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28.4. Kickstart 的選項
The following options can be placed in a kickstart file. If you prefer to use a graphical interface for creating your kickstart file, use the Kickstart Configurator application. Refer to 章 29, Kickstart Configurator for details.
注意
如果選項後面接著一個等號(=),必須在其後指定一個數值。在範例的指令中,括號([])中的選項是該指令非必選的參數。
autopart
(非必選的)ignoredisk
(非必選的)- Causes the installer to ignore the specified disks. This is useful if you use autopartition and want to be sure that some disks are ignored. For example, without
ignoredisk
, attempting to deploy on a SAN-cluster the kickstart would fail, as the installer detects passive paths to the SAN that return no partition table.ignoredisk
選項適用於當您的磁碟有多重路徑時。語法為:ignoredisk --drives=drive1,drive2,...
driveN 為sda
,sdb
,...,hda
,... 等等。 autostep
(非必選的)--autoscreenshot
— Take a screenshot at every step during installation and copy the images over to/root/anaconda-screenshots
after installation is complete. This is most useful for documentation.
auth
orauthconfig
(必選的)- Sets up the authentication options for the system. It is similar to the
authconfig
command, which can be run after the install. By default, passwords are normally encrypted and are not shadowed.--enablemd5
— Use md5 encryption for user passwords.--enablenis
— Turns on NIS support. By default,--enablenis
uses whatever domain it finds on the network. A domain should almost always be set by hand with the--nisdomain=
option.--nisdomain=
— NIS domain name to use for NIS services.--nisserver=
— Server to use for NIS services (broadcasts by default).--useshadow
or--enableshadow
— Use shadow passwords.--enableldap
— Turns on LDAP support in/etc/nsswitch.conf
, allowing your system to retrieve information about users (UIDs, home directories, shells, etc.) from an LDAP directory. To use this option, you must install thenss_ldap
package. You must also specify a server and a base DN (distinguished name) with--ldapserver=
and--ldapbasedn=
.--enableldapauth
— Use LDAP as an authentication method. This enables thepam_ldap
module for authentication and changing passwords, using an LDAP directory. To use this option, you must have thenss_ldap
package installed. You must also specify a server and a base DN with--ldapserver=
and--ldapbasedn=
.--ldapserver=
— If you specified either--enableldap
or--enableldapauth
, use this option to specify the name of the LDAP server to use. This option is set in the/etc/ldap.conf
file.--ldapbasedn=
— If you specified either--enableldap
or--enableldapauth
, use this option to specify the DN in your LDAP directory tree under which user information is stored. This option is set in the/etc/ldap.conf
file.--enableldaptls
— Use TLS (Transport Layer Security) lookups. This option allows LDAP to send encrypted usernames and passwords to an LDAP server before authentication.--enablekrb5
— Use Kerberos 5 for authenticating users. Kerberos itself does not know about home directories, UIDs, or shells. If you enable Kerberos, you must make users' accounts known to this workstation by enabling LDAP, NIS, or Hesiod or by using the/usr/sbin/useradd
command. If you use this option, you must have thepam_krb5
package installed.--krb5realm=
— The Kerberos 5 realm to which your workstation belongs.--krb5kdc=
— The KDC (or KDCs) that serve requests for the realm. If you have multiple KDCs in your realm, separate their names with commas (,).--krb5adminserver=
— The KDC in your realm that is also running kadmind. This server handles password changing and other administrative requests. This server must be run on the master KDC if you have more than one KDC.--enablehesiod
— Enable Hesiod support for looking up user home directories, UIDs, and shells. More information on setting up and using Hesiod on your network is in/usr/share/doc/glibc-2.x.x/README.hesiod
, which is included in theglibc
package. Hesiod is an extension of DNS that uses DNS records to store information about users, groups, and various other items.--hesiodlhs
— The Hesiod LHS ("left-hand side") option, set in/etc/hesiod.conf
. This option is used by the Hesiod library to determine the name to search DNS for when looking up information, similar to LDAP's use of a base DN.--hesiodrhs
— The Hesiod RHS ("right-hand side") option, set in/etc/hesiod.conf
. This option is used by the Hesiod library to determine the name to search DNS for when looking up information, similar to LDAP's use of a base DN.注意
To look up user information for "jim", the Hesiod library looks up jim.passwd<LHS><RHS>, which should resolve to a TXT record that looks like what his passwd entry would look like (jim:*:501:501:Jungle Jim:/home/jim:/bin/bash
