Red Hat Training

A Red Hat training course is available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux

全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ 2

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ 2

版 3

摘要

本​​​​​​​书​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​企​​​​​​​业​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​ Linux 5 安​​​​​​​装​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​维​​​​​​​护​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2(红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ 2)的​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

简​​​​​​​介​​​​​​​

欢​​​​​​​迎​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​》​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​档​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​书​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​维​​​​​​​护​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2(红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ 2)的​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2 可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ RHEL 5.3 以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​总​​​​​​​览​​​​​​​》​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​》​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​官​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​企​​​​​​​业​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​ Linux 手​​​​​​​册​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​注​​​​​​​记​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ HTML 以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​ PDF 版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​线​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​询​​​​​​​,地​​​​​​​址​​​​​​​ http://www.redhat.com/docs/。​​​​​​​

1. 读​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​

本​​​​​​​书​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​向​​​​​​​熟​​​​​​​悉​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​活​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ Linux 系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​员​​​​​​​:
  • Linux 系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​流​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 安​​​​​​​装​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​网​​​​​​​络​​​​​​​,比​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​光​​​​​​​纤​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​道​​​​​​​ SAN。​​​​​​​

3. 反​​​​​​​馈​​​​​​​

我​​​​​​​们​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​乐​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​解​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​印​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​手​​​​​​​册​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​挥​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​好​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​想​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ Bugzilla(http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/)中​​​​​​​根​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​ rh-cs 提​​​​​​​交​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​报​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Be sure to mention the manual's identifier:
rh-gfs2(EN)-5 (2009-01-05T15:15)
By mentioning this manual's identifier, we know exactly which version of the guide you have.
如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​何​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​档​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​尽​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​说​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​具​​​​​​​体​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​何​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​号​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​,以​​​​​​​便​​​​​​​我​​​​​​​们​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​易​​​​​​​找​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

第 1 章 GFS2 总​​​​​​​览​​​​​​​

红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​固​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,直​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​ Linux 内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​界​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​(VFS 层​​​​​​​)相​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​独​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,GFS2 采​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​布​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​元​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
A GFS2 file system can be created on an LVM logical volume. A logical volume is an aggregation of underlying block devices that appears as a single logical device. For information on the LVM volume manager, see the LVM Administrator's Guide.
GFS2 是​​​​​​​基​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ 64 位​​​​​​​构​​​​​​​架​​​​​​​,理​​​​​​​论​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​ 8 EB 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​但​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​,目​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​最​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 25 TB。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​求​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ 25 TB 以​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​络​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​服​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​代​​​​​​​表​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
当​​​​​​​决​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​虑​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​恢​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​求​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​fsck 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​长​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​且​​​​​​​消​​​​​​​耗​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​另​​​​​​​外​​​​​​​,在​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​子​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​失​​​​​​​败​​​​​​​事​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,恢​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​受​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​份​​​​​​​介​​​​​​​质​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
当​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​工​​​​​​​具​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2 会​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​,即​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​就​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​相​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​明​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​差​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​》​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
LVM logical volumes in a Red Hat Cluster suite are managed with CLVM, which is a cluster-wide implementation of LVM, enabled by the CLVM daemon, clvmd running in a Red Hat Cluster Suite cluster. The daemon makes it possible to use LVM2 to manage logical volumes across a cluster, allowing all nodes in the cluster to share the logical volumes. to any directory on your system. For information on the LVM volume manager, see the LVM Administrator's Guide.
gfs2.ko 内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​署​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
本​​​​​​​章​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​背​​​​​​​景​​​​​​​资​​​​​​​料​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​基​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​简​​​​​​​短​​​​​​​资​​​​​​​料​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​便​​​​​​​帮​​​​​​​助​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​解​​​​​​​ GFS2,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​:

1.1. 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 前​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​安​​​​​​​装​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 之​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​记​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​:
GFS 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​
决​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​哪​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​
决​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​最​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​少​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​(以​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​)。​​​​​​​
文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​
为​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​决​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​ lock_dlm 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​(lock_dlm 和​​​​​​​ lock_nolock)不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​变​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​求​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​:在​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​书​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​骤​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​ mydata1 和​​​​​​​ mydata2。​​​​​​​
日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​
Determine the number of journals for your GFS2 file systems. One journal is required for each node that mounts a GFS2 file system. GFS2 allows you to add journals dynamically at a later point as additional servers mount a filesystem. For information on adding journals to a GFS2 file system, see 第 3.6 节 “在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​”.
GNBD 服​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​
如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ GNBD,就​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​少​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ GNBD 服​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​注​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GNBD 客​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​端​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GNBD 服​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​器​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​机​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​ IP 地​​​​​​​址​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​带​​​​​​​ GFS2 的​​​​​​​ GNBD 的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​带​​​​​​​全​​​​​​​局​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GNBD》​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​档​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​
确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ CLVM)的​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

