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5.9. Customized Reporting for LVM
You can produce concise and customizable reports of LVM objects with the
pvs
, lvs
, and vgs
commands. The reports that these commands generate include one line of output for each object. Each line contains an ordered list of fields of properties related to the object. There are five ways to select the objects to be reported: by physical volume, volume group, logical volume, physical volume segment, and logical volume segment.
The following sections provide:
- A summary of command arguments you can use to control the format of the generated report.
- A list of the fields you can select for each LVM object.
- A summary of command arguments you can use to sort the generated report.
- Instructions for specifying the units of the report output.
5.9.1. Format Control
Whether you use the
pvs
, lvs
, or vgs
command determines the default set of fields displayed and the sort order. You can control the output of these commands with the following arguments:
- You can change what fields are displayed to something other than the default by using the
-o
argument. For example, the following output is the default display for thepvs
command (which displays information about physcial volumes).#
pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G /dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G /dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14GThe following command displays only the physical volume name and size.#
pvs -o pv_name,pv_size
PV PSize /dev/sdb1 17.14G /dev/sdc1 17.14G /dev/sdd1 17.14G - You can append a field to the output with the plus sign (+), which is used in combination with the -o argument.The following example displays the UUID of the physical volume in addition to the default fields.
#
pvs -o +pv_uuid
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree PV UUID /dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G onFF2w-1fLC-ughJ-D9eB-M7iv-6XqA-dqGeXY /dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G Joqlch-yWSj-kuEn-IdwM-01S9-X08M-mcpsVe /dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G yvfvZK-Cf31-j75k-dECm-0RZ3-0dGW-UqkCS - Adding the
-v
argument to a command includes some extra fields. For example, thepvs -v
command will display theDevSize
andPV UUID
fields in addition to the default fields.#
pvs -v
Scanning for physical volume names PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree DevSize PV UUID /dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 17.14G onFF2w-1fLC-ughJ-D9eB-M7iv-6XqA-dqGeXY /dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G 17.14G Joqlch-yWSj-kuEn-IdwM-01S9-XO8M-mcpsVe /dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 17.14G yvfvZK-Cf31-j75k-dECm-0RZ3-0dGW-tUqkCS - The
--noheadings
argument suppresses the headings line. This can be useful for writing scripts.The following example uses the--noheadings
argument in combination with thepv_name
argument, which will generate a list of all physical volumes.#
pvs --noheadings -o pv_name
/dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 - The
--separator separator
argument uses separator to separate each field.The following example separates the default output fields of thepvs
command with an equals sign (=).#
pvs --separator =
PV=VG=Fmt=Attr=PSize=PFree /dev/sdb1=new_vg=lvm2=a-=17.14G=17.14G /dev/sdc1=new_vg=lvm2=a-=17.14G=17.09G /dev/sdd1=new_vg=lvm2=a-=17.14G=17.14GTo keep the fields aligned when using theseparator
argument, use theseparator
argument in conjunction with the--aligned
argument.#
pvs --separator = --aligned
PV =VG =Fmt =Attr=PSize =PFree /dev/sdb1 =new_vg=lvm2=a- =17.14G=17.14G /dev/sdc1 =new_vg=lvm2=a- =17.14G=17.09G /dev/sdd1 =new_vg=lvm2=a- =17.14G=17.14G
You can use the
-P
argument of the lvs
or vgs
command to display information about a failed volume that would otherwise not appear in the output. For information on the output this argument yields, see Section 7.2, “Displaying Information on Failed Devices”.
For a full listing of display arguments, see the
pvs
(8), vgs
(8) and lvs
(8) man pages.
Volume group fields can be mixed with either physical volume (and physical volume segment) fields or with logical volume (and logical volume segment) fields, but physical volume and logical volume fields cannot be mixed. For example, the following command will display one line of output for each physical volume.
# vgs -o +pv_name
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree PV
new_vg 3 1 0 wz--n- 51.42G 51.37G /dev/sdc1
new_vg 3 1 0 wz--n- 51.42G 51.37G /dev/sdd1
new_vg 3 1 0 wz--n- 51.42G 51.37G /dev/sdb1
5.9.2. Object Selection
This section provides a series of tables that list the information you can display about the LVM objects with the
pvs
, vgs
, and lvs
commands.
For convenience, a field name prefix can be dropped if it matches the default for the command. For example, with the
pvs
command, name
means pv_name
, but with the vgs
command, name
is interpreted as vg_name
.
Executing the following command is the equivalent of executing
pvs -o pv_free
.
