link_watch entries. Note that this does not affect the creation of the bond.

   If you bound services to the device name of the team and want to avoid updating or breaking these services, omit the --rename=bond0 option. In this case, team2bond uses the same interface name for the bond as for the team.

5. Verify that the options for the bond the team2bond utility suggested are correct.

6. Create the bond. You can execute the suggested nmcli commands or re-run the team2bond command with the --exec-cmd option:

   # team2bond --config=/tmp/team0.json --rename=bond0 --exec-cmd
   Connection 'bond-bond0' (0241a531-0c72-4202-80df-73eadfc126b5) successfully added.
   Connection 'bond-slave-enp7s0' (38489729-b624-4606-a784-1ccf01e2f6d6) successfully added.
   Connection 'bond-slave-enp8s0' (de97ec06-7daa-4298-9a71-9d4c7909daa1) successfully added.

   You require the name of the bond connection profile (bond-bond0) in the next steps.

7. Set the IPv4 settings that were previously configured on team-team0 to the bond-bond0 connection:

   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv4.method manual

8. Set the IPv6 settings that were previously configured on team-team0 to the bond-bond0 connection:

   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
   # nmcli connection modify bond-bond0 ipv6.method manual

9. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bond-bond0

Verification

1. Display the IP configuration of the bond-bond0 NetworkManager connection:

   # nmcli connection show bond-bond0 | egrep "^ip"
   ...
   ipv4.method:                            manual
   ipv4.dns:                               192.0.2.253
   ipv4.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv4.addresses:                         192.0.2.1/24
   ipv4.gateway:                           192.0.2.254
   ...
   ipv6.method:                            manual
   ipv6.dns:                               2001:db8:1::fffd
   ipv6.dns-search:                        example.com
   ipv6.addresses:                         2001:db8:1::1/64
   ipv6.gateway:                           2001:db8:1::fffe
   ...

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
   Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v5.13.0-0.rc7.51.el9.x86_64
   
   Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
   Primary Slave: None
   Currently Active Slave: enp7s0
   MII Status: up
   MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
   Up Delay (ms): 0
   Down Delay (ms): 0
   Peer Notification Delay (ms): 0
   
   Slave Interface: enp7s0
   MII Status: up
   Speed: Unknown
   Duplex: Unknown
   Link Failure Count: 0
   Permanent HW addr: 52:54:00:bf:b1:a9
   Slave queue ID: 0
   
   Slave Interface: enp8s0
   MII Status: up
   Speed: Unknown
   Duplex: Unknown
   Link Failure Count: 0
   Permanent HW addr: 52:54:00:04:36:0f
   Slave queue ID: 0

   In this example, both ports are up.

3. To verify that bonding failover works:

   1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host. Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using the command line.

   2. Display the status of the bond:

      # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Create a team interface:

   # nmcli connection add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 team.runner activebackup

   This command creates a network team named team0 that uses the activebackup runner.

2. Optionally, set a link watcher. For example, to set the ethtool link watcher in the team0 connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool"

   Link watchers support different parameters. To set parameters for a link watcher, specify them space-separated in the name property. Note that the name property must be surrounded by quotes. For example, to use the ethtool link watcher and set its delay-up parameter to 2500 milliseconds (2.5 seconds):

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool delay-up=2500"

   To set multiple link watchers and each of them with specific parameters, the link watchers must be separated by a comma. The following example sets the ethtool link watcher with the delay-up parameter and the arp_ping link watcher with the source-host and target-host parameter:

   # nmcli connection modify team0 team.link-watchers "name=ethtool delay-up=2, name=arp_ping source-host=192.0.2.1 target-host=192.0.2.2"

3. Display the network interfaces, and note the names of the interfaces you want to add to the team:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE  TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0  ethernet  disconnected  --
   bond0   bond      connected  bond0
   bond1   bond      connected  bond1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a team that are not assigned to any connection.
   • bond0 and bond1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

4. Assign the port interfaces to the team:

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the team are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type team con-name team0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master team0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type team con-name team0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master team0

      . These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the team0 connection.

