<Vulnerability name="CVE-2026-23402">
    <DocumentDistribution xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2012 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.</DocumentDistribution>
    <ThreatSeverity>Low</ThreatSeverity>
    <PublicDate>2026-04-01T00:00:00</PublicDate>
    <Bugzilla id="2453800" url="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2453800" xml:lang="en:us">
kernel: KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE
    </Bugzilla>
    <CVSS3 status="draft">
        <CVSS3BaseScore>5.5</CVSS3BaseScore>
        <CVSS3ScoringVector>CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H</CVSS3ScoringVector>
    </CVSS3>
    <CWE>CWE-501</CWE>
    <Details xml:lang="en:us" source="Mitre">
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE

Adjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a
another SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,
i.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM
to overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes
from outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected
by KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.

  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)
  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872
  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass
  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]
  Call Trace:
   &lt;TASK&gt;
   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]
   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]
   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]
   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]
   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]
   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]
   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0
   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
   &lt;/TASK&gt;
  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
    </Details>
    <Details xml:lang="en:us" source="Red Hat">
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) module. This vulnerability allows a host user to bypass KVM's memory management rules by overwriting critical memory structures. This can lead to a compromise of the virtual machine's memory integrity, potentially causing system instability or unexpected behavior within virtualized environments.
    </Details>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10</ProductName>
        <FixState>Fix deferred</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel-rt</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel-rt</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <PackageState cpe="cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9">
        <ProductName>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9</ProductName>
        <FixState>Not affected</FixState>
        <PackageName>kernel-rt</PackageName>
    </PackageState>
    <References xml:lang="en:us">
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23402
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23402
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040110-CVE-2026-23402-c852@gregkh/T
    </References>
</Vulnerability>