{ "threat_severity" : "Moderate", "public_date" : "2026-02-12T04:39:42Z", "bugzilla" : { "description" : "qs: qs's arrayLimit bypass in comma parsing allows denial of service", "id" : "2439353", "url" : "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2439353" }, "cvss3" : { "cvss3_base_score" : "5.3", "cvss3_scoring_vector" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L", "status" : "draft" }, "cwe" : "CWE-179", "details" : [ "### Summary\nThe `arrayLimit` option in qs does not enforce limits for comma-separated values when `comma: true` is enabled, allowing attackers to cause denial-of-service via memory exhaustion. This is a bypass of the array limit enforcement, similar to the bracket notation bypass addressed in GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p (CVE-2025-15284).\n### Details\nWhen the `comma` option is set to `true` (not the default, but configurable in applications), qs allows parsing comma-separated strings as arrays (e.g., `?param=a,b,c` becomes `['a', 'b', 'c']`). However, the limit check for `arrayLimit` (default: 20) and the optional throwOnLimitExceeded occur after the comma-handling logic in `parseArrayValue`, enabling a bypass. This permits creation of arbitrarily large arrays from a single parameter, leading to excessive memory allocation.\n**Vulnerable code** (lib/parse.js: lines ~40-50):\n```js\nif (val && typeof val === 'string' && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') > -1) {\n    return val.split(',');\n}\nif (options.throwOnLimitExceeded && currentArrayLength >= options.arrayLimit) {\n    throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');\n}\nreturn val;\n```\nThe `split(',')` returns the array immediately, skipping the subsequent limit check. Downstream merging via `utils.combine` does not prevent allocation, even if it marks overflows for sparse arrays.This discrepancy allows attackers to send a single parameter with millions of commas (e.g., `?param=,,,,,,,,...`), allocating massive arrays in memory without triggering limits. It bypasses the intent of `arrayLimit`, which is enforced correctly for indexed (`a[0]=`) and bracket (`a[]=`) notations (the latter fixed in v6.14.1 per GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p).\n### PoC\n**Test 1 - Basic bypass:**\n```\nnpm install qs\n```\n```js\nconst qs = require('qs');\nconst payload = 'a=' + ','.repeat(25); // 26 elements after split (bypasses arrayLimit: 5)\nconst options = { comma: true, arrayLimit: 5, throwOnLimitExceeded: true };\ntry {\n  const result = qs.parse(payload, options);\n  console.log(result.a.length); // Outputs: 26 (bypass successful)\n} catch (e) {\n  console.log('Limit enforced:', e.message); // Not thrown\n}\n```\n**Configuration:**\n- `comma: true`\n- `arrayLimit: 5`\n- `throwOnLimitExceeded: true`\nExpected: Throws \"Array limit exceeded\" error.\nActual: Parses successfully, creating an array of length 26.\n### Impact\nDenial of Service (DoS) via memory exhaustion.", "A denial of service flaw has been discovered in the qs npm package. When the `comma` option is set to `true` (not the default, but configurable in applications), qs allows parsing comma-separated strings as arrays (e.g., `?param=a,b,c` becomes `['a', 'b', 'c']`). However, the limit check for `arrayLimit` (default: 20) and the optional throwOnLimitExceeded occur after the comma-handling logic in `parseArrayValue`, enabling a bypass. This permits creation of arbitrarily large arrays from a single parameter, leading to excessive memory allocation." ], "statement" : "The availability impact of this flaw is limited to the active `qs` process on Red Hat systems. Host operating systems are not at risk of availability degradation due to this flaw.", "package_state" : [ { "product_name" : "Cryostat 4", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "cryostat/cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-rhel9", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4" }, { "product_name" : "Cryostat 4", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "io.cryostat-cryostat", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4" }, { "product_name" : "Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "openshift-logging/cluster-logging-operator-bundle", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5" }, { "product_name" : "Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "openshift-logging/cluster-logging-rhel9-operator", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5" }, { "product_name" : "Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "openshift-logging/elasticsearch6-rhel9", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5" 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Foundation 4", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "odf4/mcg-core-rhel9", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4" }, { "product_name" : "Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "devspaces/dashboard-rhel9", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3" }, { "product_name" : "Red Hat Process Automation 7", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "org.kie-process-migration-service", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7" }, { "product_name" : "Red Hat Process Automation 7", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "org.kie.workbench-kie-wb-common", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7" }, { "product_name" : "Red Hat Process Automation 7", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "org.uberfire-uberfire-parent", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7" }, { "product_name" : "Red Hat Quay 3", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "quay/quay-rhel8", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3" }, { "product_name" : "streams for Apache Kafka 2", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "com.github.streamshub-console", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2" }, { "product_name" : "streams for Apache Kafka 3", "fix_state" : "Fix deferred", "package_name" : "com.github.streamshub-console", "cpe" : "cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3" } ], "references" : [ "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-2391\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2391\nhttps://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/f6a7abff1f13d644db9b05fe4f2c98ada6bf8482\nhttps://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-w7fw-mjwx-w883" ], "name" : "CVE-2026-2391", "mitigation" : { "value" : "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.", "lang" : "en:us" }, "csaw" : false }