注意

当​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​删​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ GFS2 的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​导​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​问​​​​​​​题​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​尽​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​删​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

1.2. GFS 和​​​​​​​ GFS2 之​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​差​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​相​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​ GFS,GFS2 提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Migrating from GFS to GFS2 requires that you convert your GFS file systems to GFS2 with the gfs2_convert utility. For information on the gfs2_convert utility, see 附录 A, 将​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​ GFS 转​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2.

1.2.1. GFS2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​

In general, the functionality of GFS2 is identical to GFS. The names of the file system commands, however, specify GFS2 instead of GFS. 表 1.1 “GFS 和​​​​​​​ GFS2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​” shows the equivalent GFS and GFS2 commands.

表 1.1. GFS 和​​​​​​​ GFS2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​

GFS 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​ GFS2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​ 描​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​
mount mount 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​ 系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​类​​​​​​​型​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ GFS 还​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ GFS2。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​ GFS2 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​ gfs2_mount(8) man page。​​​​​​​
umount umount 卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​
fsck
gfs_fsck
fsck
fsck.gfs2
检​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs_grow gfs2_grow 增​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs_jadd gfs2_jadd 在​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​
gfs_mkfs
mkfs -t gfs
mkfs.gfs2
mkfs -t gfs2
在​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs_quota gfs2_quota 在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs_tool gfs2_tool 配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​试​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​收​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs_edit gfs2_edit 显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​编​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​结​​​​​​​构​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​gfs2_edit 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​表​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ man page。​​​​​​​

1.2.2. GFS 和​​​​​​​ GFS2 之​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​

This section summarizes the additional differences in GFS and GFS2 administration that are not described in 第 1.2.1 节 “GFS2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​”.

上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​

GFS2 file systems do not provide support for context-dependent path names, which allow you to create symbolic links that point to variable destination files or directories. For this functionality in GFS2, you can use the bind option of the mount command. For information on managing pathnames in GFS2, see 第 3.11 节 “绑​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​”.

gfs2.ko 模​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​

使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ gfs.ko。​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ gfs2.ko。​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​ GFS2 中​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​

In GFS2 file systems, quota enforcement is disabled by default and must be explicitly enabled. To enable and disable quotas for GFS2 file systems, you use the quota=on|off|account option for the mount command. For information on enabling and disabling quota enforcement, see 第 3.4.4 节 “启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​/禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​”.

数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

GFS2 file systems support the use of the chattr command to set and clear the j flag on a file or directory. Setting the +j flag on a file enables data journaling on that file. Setting the +j flag on a directory means "inherit jdata", which indicates that all files and directories subsequently created in that directory are journaled. Using the chattr command is the preferred way to enable and disable data journaling on a file.

动​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

In GFS2 file systems, journals are plain (though hidden) files instead of embedded metadata. This means that journals can be dynamically added as additional servers mount a filesystem. For information on adding journals to a GFS2 file system, see 第 3.6 节 “在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​”.

删​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​ atime_quantum 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​

GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​ atime_quantum 可​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​,GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​频​​​​​​​率​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 中​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​ relatime 和​​​​​​​ noatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ relatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​获​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS 中​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ atime_quantum 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​类​​​​​​​似​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ data= 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ data=ordered 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ data=writeback 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ data=ordered 时​​​​​​​,传​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​传​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​递​​​​​​​交​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​冲​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​让​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​未​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​化​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ data=writeback 时​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​何​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​候​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​ ordered 模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​保​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​工​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​负​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​说​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​稍​​​​​​​微​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ ordered 模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

gfs2_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​

gfs2_tool 为​​​​​​​ GFS2 支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​ gfs_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS 支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​:
  • gfs2_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​ journals 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​,它​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • gfs2_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​ counters 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,而​​​​​​​ gfs_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​ GFS 统​​​​​​​计​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • The gfs2_tool command does not support the inherit_jdata flag. To flag a directory as "inherit jdata", you can set the jdata flag on the directory or you can use the chattr command to set the +j flag on the directory. Using the chattr command is the preferred way to enable and disable data journaling on a file.

gfs2_edit 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​

gfs2_edit 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2 支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​ gfs_edit 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS 支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