). For groups, the situation is identical, except jim.group<LHS><RHS> would be used.Looking up users and groups by number is handled by making "501.uid" a CNAME for "jim.passwd", and "501.gid" a CNAME for "jim.group". Note that the library does not place a period . in front of the LHS and RHS values when performing a search. Therefore the LHS and RHS values need to have a period placed in front of them in order if they require this.--enablesmbauth
— Enables authentication of users against an SMB server (typically a Samba or Windows server). SMB authentication support does not know about home directories, UIDs, or shells. If you enable SMB, you must make users' accounts known to the workstation by enabling LDAP, NIS, or Hesiod or by using the/usr/sbin/useradd
command to make their accounts known to the workstation. To use this option, you must have thepam_smb
package installed.--smbservers=
— The name of the server(s) to use for SMB authentication. To specify more than one server, separate the names with commas (,).--smbworkgroup=
— The name of the workgroup for the SMB servers.--enablecache
— Enables thenscd
service. Thenscd
service caches information about users, groups, and various other types of information. Caching is especially helpful if you choose to distribute information about users and groups over your network using NIS, LDAP, or hesiod.
bootloader
(必選的)- Specifies how the boot loader should be installed. This option is required for both installations and upgrades.
--append=
— Specifies kernel parameters. To specify multiple parameters, separate them with spaces. For example:bootloader --location=mbr --append="hdd=ide-scsi ide=nodma"
--driveorder
— Specify which drive is first in the BIOS boot order. For example:bootloader --driveorder=sda,hda
--location=
— Specifies where the boot record is written. Valid values are the following:mbr
(the default),partition
(installs the boot loader on the first sector of the partition containing the kernel), ornone
(do not install the boot loader).--password=
— If using GRUB, sets the GRUB boot loader password to the one specified with this option. This should be used to restrict access to the GRUB shell, where arbitrary kernel options can be passed.--md5pass=
— If using GRUB, similar to--password=
except the password should already be encrypted.--upgrade
— Upgrade the existing boot loader configuration, preserving the old entries. This option is only available for upgrades.
clearpart
(非必選的)- Removes partitions from the system, prior to creation of new partitions. By default, no partitions are removed.
注意
如果使用clearpart
指令,--onpart
指令則不能被使用在一個邏輯分割區上。--all
— Erases all partitions from the system.--drives=
— Specifies which drives to clear partitions from. For example, the following clears all the partitions on the first two drives on the primary IDE controller:clearpart --drives=hda,hdb --all
--initlabel
— Initializes the disk label to the default for your architecture (for examplemsdos
for x86 andgpt
for Itanium). It is useful so that the installation program does not ask if it should initialize the disk label if installing to a brand new hard drive.--linux
— Erases all Linux partitions.--none
(default) — Do not remove any partitions.
cmdline
(非必選的)device
(非必選的)- On most PCI systems, the installation program autoprobes for Ethernet and SCSI cards properly. On older systems and some PCI systems, however, kickstart needs a hint to find the proper devices. The
device
command, which tells the installation program to install extra modules, is in this format:device <type> <moduleName> --opts=<options>
- <type> — Replace with either
scsi
oreth
. - <moduleName> — Replace with the name of the kernel module which should be installed.
--opts=
— Mount options to use for mounting the NFS export. Any options that can be specified in/etc/fstab
for an NFS mount are allowed. The options are listed in thenfs(5)
man page. Multiple options are separated with a comma.
driverdisk
(非必選的)- Driver diskettes can be used during kickstart installations. You must copy the driver diskettes's contents to the root directory of a partition on the system's hard drive. Then you must use the
driverdisk
command to tell the installation program where to look for the driver disk.driverdisk <partition> [--type=<fstype>]
另外您可以指定一個含有驅動程式磁碟片的網路位置:driverdisk --source=ftp://path/to/dd.img driverdisk --source=http://path/to/dd.img driverdisk --source=nfs:host:/path/to/img
- <partition> — Partition containing the driver disk.