   2. To assign an existing connection profile to the team, set the master parameter of these connections to team0:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 master team0
      # nmcli connection modify bond1 master team0

      These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bond0 and bond1 to the team0 connection.

5. Configure the IP settings of the team. Skip this step if you want to use this team as a ports of other devices.

   1. Configure the IPv4 settings. For example, to set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain the team0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv4.method manual

   2. Configure the IPv6 settings. For example, to set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain of the team0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify team0 ipv6.method manual

6. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up team0

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Team connection type, and click Create.

4. In the Team tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the team interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to add a new connection profile for a network interface and adding the profile as a port to the team.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optional: Set a connection name for the port.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the team. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a team that are not assigned to any connection.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the team.

      

   4. Click the Advanced button to set advanced options to the team connection.

      1. In the Runner tab, select the runner.
      2. In the Link Watcher tab, set the link watcher and its optional settings.
      3. Click OK.

5. Configure the IP settings of the team. Skip this step if you want to use this team as a port of other devices.

   1. In the IPv4 Settings tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:
   2. In the IPv6 Settings tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:
6. Save the team connection.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Procedure

1. Create a bond interface:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup"

   This command creates a bond named bond0 that uses the active-backup mode.

   To additionally set a Media Independent Interface (MII) monitoring interval, add the miimon=interval option to the bond.options property. For example, to use the same command but, additionally, set the MII monitoring interval to 1000 milliseconds (1 second), enter:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup,miimon=1000"

2. Display the network interfaces, and note names of interfaces you plan to add to the bond:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
   enp7s0   ethernet  disconnected  --
   enp8s0   ethernet  disconnected  --
   bridge0  bridge    connected     bridge0
   bridge1  bridge    connected     bridge1
   ...

   In this example:

   • enp7s0 and enp8s0 are not configured. To use these devices as ports, add connection profiles in the next step.
   • bridge0 and bridge1 have existing connection profiles. To use these devices as ports, modify their profiles in the next step.

3. Assign interfaces to the bond:

   1. If the interfaces you want to assign to the bond are not configured, create new connection profiles for them:

      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port1 ifname enp7s0 master bond0
      # nmcli connection add type ethernet slave-type bond con-name bond0-port2 ifname enp8s0 master bond0

      These commands create profiles for enp7s0 and enp8s0, and add them to the bond0 connection.

   2. To assign an existing connection profile to the bond, set the master parameter of these connections to bond0:

      # nmcli connection modify bridge0 master bond0
      # nmcli connection modify bridge1 master bond0

      These commands assign the existing connection profiles named bridge0 and bridge1 to the bond0 connection.

4. Configure the IP settings of the bond. Skip this step if you want to use this bond as a port of other devices.

   1. Configure the IPv4 settings. For example, to set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.method manual

   2. Configure the IPv6 settings. For example, to set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection, enter:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
      # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.method manual

5. Activate the connection:

   # nmcli connection up bond0

6. Verify that the ports are connected, and the CONNECTION column displays the port’s connection name:

   # nmcli device
   DEVICE   TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   ...
   enp7s0   ethernet  connected  bond0-port1
   enp8s0   ethernet  connected  bond0-port2

   When you activate any port of the connection, NetworkManager also activates the bond, but not the other ports of it. You can configure that Red Hat Enterprise Linux enables all ports automatically when when the bond is enabled:

   1. Enable the connection.autoconnect-slaves parameter of the bond’s connection:

      # nmcli connection modify bond0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

   2. Reactivate the bridge:

      # nmcli connection up bond0

Verification steps

1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as nmcli, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle port configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter nm-connection-editor:

   $ nm-connection-editor

2. Click the + button to add a new connection.
3. Select the Bond connection type, and click Create.

4. In the Bond tab:

   1. Optional: Set the name of the bond interface in the Interface name field.

   2. Click the Add button to add a network interface as a port to the bond.

      1. Select the connection type of the interface. For example, select Ethernet for a wired connection.
      2. Optional: Set a connection name for the port.
      3. If you create a connection profile for an Ethernet device, open the Ethernet tab, and select in the Device field the network interface you want to add as a port to the bond. If you selected a different device type, configure it accordingly. Note that you can only use Ethernet interfaces in a bond that are not configured.
      4. Click Save.