# pvs -o +free
PFree
17.14G
17.09G
17.14G
The pvs Command
Table 5.1, “pvs Display Fields” lists the display arguments of the
pvs
command, along with the field name as it appears in the header display and a description of the field.
Table 5.1. pvs Display Fields
Argument | Header | Description |
---|---|---|
dev_size | DevSize | The size of the underlying device on which the physical volume was created |
pe_start | 1st PE | Offset to the start of the first physical extent in the underlying device |
pv_attr | Attr | Status of the physical volume: (a)llocatable or e(x)ported. |
pv_fmt | Fmt | The metadata format of the physical volume (lvm2 or lvm1 ) |
pv_free | PFree | The free space remaining on the physical volume |
pv_name | PV | The physical volume name |
pv_pe_alloc_count | Alloc | Number of used physical extents |
pv_pe_count | PE | Number of physical extents |
pvseg_size | SSize | The segment size of the physical volume |
pvseg_start | Start | The starting physical extent of the physical volume segment |
pv_size | PSize | The size of the physical volume |
pv_tags | PV Tags | LVM tags attached to the physical volume |
pv_used | Used | The amount of space currently used on the physical volume |
pv_uuid | PV UUID | The UUID of the physical volume |
The
pvs
command displays the following fields by default: pv_name
, vg_name
, pv_fmt
, pv_attr
, pv_size
, pv_free
. The display is sorted by pv_name
.
# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.13G
Using the
-v
argument with the pvs
command adds the following fields to the default display: dev_size
, pv_uuid
.
# pvs -v
Scanning for physical volume names
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree DevSize PV UUID
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 17.14G onFF2w-1fLC-ughJ-D9eB-M7iv-6XqA-dqGeXY
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G 17.14G Joqlch-yWSj-kuEn-IdwM-01S9-XO8M-mcpsVe
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.13G 17.14G yvfvZK-Cf31-j75k-dECm-0RZ3-0dGW-tUqkCS
You can use the
--segments
argument of the pvs
command to display information about each physical volume segment. A segment is a group of extents. A segment view can be useful if you want to see whether your logical volume is fragmented.
The
pvs --segments
command displays the following fields by default: pv_name
, vg_name
, pv_fmt
, pv_attr
, pv_size
, pv_free
, pvseg_start
, pvseg_size
. The display is sorted by pv_name
and pvseg_size
within the physical volume.
# pvs --segments
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree Start SSize
/dev/hda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 37.16G 32.00M 0 1172
/dev/hda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 37.16G 32.00M 1172 16
/dev/hda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 37.16G 32.00M 1188 1
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 0 26
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 26 24
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 50 26
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 76 24
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 100 26
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 126 24
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 150 22
/dev/sda1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 16.75G 172 4217
/dev/sdb1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
/dev/sdc1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
/dev/sdd1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
/dev/sde1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
/dev/sdf1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
/dev/sdg1 vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G 0 4389
You can use the
pvs -a
command to see devices detected by LVM that have not been initialized as LVM physical volumes.
# pvs -a
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 -- 0 0
/dev/new_vg/lvol0 -- 0 0
/dev/ram -- 0 0
/dev/ram0 -- 0 0
/dev/ram2 -- 0 0
/dev/ram3 -- 0 0
/dev/ram4 -- 0 0
/dev/ram5 -- 0 0
/dev/ram6 -- 0 0
/dev/root -- 0 0
/dev/sda -- 0 0
/dev/sdb -- 0 0
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdc -- 0 0
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G
/dev/sdd -- 0 0
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G
The vgs Command
Table 5.2, “vgs Display Fields” lists the display arguments of the
vgs
command, along with the field name as it appears in the header display and a description of the field.
Table 5.2. vgs Display Fields
Argument | Header | Description |
---|---|---|
lv_count | #LV | The number of logical volumes the volume group contains |
max_lv | MaxLV | The maximum number of logical volumes allowed in the volume group (0 if unlimited) |
max_pv | MaxPV | The maximum number of physical volumes allowed in the volume group (0 if unlimited) |
pv_count | #PV | The number of physical volumes that define the volume group |
snap_count | #SN | The number of snapshots the volume group contains |
vg_attr | Attr | Status of the volume group: (w)riteable, (r)eadonly, resi(z)eable, e(x)ported, (p)artial and (c)lustered. |
vg_extent_count | #Ext | The number of physical extents in the volume group |
vg_extent_size | Ext | The size of the physical extents in the volume group |
vg_fmt | Fmt | The metadata format of the volume group (lvm2 or lvm1 ) |
vg_free | VFree | Size of the free space remaining in the volume group |
vg_free_count | Free | Number of free physical extents in the volume group |
vg_name | VG | The volume group name |
vg_seqno | Seq | Number representing the revision of the volume group |
vg_size | VSize | The size of the volume group |
vg_sysid | SYS ID | LVM1 System ID |
vg_tags | VG Tags | LVM tags attached to the volume group |
vg_uuid | VG UUID | The UUID of the volume group |
The
vgs
command displays the following fields by default: vg_name
, pv_count
, lv_count
, snap_count
, vg_attr
, vg_size
, vg_free
. The display is sorted by vg_name
.