--type=
— File system type (for example, vfat or ext2).
firewall
(非必選的)firewall --enabled|--disabled [--trust=] <device> [--port=]
--enabled
or--enable
— Reject incoming connections that are not in response to outbound requests, such as DNS replies or DHCP requests. If access to services running on this machine is needed, you can choose to allow specific services through the firewall.--disabled
or--disable
— Do not configure any iptables rules.--trust=
— Listing a device here, such as eth0, allows all traffic coming from that device to go through the firewall. To list more than one device, use--trust eth0 --trust eth1
. Do NOT use a comma-separated format such as--trust eth0, eth1
.- <incoming> — Replace with one or more of the following to allow the specified services through the firewall.
--ssh
--telnet
--smtp
--http
--ftp
--port=
— You can specify that ports be allowed through the firewall using the port:protocol format. For example, to allow IMAP access through your firewall, specifyimap:tcp
. Numeric ports can also be specified explicitly; for example, to allow UDP packets on port 1234 through, specify1234:udp
. To specify multiple ports, separate them by commas.
firstboot
(非必選的)- Determine whether the Setup Agent starts the first time the system is booted. If enabled, the
firstboot
package must be installed. If not specified, this option is disabled by default.--enable
or--enabled
— The Setup Agent is started the first time the system boots.--disable
or--disabled
— The Setup Agent is not started the first time the system boots.--reconfig
— Enable the Setup Agent to start at boot time in reconfiguration mode. This mode enables the language, mouse, keyboard, root password, security level, time zone, and networking configuration options in addition to the default ones.
halt
(非必選的)- Halt the system after the installation has successfully completed. This is similar to a manual installation, where anaconda displays a message and waits for the user to press a key before rebooting. During a kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, the
reboot
option is used as default.halt
選項類似於shutdown -h
指令。關於其它完成方式,請參照poweroff
、reboot
與shutdown
kickstart 選項。 graphical
(非必選的)install
(非必選的)- Tells the system to install a fresh system rather than upgrade an existing system. This is the default mode. For installation, you must specify the type of installation from
cdrom
,harddrive
,nfs
, orurl
(for FTP or HTTP installations). Theinstall
command and the installation method command must be on separate lines.cdrom
— Install from the first CD-ROM drive on the system.harddrive
— Install from a Red Hat installation tree on a local drive, which must be either vfat or ext2.--biospart=
從(如 82)上安裝 BIOS 分割區。--partition=
從(如 sdb2)上安裝 BIOS 分割區。--dir=
包含安裝樹variant
目錄的目錄。
舉例來說:harddrive --partition=hdb2 --dir=/tmp/install-tree
nfs
— Install from the NFS server specified.--server=
安裝來源的伺服器(主機名稱或 IP 位址)。--dir=
包含安裝樹variant
目錄的目錄。--opts=
使用於掛載 NFS 輸出的掛載選項。(非必選的)
舉例來說:nfs --server=nfsserver.example.com --dir=/tmp/install-tree
url
— Install from an installation tree on a remote server via FTP or HTTP.舉例來說:url --url http://<server>/<dir>
or:url --url ftp://<username>:<password>@<server>/<dir>
interactive
(非必選的)- Uses the information provided in the kickstart file during the installation, but allow for inspection and modification of the values given. You are presented with each screen of the installation program with the values from the kickstart file. Either accept the values by clicking Next or change the values and click Next to continue. Refer to the
autostep
command. iscsi
(非必選的)--target
—--port=
—--user=
—--password=
—
key
(非必選的)- Specify an installation key, which is needed to aid in package selection and identify your system for support purposes. This command is Red Hat Enterprise Linux-specific; it has no meaning for Fedora and will be ignored.