   3. Repeat the previous step for each interface you want to add to the bond:

      

   4. Optional: Set other options, such as the Media Independent Interface (MII) monitoring interval.

5. Configure the IP settings of the bond. Skip this step if you want to use this bond as a port of other devices.

   1. In the IPv4 Settings tab, configure the IPv4 settings. For example, set a static IPv4 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:

      

   2. In the IPv6 Settings tab, configure the IPv6 settings. For example, set a static IPv6 address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain:

      

6. Click Save to save the bond connection.
7. Close nm-connection-editor.

Verification steps

1. Temporarily remove the network cable from the host.

   Note that there is no method to properly test link failure events using software utilities. Tools that deactivate connections, such as nmcli, show only the bonding driver’s ability to handle port configuration changes and not actual link failure events.

2. Display the status of the bond:

   # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Procedure

1. Create a YAML file, for example ~/create-bond.yml, with the following contents:

   ---
   interfaces:
   - name: bond0
     type: bond
     state: up
     ipv4:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 192.0.2.1
         prefix-length: 24
       dhcp: false
     ipv6:
       enabled: true
       address:
       - ip: 2001:db8:1::1
         prefix-length: 64
       autoconf: false
       dhcp: false
     link-aggregation:
       mode: active-backup
       port:
       - enp1s0
       - enp7s0
   - name: enp1s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   - name: enp7s0
     type: ethernet
     state: up
   
   routes:
     config:
     - destination: 0.0.0.0/0
       next-hop-address: 192.0.2.254
       next-hop-interface: bond0
     - destination: ::/0
       next-hop-address: 2001:db8:1::fffe
       next-hop-interface: bond0
   
   dns-resolver:
     config:
       search:
       - example.com
       server:
       - 192.0.2.200
       - 2001:db8:1::ffbb

2. Apply the settings to the system:

   # nmstatectl apply ~/create-bond.yml

Verification steps

1. Display the status of the devices and connections:

   # nmcli device status
   DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
   bond0       bond      connected  bond0

2. Display all settings of the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection show bond0
   connection.id:              bond0
   connection.uuid:            79cbc3bd-302e-4b1f-ad89-f12533b818ee
   connection.stable-id:       --
   connection.type:            bond
   connection.interface-name:  bond0
   ...

3. Display the connection settings in YAML format:

   # nmstatectl show bond0

Procedure

1. If the host on which you want to execute the instructions in the playbook is not yet inventoried, add the IP or name of this host to the /etc/ansible/hosts Ansible inventory file:

   node.example.com

2. Create the ~/bond-ethernet.yml playbook with the following content:

   ---
   - name: Configure a network bond that uses two Ethernet ports
     hosts: node.example.com
     become: true
     tasks:
     - include_role:
         name: rhel-system-roles.network
   
       vars:
         network_connections:
           # Define the bond profile
           - name: bond0
             type: bond
             interface_name: bond0
             ip:
               address:
                 - "192.0.2.1/24"
                 - "2001:db8:1::1/64"
               gateway4: 192.0.2.254
               gateway6: 2001:db8:1::fffe
               dns:
                 - 192.0.2.200
                 - 2001:db8:1::ffbb
               dns_search:
                 - example.com
             bond:
               mode: active-backup
             state: up
   
           # Add an Ethernet profile to the bond
           - name: bond0-port1
             interface_name: enp7s0
             type: ethernet
             controller: bond0
             state: up
   
           # Add a second Ethernet profile to the bond
           - name: bond0-port2
             interface_name: enp8s0
             type: ethernet
             controller: bond0
             state: up

3. Run the playbook:

   • To connect as root user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u root ~/bond-ethernet.yml

   • To connect as a user to the managed host, enter:

     # ansible-playbook -u user_name --ask-become-pass ~/bond-ethernet.yml

     The --ask-become-pass option makes sure that the ansible-playbook command prompts for the sudo password of the user defined in the -u user_name option.