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
new_vg 3 1 1 wz--n- 51.42G 51.36G
Using the
-v
argument with the vgs
command adds the following fields to the default display: vg_extent_size
, vg_uuid
.
# vgs -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "new_vg"
VG Attr Ext #PV #LV #SN VSize VFree VG UUID
new_vg wz--n- 4.00M 3 1 1 51.42G 51.36G jxQJ0a-ZKk0-OpMO-0118-nlwO-wwqd-fD5D32
The lvs Command
Table 5.3, “lvs Display Fields” lists the display arguments of the
lvs
command, along with the field name as it appears in the header display and a description of the field.
Table 5.3. lvs Display Fields
Argument | Header | Description | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chunk | Unit size in a snapshot volume | ||||||
copy_percent | Copy% | The synchronization percentage of a mirrored logical volume; also used when physical extents are being moved with the pv_move command | ||||||
devices | Devices | The underlying devices that make up the logical volume: the physical volumes, logical volumes, and start physical extents and logical extents | ||||||
lv_attr | Attr | The status of the logical volume. The logical volume attribute bits are as follows:
| ||||||
lv_kernel_major | KMaj | Actual major device number of the logical volume (-1 if inactive) | ||||||
lv_kernel_minor | KMIN | Actual minor device number of the logical volume (-1 if inactive) | ||||||
lv_major | Maj | The persistent major device number of the logical volume (-1 if not specified) | ||||||
lv_minor | Min | The persistent minor device number of the logical volume (-1 if not specified) | ||||||
lv_name | LV | The name of the logical volume | ||||||
lv_size | LSize | The size of the logical volume | ||||||
lv_tags | LV Tags | LVM tags attached to the logical volume | ||||||
lv_uuid | LV UUID | The UUID of the logical volume. | ||||||
mirror_log | Log | Device on which the mirror log resides | ||||||
modules | Modules | Corresponding kernel device-mapper target necessary to use this logical volume | ||||||
move_pv | Move | Source physical volume of a temporary logical volume created with the pvmove command | ||||||
origin | Origin | The origin device of a snapshot volume | ||||||
| Region | The unit size of a mirrored logical volume | ||||||
seg_count | #Seg | The number of segments in the logical volume | ||||||
seg_size | SSize | The size of the segments in the logical volume | ||||||
seg_start | Start | Offset of the segment in the logical volume | ||||||
seg_tags | Seg Tags | LVM tags attached to the segments of the logical volume | ||||||
segtype | Type | The segment type of a logical volume (for example: mirror, striped, linear) | ||||||
snap_percent | Snap% | Current percentage of a snapshot volume that is in use | ||||||
stripes | #Str | Number of stripes or mirrors in a logical volume | ||||||
| Stripe | Unit size of the stripe in a striped logical volume |
The
lvs
command displays the following fields by default: lv_name
, vg_name
, lv_attr
, lv_size
, origin
, snap_percent
, move_pv
, mirror_log
, copy_percent
, convert_lv
. The default display is sorted by vg_name
and lv_name
within the volume group.
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
lvol0 new_vg owi-a- 52.00M
newvgsnap1 new_vg swi-a- 8.00M lvol0 0.20
Using the
-v
argument with the lvs
command adds the following fields to the default display: seg_count
, lv_major
, lv_minor
, lv_kernel_major
, lv_kernel_minor
, lv_uuid
.