--skip
— Skip entering a key. Usually if the key command is not given, anaconda will pause at this step to prompt for a key. This option allows automated installation to continue if you do not have a key or do not want to provide one.
keyboard
(必選的)- Sets system keyboard type. Here is the list of available keyboards on i386, Itanium, and Alpha machines:
be-latin1, bg, br-abnt2, cf, cz-lat2, cz-us-qwertz, de, de-latin1, de-latin1-nodeadkeys, dk, dk-latin1, dvorak, es, et, fi, fi-latin1, fr, fr-latin0, fr-latin1, fr-pc, fr_CH, fr_CH-latin1, gr, hu, hu101, is-latin1, it, it-ibm, it2, jp106, la-latin1, mk-utf, no, no-latin1, pl, pt-latin1, ro_win, ru, ru-cp1251, ru-ms, ru1, ru2, ru_win, se-latin1, sg, sg-latin1, sk-qwerty, slovene, speakup, speakup-lt, sv-latin1, sg, sg-latin1, sk-querty, slovene, trq, ua, uk, us, us-acentos
/usr/lib/python2.2/site-packages/rhpl/keyboard_models.py
中也含有這個清單,而它是rhpl
套件的一部分。 lang
(required)- 設定在安裝過程與安裝後系統的預設語言。例如,將語言設為英文,kickstart 檔案會包含下列:
lang en_US
/usr/share/system-config-language/locale-list
檔案在每行的第一欄提供了可用的語言代碼,這個檔案包含在system-config-language
套件中。在文字模式安裝下無法支援某些語言(基本上為中文、日文、韓文與印度語系)。如果在語言指令下指定以上其中一種語言,在安裝過程中會以英語進行,但在執行系統會將此語言設定為預設。 langsupport
(deprecated)- 不贊成使用語言支援關鍵字,使用語言支援關鍵字會出現錯誤訊息並造成安裝終止。您應該現在將您所需要的語言之支援套件群組列在 kickstart 檔案上的
%packages
。例如將法文加入支援套件群組內,你需要將下列加入%packages
:@french-support
logvol
(optional)- 使用下列語法來建立用於邏輯磁區管理(LVM)的一個邏輯磁區:
logvol <mntpoint> --vgname=<name> --size=<size> --name=<name> <options>
選項如下所示:--noformat
— Use an existing logical volume and do not format it.--useexisting
— Use an existing logical volume and reformat it.--fstype=
— Sets the file system type for the logical volume. Valid values are ext2, ext3, swap, and vfat.--fsoptions=
— Specifies a free form string of options to be used when mounting the filesystem. This string will be copied into the/etc/fstab
file of the installed system and should be enclosed in quotes.--bytes-per-inode=
— Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the logical volume. Not all filesystems support this option, so it is silently ignored for those cases.--grow=
— Tells the logical volume to grow to fill available space (if any), or up to the maximum size setting.--maxsize=
— The maximum size in megabytes when the logical volume is set to grow. Specify an integer value here, and do not append the number with MB.--recommended=
— Determine the size of the logical volume automatically.--percent=
— Specify the size of the logical volume as a percentage of available space in the volume group.
先建立分割區,再建立邏輯磁區群組,然後再建立邏輯磁區,例如:part pv.01 --size 3000 volgroup myvg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=myvg --size=2000 --name=rootvol
logging
(optional)- 這個指令在安裝過程中控制 anaconda 登錄錯誤。但對安裝完成的系統無任何影響。
--host=
— Send logging information to the given remote host, which must be running a syslogd process configured to accept remote logging.--port=
— If the remote syslogd process uses a port other than the default, it may be specified with this option.--level=
— One of debug, info, warning, error, or critical.指定在 tty3 所顯示的訊息之最低層級。但是不論是任何層級,所有的訊息仍會傳送到登錄檔。
mediacheck
(optional)- 如果選擇這個選項,則會強制 anaconda 在安裝媒體上執行 mediacheck。這個指令需在手動安裝下執行,因此預設為停用。
monitor
(optional)- 如果沒有使用 monitor 指令,anaconda 會使用 X 來自動偵測螢幕設定。請在手動設定前先試用自動設定。
--hsync=
— Specifies the horizontal sync frequency of the monitor.--monitor=
— Use specified monitor; monitor name should be from the list of monitors in /usr/share/hwdata/MonitorsDB from the hwdata package. The list of monitors can also be found on the X Configuration screen of the Kickstart Configurator. This is ignored if --hsync or --vsync is provided. If no monitor information is provided, the installation program tries to probe for it automatically.--noprobe=
— Do not try to probe the monitor.--vsync=
— Specifies the vertical sync frequency of the monitor.