   If you do not specify the -u user_name option, ansible-playbook connects to the managed host as the user that is currently logged in to the control node.

Procedure

1. Create a bond interface in active-backup mode:

   # nmcli connection add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 bond.options "mode=active-backup"

   This command names both the interface and connection profile bond0.

2. Configure the IPv4 settings of the bond:

   • If a DHCP server in your network assigns IPv4 addresses to hosts, no action is required.

   • If your local network requires static IPv4 addresses, set the address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.addresses '192.0.2.1/24'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.gateway '192.0.2.254'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns '192.0.2.253'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.dns-search 'example.com'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv4.method manual

3. Configure the IPv6 settings of the bond:

   • If your router or a DHCP server in your network assigns IPv6 addresses to hosts, no action is required.

   • If your local network requires static IPv6 addresses, set the address, network mask, default gateway, DNS server, and DNS search domain to the bond0 connection:

     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.addresses '2001:db8:1::1/64'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.gateway '2001:db8:1::fffe'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns '2001:db8:1::fffd'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.dns-search 'example.com'
     # nmcli connection modify bond0 ipv6.method manual

4. Display the connection profiles:

   # nmcli connection show
   NAME             UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
   Docking_station  256dd073-fecc-339d-91ae-9834a00407f9  ethernet  enp11s0u1
   Wi-Fi            1f1531c7-8737-4c60-91af-2d21164417e8  wifi      wlp61s0
   ...

   You require the names of the connection profiles and the Ethernet device name in the next steps.

5. Assign the connection profile of the Ethernet connection to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify Docking_station master bond0

6. Assign the connection profile of the Wi-Fi connection to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify Wi-Fi master bond0

7. If your Wi-Fi network uses MAC filtering to allow only MAC addresses on a allow list to access the network, configure that NetworkManager dynamically assigns the MAC address of the active port to the bond:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0 +bond.options fail_over_mac=1

   With this setting, you must set only the MAC address of the Wi-Fi device to the allow list instead of the MAC address of both the Ethernet and Wi-Fi device.

8. Set the device associated with the Ethernet connection as primary device of the bond:

   # nmcli con modify bond0 +bond.options "primary=enp11s0u1"

   With this setting, the bond always uses the Ethernet connection if it is available.

9. Configure that NetworkManager automatically activates ports when the bond0 device is activated:

   # nmcli connection modify bond0 connection.autoconnect-slaves 1

10. Activate the bond0 connection:

    # nmcli connection up bond0

1. WireGuard reads the destination IP from the packet and compares it to the list of allowed IP addresses in the local configuration. If the peer is not found, WireGuard drops the packet.
2. If the peer is valid, WireGuard encrypts the packet using the peer’s public key.
3. The sending host looks up the most recent Internet IP address of the host and sends the encrypted packet to it.

1. WireGuard decrypts the packet using private key of the remote host.
2. WireGuard reads the internal source address from the packet and looks up whether the IP is configured in the list of allowed IP addresses in the settings for the peer on the local host. If the source IP is on the allowlist, WireGuard accepts the packet. If the IP address is not on the list, WireGuard drops the packet.

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create a private key and a corresponding public key for the host:

   # wg genkey | tee /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key | wg pubkey > /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key

   You will need the content of the key files, but not the files themselves. However, Red Hat recommends keeping the files in case that you need to remember the keys in future.

3. Set secure permissions on the key files:

   # chmod 600 /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key

4. Display the private key:

   # cat /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.private.key
   YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg=

   You will need the private key to configure the WireGuard connection on the local host. Do not share the private key.

5. Display the public key:

   # cat /etc/wireguard/$HOSTNAME.public.key
   UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=

   You will need the public key to configure the WireGuard connection on the remote host.

Procedure

1. Add a NetworkManager WireGuard connection profile:

   # nmcli connection add type wireguard con-name server-wg0 ifname wg0 autoconnect no

   This command creates a profile named server-wg0 and assigns the virtual interface wg0 to it. To prevent the connection from starting automatically after you add it without finalizing the configuration, disable the autoconnect parameter.