# lvs -v
Finding all logical volumes
LV VG #Seg Attr LSize Maj Min KMaj KMin Origin Snap% Move Copy% Log Convert LV UUID
lvol0 new_vg 1 owi-a- 52.00M -1 -1 253 3 LBy1Tz-sr23-OjsI-LT03-nHLC-y8XW-EhCl78
newvgsnap1 new_vg 1 swi-a- 8.00M -1 -1 253 5 lvol0 0.20 1ye1OU-1cIu-o79k-20h2-ZGF0-qCJm-CfbsIx
You can use the
--segments
argument of the lvs
command to display information with default columns that emphasize the segment information. When you use the segments
argument, the seg
prefix is optional. The lvs --segments
command displays the following fields by default: lv_name
, vg_name
, lv_attr
, stripes
, segtype
, seg_size
. The default display is sorted by vg_name
, lv_name
within the volume group, and seg_start
within the logical volume. If the logical volumes were fragmented, the output from this command would show that.
# lvs --segments
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 1 linear 36.62G
LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 1 linear 512.00M
lv vg -wi-a- 1 linear 104.00M
lv vg -wi-a- 1 linear 104.00M
lv vg -wi-a- 1 linear 104.00M
lv vg -wi-a- 1 linear 88.00M
Using the
-v
argument with the lvs --segments
command adds the following fields to the default display: seg_start
, stripesize
, chunksize
.
# lvs -v --segments
Finding all logical volumes
LV VG Attr Start SSize #Str Type Stripe Chunk
lvol0 new_vg owi-a- 0 52.00M 1 linear 0 0
newvgsnap1 new_vg swi-a- 0 8.00M 1 linear 0 8.00K
The following example shows the default output of the
lvs
command on a system with one logical volume configured, followed by the default output of the lvs
command with the segments
argument specified.
#lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% lvol0 new_vg -wi-a- 52.00M #lvs --segments
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize lvol0 new_vg -wi-a- 1 linear 52.00M
5.9.3. Sorting LVM Reports
Normally the entire output of the
lvs
, vgs
, or pvs
command has to be generated and stored internally before it can be sorted and columns aligned correctly. You can specify the --unbuffered
argument to display unsorted output as soon as it is generated.
To specify an alternative ordered list of columns to sort on, use the
-O
argument of any of the reporting commands. It is not necessary to include these fields within the output itself.
The following example shows the output of the
pvs
command that displays the physical volume name, size, and free space.
# pvs -o pv_name,pv_size,pv_free
PV PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdc1 17.14G 17.09G
/dev/sdd1 17.14G 17.14G
The following example shows the same output, sorted by the free space field.
# pvs -o pv_name,pv_size,pv_free -O pv_free
PV PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 17.14G 17.09G
/dev/sdd1 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdb1 17.14G 17.14G
The following example shows that you do not need to display the field on which you are sorting.
# pvs -o pv_name,pv_size -O pv_free
PV PSize
/dev/sdc1 17.14G
/dev/sdd1 17.14G
/dev/sdb1 17.14G
To display a reverse sort, precede a field you specify after the
-O
argument with the -
character.
# pvs -o pv_name,pv_size,pv_free -O -pv_free
PV PSize PFree
/dev/sdd1 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdb1 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdc1 17.14G 17.09G
5.9.4. Specifying Units
To specify the unit for the LVM report display, use the
--units
argument of the report command. You can specify (b)ytes, (k)ilobytes, (m)egabytes, (g)igabytes, (t)erabytes, (e)xabytes, (p)etabytes, and (h)uman-readable. The default display is human-readable. You can override the default by setting the units
parameter in the global
section of the lvm.conf
file.
The following example specifies the output of the
pvs
command in megabytes rather than the default gigabytes.
# pvs --units m
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda1 lvm2 -- 17555.40M 17555.40M
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17552.00M 17552.00M
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17552.00M 17500.00M
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17552.00M 17552.00M
By default, units are displayed in powers of 2 (multiples of 1024). You can specify that units be displayed in multiples of 1000 by capitalizing the unit specification (B, K, M, G, T, H).
The following command displays the output as a multiple of 1024, the default behavior.
# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.09G
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 17.14G 17.14G
The following command displays the output as a multiple of 1000.
# pvs --units G
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 18.40G 18.40G
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 18.40G 18.35G
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 18.40G 18.40G
You can also specify (s)ectors (defined as 512 bytes) or custom units.
The following example displays the output of the
pvs
command as a number of sectors.
# pvs --units s
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 35946496S 35946496S
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 35946496S 35840000S
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 35946496S 35946496S
The following example displays the output of the
pvs
command in units of 4 megabytes.
# pvs --units 4m
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 new_vg lvm2 a- 4388.00U 4388.00U
/dev/sdc1 new_vg lvm2 a- 4388.00U 4375.00U
/dev/sdd1 new_vg lvm2 a- 4388.00U 4388.00U