mouse
(deprecated)- The mouse keyword is deprecated.
network
(optional)- 為系統設定網路資訊,如果 kickstart 安裝不需要網路連線(也就是說,它不是通過 NFS、HTTP 或 FTP 來進行安裝),則不會在系統上設定網路連線。 如果安裝確實需要網路連線,而且在 kickstart 檔案中沒有提供任何的網路資訊,安裝程式會假定安裝是通過 eth0 經由一個動態的 IP 位址(BOOTP/DHCP) 所完成,並且設定最後安裝好的系統動態取得它的 IP 位址。
network
的選項為通過網路的 kickstart 安裝過程以及安裝好的系統設定網路連線的資訊。--bootproto=
— One ofdhcp
,bootp
, orstatic
.預設為dhcp
,bootp
與dhcp
視為等同。DHCP 的方式使用一部 DHCP 伺服器系統來取得它的網路連線資訊,您也許會猜想,BOOTP 的方式應該是類似的,需要一部 BOOTP 伺服器以供應網路連線資訊。如要設定一部系統使用 DHCP:network --bootproto=dhcp
如要設定一部系統使用 BOOTP 來取得它的網路連線設定資訊,請使用下列的資訊在 kickstart 檔案中:network --bootproto=bootp
The static method requires that you enter all the required networking information in the kickstart file. As the name implies, this information is static and are used during and after the installation. The line for static networking is more complex, as you must include all network configuration information on one line. You must specify the IP address, netmask, gateway, and nameserver. For example: (the "\" indicates that this should be read as one continuous line):network --bootproto=static --ip=10.0.2.15 --netmask=255.255.255.0 \ --gateway=10.0.2.254 --nameserver=10.0.2.1
如果您使用靜態的方法,請注意下列的兩種限制:- 所有靜態網路連線的資訊必須在同一行中指定,您不能使用反斜線來換行。
- You can also configure multiple nameservers here. To do so, specify them as a comma-delimited list in the command line. For example:
network --bootproto=static --ip=10.0.2.15 --netmask=255.255.255.0 \ --gateway=10.0.2.254 --nameserver 192.168.2.1,192.168.3.1
--device=
— Used to select a specific Ethernet device for installation. Note that using--device=
is not effective unless the kickstart file is a local file (such asks=floppy
), since the installation program configures the network to find the kickstart file. For example:network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
--ip=
— IP address for the machine to be installed.--gateway=
— Default gateway as an IP address.--nameserver=
— Primary nameserver, as an IP address.--nodns
— Do not configure any DNS server.--netmask=
— Netmask for the installed system.--hostname=
— Hostname for the installed system.--ethtool=
— Specifies additional low-level settings for the network device which will be passed to the ethtool program.--essid=
— The network ID for wireless networks.--wepkey=
— The encryption key for wireless networks.--onboot=
— Whether or not to enable the device at boot time.--class=
— The DHCP class.--mtu=
— The MTU of the device.--noipv4
— Disable IPv4 on this device.--noipv6
— Disable IPv6 on this device.
