{
  "threat_severity" : "Moderate",
  "public_date" : "2026-03-26T16:16:25Z",
  "bugzilla" : {
    "description" : "path-to-regexp: path-to-regexp: Denial of Service via catastrophic backtracking from malformed URL parameters",
    "id" : "2451783",
    "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451783"
  },
  "cvss3" : {
    "cvss3_base_score" : "5.3",
    "cvss3_scoring_vector" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
    "status" : "draft"
  },
  "cwe" : "CWE-1333",
  "details" : [ "Impact:\nA bad regular expression is generated any time you have three or more parameters within a single segment, separated by something that is not a period (.). For example, /:a-:b-:c or /:a-:b-:c-:d. The backtrack protection added in path-to-regexp@0.1.12 only prevents ambiguity for two parameters. With three or more, the generated lookahead does not block single separator characters, so capture groups overlap and cause catastrophic backtracking.\nPatches:\nUpgrade to path-to-regexp@0.1.13\nCustom regex patterns in route definitions (e.g., /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+)) are not affected because they override the default capture group.\nWorkarounds:\nAll versions can be patched by providing a custom regular expression for parameters after the first in a single segment. As long as the custom regular expression does not match the text before the parameter, you will be safe. For example, change /:a-:b-:c to /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+).\nIf paths cannot be rewritten and versions cannot be upgraded, another alternative is to limit the URL length.", "A flaw was found in path-to-regexp. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious URL with three or more parameters in a single segment, separated by non-period characters. This causes the component to generate a bad regular expression, leading to catastrophic backtracking. The overlapping capture groups can consume excessive processing resources, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the affected application." ],
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  "references" : [ "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-4867\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4867\nhttps://blakeembrey.com/posts/2024-09-web-redos\nhttps://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html\nhttps://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9wv6-86v2-598j" ],
  "name" : "CVE-2026-4867",
  "mitigation" : {
    "value" : "To mitigate this issue, applications using `path-to-regexp` can implement custom regular expressions for parameters beyond the first in a single URL segment. For example, a route like `/:a-:b-:c` can be rewritten as `/:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+)`. Alternatively, limiting the maximum length of incoming URLs can also reduce the risk of exploitation. These changes require application-level configuration and may necessitate a service restart to take effect.",
    "lang" : "en:us"
  },
  "csaw" : false
}