2. Set the tunnel IPv4 address and subnet mask of the server:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.1/24

3. Set the tunnel IPv6 address and subnet mask of the server:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/32

4. Add the server’s private key to the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 wireguard.private-key "YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg="

5. Set the port for incoming WireGuard connections:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 wireguard.listen-port 51820

   Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the wg0 interface.

6. Add peer configurations for each client that you want to allow to communicate with this server. You must add these settings manually, because the nmcli utility does not support setting the corresponding connection properties.

   1. Edit the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/server-wg0.nmconnection file, and append:

      [wireguard-peer.bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=]
      allowed-ips=192.0.2.2;2001:db8:1::2;

      • The [wireguard-peer.<public_key_of_the_client>] entry defines the peer section of the client, and the section name contains the public key of the client.

      • The allowed-ips parameter sets the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

        Add a section for each client.

   2. Reload the server-wg0 connection profile:

      # nmcli connection load /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/server-wg0.nmconnection

7. Optional: Configure the connection to start automatically, enter:

   # nmcli connection modify server-wg0 autoconnect yes

8. Reactivate the server-wg0 connection:

   # nmcli connection up server-wg0

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Start the nmtui application:

   # nmtui

2. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
3. Select Add, and press Enter.
4. Select the WireGuard connection type in the list, and press Enter.

5. In the Edit connection window:

   1. Enter the name of the connection and the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter the private key of the server.

   3. Set the listen port number, such as 51820, for incoming WireGuard connections.

      Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the interface.

      

   4. Click Add next to the Peers pane:

      1. Enter the public key of the client.
      2. Set the Allowed IPs field to the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

      3. Select OK, and press Enter.

         

   5. Select Show next to IPv4 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv4 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   6. Select Show next to IPv6 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv6 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   7. Select OK, and press Enter

      
6. In the window with the list of connections, select Back, and press Enter.
7. In the NetworkManager TUI main window, select Quit, and press Enter.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   # nm-connection-editor

2. Add a new connection by clicking the + button.
3. Select the WireGuard connection type, and click Create.
4. Optional: Update the connection name.
5. On the General tab, select Connect automatically with priority. Optionally, set a priority value.

6. On the WireGuard tab:

   1. Enter the name of the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter the private key of the server.

   3. Set the listen port number, such as 51820, for incoming WireGuard connections.

      Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the interface.

   4. Click Add to add peers:

      1. Enter the public key of the client.
      2. Set the Allowed IPs field to the tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.
      3. Click Apply.

7. On the IPv4 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

8. On the IPv6 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.
9. Click Save to store the connection profile.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::3ef:8863:1ce2:844/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create the /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf file with the following content:

   [Interface]
   Address = 192.0.2.1/24, 2001:db8:1::1/32
   ListenPort = 51820
   PrivateKey = YFAnE0psgIdiAF7XR4abxiwVRnlMfeltxu10s/c4JXg=
   
   [Peer]
   PublicKey = bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
   AllowedIPs = 192.0.2.2, 2001:db8:1::2

   • The [Interface] section describes the WireGuard settings of the interface on the server:

     • Address: A comma-separated list of the server’s tunnel IP addresses.
     • PrivateKey: The private key of the server.

     • ListenPort: The port on which WireGuard listens for incoming UDP connections.

       Always set a fixed port number on hosts that receive incoming WireGuard connections. If you do not set a port, WireGuard uses a random free port each time you activate the wg0 interface.

   • Each [Peer] section describes the settings of one client:

     • PublicKey: The public key of the client.
     • AllowedIPs: The tunnel IP addresses of the client that are allowed to send data to this server.

3. Enable and start the WireGuard connection:

   # systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0

   The systemd instance name must match the name of the configuration file in the /etc/wireguard/ directory without the .conf suffix. The service also uses this name for the virtual network interface.

Verification

1. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.2/32, 2001:db8:1::2/128

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

2. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   20: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.1/24 scope global wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::1/32 scope global
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open the WireGuard port for incoming connections in the firewalld service:

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=51820/udp --zone=public

2. If clients should route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as the default gateway, enable masquerading for the public zone:

   # firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-masquerade

3. Reload the firewalld rules.

   # firewall-cmd --reload

Procedure

1. Press the Super key, enter firewall, and select the Firewall application from the results.
2. Select Permanent in the Configuration list.
3. Select the public zone.