multipath
(optional)- multipath --name= --device= --rule=
-
part
orpartition
(required for installs, ignored for upgrades) - 為系統建立一個分割區。如果在同一系統上的不同分割區中裝有一個以上的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux,安裝程式為提示選取欲升級的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux。
警告
除非使用--noformat
與--onpart
,否則所有在安裝過程中所建立的分割區都為格式化。For a detailed example ofpart
in action, refer to 節 28.4.1, “進階磁碟分割範例”.- <mntpoint> — The <mntpoint> is where the partition is mounted and must be of one of the following forms:
/<path>
例如/
、/usr
、/home
swap
這個分割區被當作 swap 空間使用。如要自動決定 swap 分割區的大小,請使用--recommended
選項:swap --recommended
自動產生的 sawp 分割區,其容量不會小於系統上得記憶體,也不會大於系統記憶體的兩倍。raid.<id>
軟體 RAID 所使用的分割區(請參照raid
)pv.<id>
LVM 所使用的分割區(請參照logvol
)。
--size=
— The minimum partition size in megabytes. Specify an integer value here such as 500. Do not append the number with MB.--grow
— Tells the partition to grow to fill available space (if any), or up to the maximum size setting.--maxsize=
— The maximum partition size in megabytes when the partition is set to grow. Specify an integer value here, and do not append the number with MB.--noformat
— Tells the installation program not to format the partition, for use with the--onpart
command.--onpart=
or--usepart=
— Put the partition on the already existing device. For example:partition /home --onpart=hda1
將以存在的/home
放置於/dev/hda1
。--ondisk=
or--ondrive=
— Forces the partition to be created on a particular disk. For example,--ondisk=sdb
puts the partition on the second SCSI disk on the system.--asprimary
— Forces automatic allocation of the partition as a primary partition, or the partitioning fails.--type=
(replaced byfstype
) — This option is no longer available. Usefstype
.--fstype=
— Sets the file system type for the partition. Valid values areext2
,ext3
,swap
, andvfat
.--start=
— Specifies the starting cylinder for the partition. It requires that a drive be specified with--ondisk=
orondrive=
. It also requires that the ending cylinder be specified with--end=
or the partition size be specified with--size=
.--end=
— Specifies the ending cylinder for the partition. It requires that the starting cylinder be specified with--start=
.--bytes-per-inode=
— Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the partition. Not all filesystems support this option, so it is silently ignored for those cases.--recommended
— Determine the size of the partition automatically.--onbiosdisk
— Forces the partition to be created on a particular disk as discovered by the BIOS.
注意
如果分割失敗,診斷訊息會於虛擬主控台 3 上顯示。 -
poweroff
(optional) - 在安裝完成後將系統關閉,通常在手動安裝,anaconda 會顯示一個訊息並等待使用者按下任何鍵來重新啟動。在 kickstart 安裝過程,如果沒有指定完成方式,則
reboot
則為預設選項。poweroff
選項與shutdown -p
指令雷同。注意
Thepoweroff
option is highly dependent on the system hardware in use. Specifically, certain hardware components such as the BIOS, APM (advanced power management), and ACPI (advanced configuration and power interface) must be able to interact with the system kernel. Contact your manufacturer for more information on you system's APM/ACPI abilities.其它結束方式,請參照 kickstart 選項halt
、reboot
與shutdown
-
raid
(optional) - 組合一個軟體 RAID 裝置,這個指令如以下所示:
raid <mntpoint> --level=<level> --device=<mddevice> <partitions*>
- <mntpoint> — Location where the RAID file system is mounted. If it is
/
, the RAID level must be 1 unless a boot partition (/boot
) is present. If a boot partition is present, the/boot
partition must be level 1 and the root (/
) partition can be any of the available types. The <partitions*> (which denotes that multiple partitions can be listed) lists the RAID identifiers to add to the RAID array. --level=
— RAID level to use (0, 1, or 5).--device=
— Name of the RAID device to use (such as md0 or md1). RAID devices range from md0 to md15, and each may only be used once.--bytes-per-inode=
— Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the RAID device. Not all filesystems support this option, so it is silently ignored for those cases.--spares=
— Specifies the number of spare drives allocated for the RAID array. Spare drives are used to rebuild the array in case of drive failure.--fstype=
— Sets the file system type for the RAID array. Valid values are ext2, ext3, swap, and vfat.--fsoptions=
— Specifies a free form string of options to be used when mounting the filesystem. This string will be copied into the /etc/fstab file of the installed system and should be enclosed in quotes.--noformat
— Use an existing RAID device and do not format the RAID array.--useexisting
— Use an existing RAID device and reformat it.
