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20.15. Using PAM for Pass-Through Authentication

Many systems already have authentication mechanisms in place for Unix and Linux users. One of the most common authentication frameworks is Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). Since many networks already existing authentication services available, administrators may want to continue using those services. A PAM module can be configured to tell Directory Server to use an existing authentication store for LDAP clients.
PAM pass-through authentication in Red Hat Directory Server uses the PAM Pass-Through Authentication Plug-in, which enables the Directory Server to talk to the PAM service to authenticate LDAP clients.
PAM Pass-Through Authentication Process

Figure 20.3. PAM Pass-Through Authentication Process

Note

PAM pass-through authentication works together with account inactivation when authenticating users, assuming that the appropriate mapping method (ENTRY) is used. However, PAM pass-through authentication does not validate passwords against password policies set either globally or locally, because the passwords are set and stored in the PAM module, not in the Directory Server.

20.15.1. PAM Pass-Through Authentication Configuration Options

PAM pass-through authentication is configured in child entries beneath the PAM Pass-Through Authentication plug-in container entry. There can be multiple PAM pass-through authentication policies, applied to different suffixes or to different entries within suffixes.
There are several different areas that can be configured for PAM pass-through:
  • The suffixes that are controlled by the PAM pass-through authentication plug-in. This covers suffixes to exclude, suffixes to include, and how to handle a missing suffix.
  • Individual entries within the configured suffixes which are the target of the authentication configuration. By default, all entries within a suffix are included in the authentication scope, but it is possible to configure multiple, different PAM Pass-Through Auth plug-in instances and then apply different plug-in configuration to different users.
  • The PAM attribute mapping. The credentials that are offered to the Directory Server have to be mapped in some way to an LDAP entry and then, back to the credentials in the PAM service. This is done by defining a mapping method and then, optionally, which LDAP attribute to use to match the credentials.
  • General configuration such as using TLS connections, the PAM service to use, and whether to fallback to LDAP authentication if PAM authentication fails.

Note

There can be multiple configuration instances of the PAM Pass-Through Authentication plug-in. An instance of the PAM Pass-Through Authentication plug-in can be applied to a subset of user entries by using the pamFilter attribute to set an LDAP filter to search for the specific entries to use with the plug-in.
For a list of attributes you can set, see the PAM Pass Through Auth Plug-in Attributes section in the Red Hat Directory Server Configuration, Command, and File Reference.

20.15.1.1. Specifying the Suffixes to Target for PAM PTA

The PAM PTA plug-in is applied globally, to all suffixes, by default unless they are explicitly excluded. Excluding and including suffixes can help target what areas in the directory use PAM authentication instead of LDAP authentication.

Note

The target of a PAM pass-through authentication entry must be a suffix, not an arbitrary subtree. As described in Section 2.1, “Creating and Maintaining Suffixes”, a suffix is a subtree which is associated with a specific back end database, such as cn=config which is associated with the root suffix dc=example,dc=com which is associated with userRoot.
The pamExcludeSuffix attribute excludes a suffix. By default, only the configuration subtree (cn=config) is excluded. Alternatively, the PAM PTA plug-in can be applied to a suffix with the pamIncludeSuffix attribute. Both of these attributes are multi-valued.
If the include attribute is set, for example, all other suffixes are automatically excluded. Likewise, if an exclude attribute is set, all other suffixes are automatically included. 
pamExcludeSuffix: cn=config
With pamIncludeSuffix, only the given suffix is included and all others are automatically excluded. Since this attribute is multi-valued, more than one suffix can be included in the PAM evaluation by explicitly listing the suffixes. 
pamIncludeSuffix: ou=Engineering,dc=example,dc=com
pamIncludeSuffix: ou=QE,dc=example,dc=com
The pamMissingSuffix attribute tells the server how to handle a failure if the specified suffix (include or exclude) does not exist. If it is set to IGNORE, then if the suffix does not exist, the plug-in simply skips that suffix and tries the next. 
pamMissingSuffix: IGNORE
pamIncludeSuffix: ou=Engineering,dc=example,dc=com
pamIncludeSuffix: ou=Not Real,dc=example,dc=com

20.15.1.2. Applying Different PAM Pass-Through Authentication Configurations to Different Entries

By default, a PAM pass-through authentication policy applies to all entries within the designated suffixes. However, it is possible to specify an LDAP filter in the pamFilter attribute which identifies specific entries within the suffix to which to apply the PAM pass-through authentication policy.
This is useful for applying different PAM configurations or mapping methods to different user types, using multiple PAM pass-through authentication policies.

20.15.1.3. Setting PAM PTA Mappings

There has to be a way to connect the LDAP identity to the PAM identity. The first thing to define is the method to use to map the entries. There are three options: DN, RDN, and ENTRY. ENTRY uses a user-defined attribute in the entry.
Multiple mapping methods can be supplied in an ordered, space-separated list. The plug-in attempts to use each mapping method in the order listed until authentication succeeds or until it reaches the end of the list.
For example, this mapping method first maps the RDN method, then ENTRY, then DN, in the order the methods are listed: 
pamIDMapMethod: RDN ENTRY DN
The different mapping methods are listed in Table 20.4, “Mapping Methods for PAM Authentication”.

Note

Directory Server user account inactivation is only validated using the ENTRY mapping method. With RDN or DN, a Directory Server user whose account is inactivated can still bind to the server successfully.

Table 20.4. Mapping Methods for PAM Authentication

Mapping Description
RDN This method uses the value from the leftmost RDN in the bind DN. The mapping for this method is defined by Directory Server. This is the default mapping method, if none is given.
ENTRY This method pulls the value of the PAM identity from a user-defined attribute in the bind DN entry. The identity attribute is defined in the pamIDAttr attribute. For example: pamIDAttr: customPamUid
DN This method uses the full distinguished name from the bind DN. The mapping for this method is defined by Directory Server.

20.15.1.4. Configuring General PAM PTA Settings

Three general configuration settings can be set for PAM authentication:
  • The service name to send to PAM (pamService); this is the name of the configuration file to use in /etc/pam.d
  • Whether to require a secure connection (pamSecure)
  • Whether to fall back to LDAP authentication if PAM authentication fails (pamFallback) 
pamFallback: false
pamSecure: false
pamService: ldapserver

20.15.2. Configuring PAM Pass-Through Authentication

Note

There can be multiple configuration instances of the PAM Pass-Through Authentication plug-in. An instance of the PAM Pass-Through Authentication plug-in can be applied to a subset of user entries by using the pamFilter attribute to set an LDAP filter to search for the specific entries to use with the plug-in.
PAM pass-through authentication is configured through the command line.
  1. Make sure the PAM service is fully configured.
  2. Remove the pam_fprintd.so module from the PAM configuration file.

    Important

    The pam_fprintd.so module cannot be in the configuration file referenced by the pamService attribute of the PAM Pass-Through Authentication Plug-in configuration. Using the PAM fprintd module causes the Directory Server to hit the max file descriptor limit and can cause the Directory Server process to abort.
  3. Enable the plug-in: 
    # dsconf -D "cn=Directory Manager" ldap://server.example.com plugin set "PAM Pass-Through Auth Plugin" --enabled on
  4. Create the PAM Pass-Through Auth plug-in configuration entry. For example: 
    # dsconf -D "cn=Directory Manager" ldap://server.example.com plugin pass-through-auth pam-config "Admin PAM PTA Config" add --exclude-suffix="cn=config" --id_map_method="RDN ENTRY" --id-attr="customPamUid" --filter="(manager=uid=example_user,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com pamFallback: FALSE" --secure="TRUE" --service="ldapserver"
  5. Restart the instance: 
    # dsctl instance_name restart

20.15.3. Using PAM Pass-Through Authentication with Active Directory as the Back End

PAM pass-through authentication forwards the credentials from the Directory Server to the PAM service. One option is to set up and configure PAM modules specifically for Directory Server. Another option — and one which may be more repeatable and more convenient in some infrastructures — is to use the System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) to configure PAM. Because SSSD can use a variety of different identity stores, a lot of different servers or services can be used to provide credentials, including Active Directory.
Using pass-through authentication through SSSD is a daisy chain of services. The PAM PTA Plug-in is configured as normal. It points to the given PAM service file to use. This service file is managed by SSSD, and SSSD is configured to connect with whatever identity provider is required, even multiple providers.
PAM Pass-Through Authentication with SSSD

Figure 20.4. PAM Pass-Through Authentication with SSSD

To configure PAM pass-through authentication with Active Directory:
  1. Configure SSSD to use the Active Directory server as one of its identity providers.
    This configuration is covered in the Using Active Directory as an Identity Provider for SSSD section in the Windows Integration Guide.
  2. Enable the PAM Pass-Through Auth plug-in: 
    # dsconf -D "cn=Directory Manager" ldap://server.example.com plugin set "PAM Pass-Through Auth Plugin" --enabled on
  3. Create the PAM Pass-Through Auth plug-in configuration entry. For example: 
    # dsconf -D "cn=Directory Manager" ldap://server.example.com plugin pass-through-auth pam-config "AD PAM PTA Config" add --id_map_method="ENTRY" --id-attr="sAMAccountName" --service="system-auth"
  4. Restart the server to load the plug-in configuration. 
    # dsctl instance_name restart