4. Allow incoming connections to the WireGuard port:

   1. On the Ports tab, click Add.
   2. Enter the port number you set for incoming WireGuard connections:
   3. Select udp from the Protocol list.
   4. Click OK.

5. If clients should route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as the default gateway:

   1. Navigate to the Masquerading tab of the public zone.
   2. Select Masquerade zone.
6. Select Options → Reload Firewalld.

Procedure

1. Add a NetworkManager WireGuard connection profile:

   # nmcli connection add type wireguard con-name client-wg0 ifname wg0 autoconnect no

   This command creates a profile named client-wg0 and assigns the virtual interface wg0 to it. To prevent the connection from starting automatically after you add it without finalizing the configuration, disable the autoconnect parameter.

2. Optional: Configure NetworkManager so that it does not automatically start the client-wg connection:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 autoconnect no

3. Set the tunnel IPv4 address and subnet mask of the client:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.0.2.2/24

4. Set the tunnel IPv6 address and subnet mask of the client:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv6.method manual ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::2/32

5. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IP addresses of the server as the default gateway:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 ipv4.gateway 192.0.2.1 ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::1

6. Add the server’s private key to the connection profile:

   # nmcli connection modify client-wg0 wireguard.private-key "aPUcp5vHz8yMLrzk8SsDyYnV33IhE/k20e52iKJFV0A="

   1. Edit the /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/client-wg0.nmconnection file, and append:

      [wireguard-peer.UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=]
      endpoint=server.example.com:51820
      allowed-ips=192.0.2.1;2001:db8:1::1;
      persistent-keepalive=20

      • The [wireguard-peer.<public_key_of_the_server>] entry defines the peer section of the server, and the section name contains the public key of the server.
      • The endpoint parameter sets the hostname or IP address and the port of the server. The client uses this information to establish the connection.

      • The allowed-ips parameter sets a list of IP addresses that are allowed to send data to this client. For example, set the parameter to:

        • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client. The value in the example above configures this scenario.
        • 0.0.0.0/0;::/0; to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
      • The optional persistent-keepalive parameter defines an interval in seconds in which WireGuard sends a keepalive packet to the server. Set this parameter if you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity.

   2. Reload the client-wg0 connection profile:

      # nmcli connection load /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/client-wg0.nmconnection

7. Reactivate the client-wg0 connection:

   # nmcli connection up client-wg0

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output contains only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Start the nmtui application:

   # nmtui

2. Select Edit a connection, and press Enter.
3. Select Add, and press Enter.
4. Select the WireGuard connection type in the list, and press Enter.

5. In the Edit connection window:

   1. Enter the name of the connection and the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.

   2. Enter the private key of the client.

      

   3. Click Add next to the Peers pane:

      1. Enter the public key of the server.

      2. Set the Allowed IPs field. For example, set it to:

         • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client.
         • 0.0.0.0/0,::/0 to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
      3. Enter the host name or IP address and port of the WireGuard server into the Endpoint field. Use the following format: hostname_or_IP:port_number
      4. Optional: If you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity, set a persistent keep alive interval in seconds. In this interval, the client sends a keepalive packet to the server.

      5. Select OK, and press Enter.

         

   4. Select Show next to IPv4 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv4 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.

   5. Select Show next to IPv6 Configuration, and press Enter.

      1. Select the IPv6 configuration method Manual.
      2. Enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask. Leave the Gateway field empty.
   6. Optional: Select Automatically connect.

   7. Select OK, and press Enter

      
6. In the window with the list of connections, select Back, and press Enter.
7. In the NetworkManager TUI main window, select Quit, and press Enter.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output contains only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Open a terminal, and enter:

   # nm-connection-editor

2. Add a new connection by clicking the + button.
3. Select the WireGuard connection type, and click Create.
4. Optional: Update the connection name.
5. Optional: On the General tab, select Connect automatically with priority.