1.2.3. GFS2 性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​

GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​界​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​什​​​​​​​么​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​好​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​:
  • 在​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​好​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​ I/O 操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​
  • 更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​缓​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​读​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​(无​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​消​​​​​​​耗​​​​​​​)
  • 对​​​​​​​预​​​​​​​先​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​直​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​ I/O (提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​合​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​ I/O 值​​​​​​​,比​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​ 4M 大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​)
  • 普​​​​​​​遍​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ I/O 操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​
  • 执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ df 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ statfs 调​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 与​​​​​​​ GFS 相​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​,我​​​​​​​们​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ atime 模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​减​​​​​​​少​​​​​​​ atime 生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​ I/O 操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​广​​​​​​​泛​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​流​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​:
  • GFS2 是​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​游​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​(整​​​​​​​合​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ 2.6.19)的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • GFS2 支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​:
    • SELinux 扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​属​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
    • lsattr() 和​​​​​​​ chattr() 属​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​准​​​​​​​ ioctl() 调​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
    • 纳​​​​​​​秒​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​戳​​​​​​​
GFS2 为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​效​​​​​​​率​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • GFS2 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​少​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​
  • GFS2 需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​非​​​​​​​元​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​
    分​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​ GFS2 元​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​读​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​元​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​副​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​由​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​释​​​​​​​放​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • GFS2 的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​序​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​简​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​,它​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​未​​​​​​​链​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​知​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • gfs2_grow 和​​​​​​​ gfs2_jadd 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​防​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​事​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 为​​​​​​​类​​​​​​​似​​​​​​​ creat() 和​​​​​​​ mkdir() 的​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​简​​​​​​​化​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ ACL 编​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 在​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​恢​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​未​​​​​​​连​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​ statfs 的​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

第 2 章 开​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​

本​​​​​​​章​​​​​​​论​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 的​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​骤​​​​​​​,其​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​:

2.1. 前​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​

Before setting up Red Hat GFS2, make sure that you have noted the key characteristics of the GFS2 nodes (refer to 第 1.1 节 “设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 前​​​​​​​”). Also, make sure that the clocks on the GFS2 nodes are synchronized. It is recommended that you use the Network Time Protocol (NTP) software provided with your Red Hat Enterprise Linux distribution.

注意

GFS2 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​钟​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​差​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​几​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​钟​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​便​​​​​​​防​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​戳​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​戳​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​严​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​影​​​​​​​响​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

2.2. 初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​

初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​ GFS2 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​:
  1. 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  2. 生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  3. 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
开​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​按​​​​​​​照​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​骤​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2。​​​​​​​
  1. 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ LVM 为​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

    注意

    您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ init.d 脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​激​​​​​​​活​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​失​​​​​​​活​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​ init.d 脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​《​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​》​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  2. Create GFS2 file systems on logical volumes created in Step 1. Choose a unique name for each file system. For more information about creating a GFS2 file system, refer to 第 3.1 节 “生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​”.
    您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​:
    mkfs.gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t ClusterName:FSName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
    mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t LockTableName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
    您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​:
    mkfs.gfs2 -p lock_nolock -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
    mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_nolock -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
  3. 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​:
    mount BlockDevice MountPoint
    mount -o acl BlockDevice MountPoint
    mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ -o acl 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ ACL。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ -o acl 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​ ACL(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ getfacl 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​),但​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​们​​​​​​​(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ setfacl 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​)。​​​​​​​

    注意

    您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ init.d 脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​ init.d 脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

第 3 章 管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​ GFS2

本​​​​​​​章​​​​​​​论​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​ GFS2 的​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​务​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​,由​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​:

3.1. 生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ mkfs.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ -t gfs2 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ mkfs 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​活​​​​​​​跃​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ LVM 卷​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ mkfs.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​:
  • 锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​/模​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​(群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ lock_dlm
  • 群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​(当​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​)
  • 日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​(每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​)
当​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​直​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ mkfs.gfs2,或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​带​​​​​​​ -t 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ mkfs 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​类​​​​​​​型​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ gfs2。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

当​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​:
mkfs.gfs2 -p LockProtoName -t LockTableName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
mkfs -t gfs2 -p LockProtoName -t LockTableName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
当​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​:
mkfs.gfs2 -p LockProtoName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice
mkfs -t gfs2 -p LockProtoName -j NumberJournals BlockDevice