以下的例子顯示如何建立一個 RAID level 1 的分割區給/
,以及一個 RAID level 5 給/usr
,在此假設系統上有三個 SCSI 磁碟機。也會建立三個 swap 分割區(每一個磁碟上各建立一個)。part raid.01 --size=60 --ondisk=sda part raid.02 --size=60 --ondisk=sdb part raid.03 --size=60 --ondisk=sdc
part swap --size=128 --ondisk=sda part swap --size=128 --ondisk=sdb part swap --size=128 --ondisk=sdc
part raid.11 --size=1 --grow --ondisk=sda part raid.12 --size=1 --grow --ondisk=sdb part raid.13 --size=1 --grow --ondisk=sdc
raid / --level=1 --device=md0 raid.01 raid.02 raid.03 raid /usr --level=5 --device=md1 raid.11 raid.12 raid.13
For a detailed example ofraid
in action, refer to 節 28.4.1, “進階磁碟分割範例”. -
reboot
(optional) - 在安裝完成之後重新啟動(無參數)。通常 kickstart 會顯示一個訊息並等待使用者按任何鍵重新啟動。
reboot
選項與shutdown -r
雷同。注意
依安裝媒體與方式的不同,使用reboot
選項 可能 會造成不停的重新執行安裝。如果沒有在 kickstart 檔案特別指定其它方式,reboot
選項為預設結束方式。其它結束方始,請參照 kickstart 選項halt
、poweroff
與shutdown
。 repo
(optional)- 設定可以用來當作套件安裝的資料來源額外之 yum 儲藏室。可指定多重 repo 路線。
repo --name=<repoid> [--baseurl=<url>| --mirrorlist=<url>]
--name=
— The repo id. This option is required.--baseurl=
— The URL for the repository. The variables that may be used in yum repo config files are not supported here. You may use one of either this option or --mirrorlist, not both.--mirrorlist=
— The URL pointing at a list of mirrors for the repository. The variables that may be used in yum repo config files are not supported here. You may use one of either this option or --baseurl, not both.
rootpw
(必選的)rootpw [--iscrypted] <password>
--iscrypted
— If this is present, the password argument is assumed to already be encrypted.
selinux
(非必選的)selinux [--disabled|--enforcing|--permissive]
--enforcing
— Enables SELinux with the default targeted policy being enforced.注意
如果selinux
選項沒有在 kickstart 檔案中出現,表示 SELinux 已經啟動並且預設為--enforcing
。--permissive
— Outputs warnings based on the SELinux policy, but does not actually enforce the policy.--disabled
— Disables SELinux completely on the system.
相關完整的 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 資訊,請參照 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide。services
(非必選的)- Modifies the default set of services that will run under the default runlevel. The services listed in the disabled list will be disabled before the services listed in the enabled list are enabled.
--disabled
— Disable the services given in the comma separated list.--enabled
— Enable the services given in the comma separated list.
shutdown
(非必選的)- Shut down the system after the installation has successfully completed. During a kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, the
reboot
option is used as default.shutdown
選項與shutdown
指令雷同。其它完成方式,請參照 kickstart 選項halt
、poweroff
與reboot
skipx
(非必選的)text
(非必選的)timezone
(必選的)timezone [--utc] <timezone>
--utc
— If present, the system assumes the hardware clock is set to UTC (Greenwich Mean) time.
upgrade
(非必選的)user
(非必選的)user --name=<username> [--groups=<list>] [--homedir=<homedir>] [--password=<password>] [--iscrypted] [--shell=<shell>] [--uid=<uid>]
--name=
— Provides the name of the user. This option is required.--groups=
— In addition to the default group, a comma separated list of group names the user should belong to.--homedir=
— The home directory for the user. If not provided, this defaults to /home/<username>.--password=
— The new user's password. If not provided, the account will be locked by default.--iscrypted=
— Is the password provided by --password already encrypted or not?--shell=
— The user's login shell. If not provided, this defaults to the system default.--uid=
— The user's UID. If not provided, this defaults to the next available non-system UID.
vnc
(非必選的)- Allows the graphical installation to be viewed remotely via VNC. This method is usually preferred over text mode, as there are some size and language limitations in text installs. With no options, this command will start a VNC server on the machine with no password and will print out the command that needs to be run to connect a remote machine.
vnc [--host=<hostname>] [--port=<port>] [--password=<password>]
--host=
— Instead of starting a VNC server on the install machine, connect to the VNC viewer process listening on the given hostname.--port=
— Provide a port that the remote VNC viewer process is listening on. If not provided, anaconda will use the VNC default.--password=
— Set a password which must be provided to connect to the VNC session. This is optional, but recommended.
volgroup
(非必選的)volgroup <name> <partition> <options>
選項如下所示:--noformat
— Use an existing volume group and do not format it.--useexisting
— Use an existing volume group and reformat it.--pesize=
— Set the size of the physical extents.
先建立分割區,再建立邏輯磁區群組,然後再建立邏輯磁區,例如:part pv.01 --size 3000 volgroup myvg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=myvg --size=2000 --name=rootvol
For a detailed example ofvolgroup
in action, refer to 節 28.4.1, “進階磁碟分割範例”.xconfig
(非必選的)- Configures the X Window System. If this option is not given, the user must configure X manually during the installation, if X was installed; this option should not be used if X is not installed on the final system.
--driver
— Specify the X driver to use for the video hardware.--videoram=
— Specifies the amount of video RAM the video card has.--defaultdesktop=
— Specify either GNOME or KDE to set the default desktop (assumes that GNOME Desktop Environment and/or KDE Desktop Environment has been installed through%packages
).--startxonboot
— Use a graphical login on the installed system.--resolution=
— Specify the default resolution for the X Window System on the installed system. Valid values are 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1152x864, 1280x1024, 1400x1050, 1600x1200. Be sure to specify a resolution that is compatible with the video card and monitor.--depth=
— Specify the default color depth for the X Window System on the installed system. Valid values are 8, 16, 24, and 32. Be sure to specify a color depth that is compatible with the video card and monitor.
zerombr
(非必選的)- If
zerombr
is specified any invalid partition tables found on disks are initialized. This destroys all of the contents of disks with invalid partition tables.Note that in previous versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, this command was specified aszerombr yes
. This form is now deprecated; you should now simply specifyzerombr
in your kickstart file instead. zfcp
(非必選的)zfcp [--devnum=<devnum>] [--fcplun=<fcplun>] [--scsiid=<scsiid>] [--scsilun=<scsilun>] [--wwpn=<wwpn>]
%include
(optional)
28.4.1. 進階磁碟分割範例
下列為顯示為操作 kickstart 的單一,合併範例
clearpart
、raid
、part
、volgroup
與 logvol
。
clearpart --drives=hda,hdc --initlabel # Raid 1 IDE config part raid.11 --size 1000 --asprimary --ondrive=hda part raid.12 --size 1000 --asprimary --ondrive=hda part raid.13 --size 2000 --asprimary --ondrive=hda part raid.14 --size 8000 --ondrive=hda part raid.15 --size 1 --grow --ondrive=hda part raid.21 --size 1000 --asprimary --ondrive=hdc part raid.22 --size 1000 --asprimary --ondrive=hdc part raid.23 --size 2000 --asprimary --ondrive=hdc part raid.24 --size 8000 --ondrive=hdc part raid.25 --size 1 --grow --ondrive=hdc # You can add --spares=x raid / --fstype ext3 --device md0 --level=RAID1 raid.11 raid.21 raid /safe --fstype ext3 --device md1 --level=RAID1 raid.12 raid.22 raid swap --fstype swap --device md2 --level=RAID1 raid.13 raid.23 raid /usr --fstype ext3 --device md3 --level=RAID1 raid.14 raid.24 raid pv.01 --fstype ext3 --device md4 --level=RAID1 raid.15 raid.25 # LVM configuration so that we can resize /var and /usr/local later volgroup sysvg pv.01 logvol /var --vgname=sysvg --size=8000 --name=var logvol /var/freespace --vgname=sysvg --size=8000 --name=freespacetouse logvol /usr/local --vgname=sysvg --size=1 --grow --name=usrlocal
此為將 LVM 套用在 RAID 上得進階範例,以及調整變更目錄大小以供日後填滿。