Copyright © 2012 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved. Moderate 2026-07-01T00:00:00 kernel: netfilter: nf_conntrack: destroy stale expectfn expectations on unregister 5.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H CWE-825

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack: destroy stale expectfn expectations on unregister NAT helpers such as nf_nat_h323 store a raw pointer to module text in exp->expectfn (e.g. ip_nat_q931_expect). nf_ct_helper_expectfn_unregister() only unlinks the callback descriptor and never walks the expectation table, so an expectation pending at module removal survives with a dangling exp->expectfn into freed module text. When the expected connection arrives, init_conntrack() invokes exp->expectfn(), now a stale pointer into the unloaded module. Reproduced on a KASAN build by loading the H.323 helpers, creating a Q.931 expectation, unloading nf_nat_h323, then connecting to the expected port: Oops: int3: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI RIP: 0010:0xffffffffa06102d1 init_conntrack.isra.0 (net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:1862) nf_conntrack_in (net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:2049) ipv4_conntrack_local (net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto.c:223) nf_hook_slow (net/netfilter/core.c:619) __ip_local_out (net/ipv4/ip_output.c:120) __tcp_transmit_skb (net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1715) tcp_connect (net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:4374) tcp_v4_connect (net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:345) __sys_connect (net/socket.c:2167) Modules linked in: nf_conntrack_h323 [last unloaded: nf_nat_h323] Reaching the dangling state requires CAP_SYS_MODULE in the initial user namespace to remove a NAT helper that still has live expectations, so this is a robustness fix; leaving an expectation pointing at freed text is wrong regardless. Add nf_ct_helper_expectfn_destroy(), which walks the expectation table and drops every expectation whose ->expectfn matches the descriptor being torn down. Call it from each NAT helper's exit path after the existing RCU grace period, so no expectation outlives the code it points at and no extra synchronize_rcu() is introduced. With the fix, the same reproducer runs to completion without the Oops.

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's netfilter component, specifically within `nf_conntrack`. When Network Address Translation (NAT) helpers are unregistered, a pending expectation can retain a pointer to freed module memory. If a connection matching this expectation arrives after the module is unloaded, the system may attempt to execute code from the freed memory, leading to a system crash (Denial of Service). Exploitation of this vulnerability requires specific privileges to unload NAT helper modules.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Fix deferred kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Out of support scope kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Fix deferred kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Fix deferred kernel-rt Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Fix deferred kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Fix deferred kernel-rt Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Fix deferred kernel Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Fix deferred kernel-rt https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53349 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53349 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026070146-CVE-2026-53349-a347@gregkh/T