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第 7 章 虚拟化

增加 KVM 中 vCPU 上限

KVM 虚拟机中支持的虚拟 CPU（vCPU）上限已增至 240。这增加了用户可为虚拟机分配的虚拟处理单元数，因此有可能提高其性能。

QEMU、KVM 和 Libvirt API 中的第五代 Intel Core 新指令支持

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1, the support for 5th Generation Intel Core processors has been added to the QEMU hypervisor, the KVM kernel code, and the libvirt API. This allows KVM guests to use the following instructions and features: ADCX, ADOX, RDSFEED, PREFETCHW, and supervisor mode access prevention (SMAP).

KVM 虚拟机的 USB 3.0 支持

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 通过添加 USB 3.0 主机适配器（xHCI）模拟作为技术预览提供改进的 USB 支持。

压缩 dump-guest-memory 命令

Since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1, the dump-guest-memory command supports crash dump compression. This makes it possible for users who cannot use the virsh dump command to require less hard disk space for guest crash dumps. In addition, saving a compressed guest crash dump usually takes less time than saving a non-compressed one.

Open Virtual Machine Firmware

在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 中 Open Virtual Machine Firmware（OVMF）作为技术预览提供。OVMF 是用于 AMD64 和 Intel 64 虚拟机的 UEFI 安全引导环境。

改进 Hyper-V 的网络性能

Several new features of the Hyper-V network driver have been introduced to improve network performance. For example, Receive-Side Scaling, Large Send Offload, Scatter/Gather I/O are now supported, and network throughput is increased.

hyperv-daemons 中的 hyperfcopyd

在 hyperv-daemons 软件包中添加了 hypervfcopyd 守护进程。hypervfcopyd 是在 Hyper-V 2012 R2 主机中为所运行的 Linux 虚拟机使用的文件复制服务功能。它可让主机将文件（通过 VMBUS）复制到 Linux 虚拟机中。

libgustfs 中的新功能

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 introduces a number of new features in libguestfs, a set of tools for accessing and modifying virtual machine disk images. Namely:
  • virt-builder — a new tool for building virtual machine images. Use virt-builder to rapidly and securely create guests and customize them.
  • virt-customize — a new tool for customizing virtual machine disk images. Use virt-customize to install packages, edit configuration files, run scripts, and set passwords.
  • virt-diff — a new tool for showing differences between the file systems of two virtual machines. Use virt-diff to easily discover what files have been changed between snapshots.
  • virt-log — a new tool for listing log files from guests. The virt-log tool supports a variety of guests including Linux traditional, Linux using journal, and Windows event log.
  • virt-v2v — a new tool for converting guests from a foreign hypervisor to run on KVM, managed by libvirt, OpenStack, oVirt, Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV), and several other targets. Currently, virt-v2v can convert Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Windows guests running on Xen and VMware ESX.

动态记录器跟踪

Support for flight recorder tracing has been introduced in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1. Flight recorder tracing uses SystemTap to automatically capture qemu-kvm data as long as the guest machine is running. This provides an additional avenue for investigating qemu-kvm problems, more flexible than qemu-kvm core dumps.
有关如何配置和使用动态记录器跟踪的详细步骤请参考《虚拟化部署和管理指南》。

LPAR Watchdog for IBM System z

As a Technology Preview, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 introduces a new watchdog driver for IBM System z. This enhanced watchdog supports Linux logical partitions (LPAR) as well as Linux guests in the z/VM hypervisor, and provides automatic reboot and automatic dump capabilities if a Linux system becomes unresponsive.

RDMA-based Migration of Live Guests

The support for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)-based migration has been added to libvirt. As a result, it is now possible to use the new rdma:// migration URI to request migration over RDMA, which allows for significantly shorter live migration of large guests. Note that prior to using RDMA-based migration, RDMA has to be configured and libvirt has to be set up to use it.

Removal of Q35 Chipset, PCI Express Bus, and AHCI Bus Emulation

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1 removes the emulation of the Q35 machine type, required also for supporting the PCI Express (PCIe) bus and the Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) bus in KVM guest virtual machines. These features were previously available on Red Hat Enterprise Linux as Technology Previews. However, they are still being actively developed and might become available in the future as part of Red Hat products.