6. On the WireGuard tab:

   1. Enter the name of the virtual interface, such as wg0, that NetworkManager should assign to the connection.
   2. Enter client’s private key.

   3. Click Add to add peers:

      1. Enter the public key of the server.

      2. Set the Allowed IPs field. For example, set it to:

         • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client.
         • 0.0.0.0/0;::/0; to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
      3. Enter the hostname or IP address and port of the WireGuard server into the Endpoint field. Use the following format: hostname_or_IP:port_number
      4. Optional: If you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity, set a persistent keep alive interval in seconds. In this interval, the client sends a keepalive packet to the server.
      5. Click Apply.

7. On the IPv4 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv4 address and the subnet mask.
   3. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IPv4 address of the server in the Gateway field. Otherwise, leave the field empty.

8. On the IPv6 Settings tab:

   1. Select Manual in the Method list.
   2. Click Add to enter the tunnel IPv6 address and the subnet mask.
   3. If you want to route all traffic through the tunnel, set the tunnel IPv6 address of the server in the Gateway field. Otherwise, leave the field empty.
9. Click Save to store the connection profile.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output only contains the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 brd 192.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32 scope global noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::73d9:6f51:ea6f:863e/64 scope link noprefixroute
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Procedure

1. Install the wireguard-tools package:

   # dnf install wireguard-tools

2. Create the /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf file with the following content:

   [Interface]
   Address = 192.0.2.2/24, 2001:db8:1::2/32
   PrivateKey = aPUcp5vHz8yMLrzk8SsDyYnV33IhE/k20e52iKJFV0A=
   
   [Peer]
   PublicKey = UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
   AllowedIPs = 192.0.2.1, 2001:db8:1::1
   Endpoint = server.example.com:51820
   PersistentKeepalive = 20

   • The [Interface] section describes the WireGuard settings of the interface on the client:

     • Address: A comma-separated list of the client’s tunnel IP addresses.
     • PrivateKey: The private key of the client.

   • The [Peer] section describes the settings of the server:

     • PublicKey: The public key of the server.

     • AllowedIPs: The IP addresses that are allowed to send data to this client. For example, set the parameter to:

       • The tunnel IP addresses of the server to allow only the server to communicate with this client. The value in the example above configures this scenario.
       • 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 to allow any remote IPv4 and IPv6 address to communicate with this client. Use this setting to route all traffic through the tunnel and use the WireGuard server as default gateway.
     • Endpoint: Sets the hostname or IP address and the port of the server. The client uses this information to establish the connection.
     • The optional persistent-keepalive parameter defines an interval in seconds in which WireGuard sends a keepalive packet to the server. Set this parameter if you use the client in a network with network address translation (NAT) or if a firewall closes the UDP connection after some time of inactivity.

3. Enable and start the WireGuard connection:

   # systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0

   The systemd instance name must match the name of the configuration file in the /etc/wireguard/ directory without the .conf suffix. The service also uses this name for the virtual network interface.

Verification

1. Ping the IP addresses of the server:

   # ping 192.0.2.1
   # ping6 2001:db8:1::1

2. Display the interface configuration of the wg0 device:

   # wg show wg0
   interface: wg0
     public key: bnwfQcC8/g2i4vvEqcRUM2e6Hi3Nskk6G9t4r26nFVM=
     private key: (hidden)
     listening port: 51820
   
   peer: UtjqCJ57DeAscYKRfp7cFGiQqdONRn69u249Fa4O6BE=
     endpoint: server.example.com:51820
     allowed ips: 192.0.2.1/32, 2001:db8:1::1/128
     latest handshake: 1 minute, 41 seconds ago
     transfer: 824 B received, 1.01 KiB sent
     persistent keepalive: every 20 seconds

   To display the private key in the output, use the WG_HIDE_KEYS=never wg show wg0 command.

   Note that the output contains only the latest handshake and transfer entries if you have already sent traffic through the VPN tunnel.

3. Display the IP configuration of the wg0 device:

   # ip address show wg0
   10: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
       link/none
       inet 192.0.2.2/24 scope global wg0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 2001:db8:1::2/32__ scope global
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever