The system crashes because of malicious kernel module

Issue

The system unexpectedly crashes with a call trace that makes no sense:

crash> bt
PID: 7273   TASK: ffff8802f4f85520  CPU: 5   COMMAND: "java"
…
 #8 [ffff8802f8bb3e60] page_fault at ffffffff8154aed5
    [exception RIP: strncmp+0x9]
    RIP: ffffffff812a1939  RSP: ffff8802f8bb3f18  RFLAGS: 00010206
    RAX: 0000000000000006  RBX: 00007f49eab853c8  RCX: 0000000000000000
    RDX: 0000000000000006  RSI: ffff8802f5527760  RDI: 00007f49eab853c8
    RBP: ffff8802f8bb3f18   R8: 00007f49e4023728   R9: 0000000000000000
    R10: 0000000000000000  R11: 0000000000000206  R12: ffff8802f4f85520
    R13: 0000000000000006  R14: ffff8802f5527760  R15: 0000000000000003
    ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff  CS: 0010  SS: 0018
 #9 [ffff8802f8bb3f80] system_call_fastpath at ffffffff8100b0d2
…

or:

crash> bt
PID: 6174   TASK: ffff8806318fcab0  CPU: 5   COMMAND: "java"
…
 #8 [ffff8805b4c2fdd0] page_fault at ffffffff8154e3e5
    [exception RIP: unknown or invalid address]
    RIP: ffffffffa042aa09  RSP: ffff8805b4c2fe88  RFLAGS: 00010282
    RAX: 0000000000000000  RBX: ffff8804d0bd6000  RCX: 00000000fffffff2
    RDX: ffffffffa042c3c8  RSI: ffffffffa042c4e1  RDI: 0000000000000001
    RBP: ffff8805b4c2fee8   R8: 160072730500edac   R9: 652e66732e74656e
    R10: 452e656863616368  R11: 3e0f746e656d656c  R12: 000000000065e96c
    R13: 00007f18c371f010  R14: ffff88062cd46580  R15: ffff8804d0bd6fc5
    ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff  CS: 0010  SS: 0018
 #9 [ffff8805b4c2fe90] do_mmap_pgoff at ffffffff81160b85
#10 [ffff8805b4c2ff00] fget_light_pos at ffffffff8119b2cf
#11 [ffff8805b4c2ff30] sys_write at ffffffff8119a8f1
…