警告

请​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​非​​​​​​​常​​​​​​​熟​​​​​​​悉​​​​​​​ LockProtoName 和​​​​​​​ LockTableName 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ LockProtoName 和​​​​​​​ LockTableName 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​导​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
LockProtoName
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​,群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ lock_dlm。​​​​​​​
LockTableName
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​冒​​​​​​​号​​​​​​​隔​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​(没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​)如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​:ClusterName:FSName
  • ClusterName,用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • FSName,文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​,长​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ 1-16 个​​​​​​​字​​​​​​​符​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​ lock_dlm 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​(lock_dlm 和​​​​​​​ lock_nolock)不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Number
Specifies the number of journals to be created by the mkfs.gfs2 command. One journal is required for each node that mounts the file system. For GFS2 file systems, more journals can be added later without growing the filesystem, as described in 第 3.6 节 “在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​”.
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​物​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,lock_dlm 是​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ alpha,文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​mydata1。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​八​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​,日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /dev/vg01/lvol0 中​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mkfs.gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t alpha:mydata1 -j 8 /dev/vg01/lvol0
mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t alpha:mydata1 -j 8 /dev/vg01/lvol0
在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​第​​​​​​​二​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ lock_dlm 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,它​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​ alpha。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​mydata2。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​八​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​,日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /dev/vg01/lvol1 中​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mkfs.gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t alpha:mydata2 -j 8 /dev/vg01/lvol1
mkfs -t gfs2 -p lock_dlm -t alpha:mydata2 -j 8 /dev/vg01/lvol1

全​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​

表 3.1. 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​:mkfs.gfs2

标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​ 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​ 描​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​
-c Megabytes Sets the initial size of each journal's quota change file to Megabytes.
-D 启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​试​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-h 帮​​​​​​​助​​​​​​​,显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-J MegaBytes 以​​​​​​​ MB 为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 128MB,最​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 8MB。​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​占​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-j Number 指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​由​​​​​​​ mkfs.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,则​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​附​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​而​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​增​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-O 防​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​ mkfs.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-p LockProtoName
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​识​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​:
lock_dlm — 标​​​​​​​准​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
lock_nolock — 当​​​​​​​ GFS2 作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​(只​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​)。​​​​​​​
-q 静​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​,什​​​​​​​么​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-r MegaBytes 以​​​​​​​ MB 为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​,最​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 32MB,最​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 2048MB。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​型​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​越​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​越​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​,mkfs.gfs2 会​​​​​​​根​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​择​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​:中​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 256MB,大​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​较​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​获​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​好​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-t LockTableName
在​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ lock_dlm 协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​表​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​字​​​​​​​段​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​唯​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​识​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​序​​​​​​​,lock_nolock 协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​冒​​​​​​​号​​​​​​​隔​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​(没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​)如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​:ClusterName:FSName。​​​​​​​
ClusterName,用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​,只​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​员​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​权​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ Cluster Configuration Tool 在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ /etc/cluster/cluster.conf 中​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​红​​​​​​​帽​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​套​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​ GUI 的​​​​​​​ Cluster Status Tool 中​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
FSName,文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​,长​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ 1-16 个​​​​​​​字​​​​​​​符​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​,且​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-u MegaBytes Specifies the initial size of each journal's unlinked tag file.
-V 显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.2. 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

Before you can mount a GFS2 file system, the file system must exist (refer to 第 3.1 节 “生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​”), the volume where the file system exists must be activated, and the supporting clustering and locking systems must be started (refer to Configuring and Managing a Red Hat Cluster). After those requirements have been met, you can mount the GFS2 file system as you would any Linux file system.
要​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ ACL,您​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ -o acl 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ -o acl 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​ ACL(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ getfacl),但​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ setfacl)。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

Mounting Without ACL Manipulation
mount BlockDevice MountPoint
Mounting With ACL Manipulation
mount -o acl BlockDevice MountPoint
-o acl
GFS2 允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ ACL 的​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,位​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ /dev/vg01/lvol0 的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount /dev/vg01/lvol0 /mygfs2

完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

mount BlockDevice MountPoint -o option
The -o option argument consists of GFS2-specific options (refer to 表 3.2 “GFS2 特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​”) or acceptable standard Linux mount -o options, or a combination of both. Multiple option parameters are separated by a comma and no spaces.

注意

mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ Linux 系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​论​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​准​​​​​​​ mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​(例​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​:-r)。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​ Linux mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​ mount man page。​​​​​​​

表 3.2. GFS2 特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​

选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​ 描​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​
acl 允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ ACL。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ acl 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,那​​​​​​​么​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​ ACL(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ getfacl),但​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​(使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ setfacl)。​​​​​​​
data=[ordered|writeback] 当​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ data=ordered 时​​​​​​​,处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​递​​​​​​​交​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​冲​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​让​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​未​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​化​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ data=writeback 时​​​​​​​,用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​何​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​候​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​ ordered 模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​保​​​​​​​障​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​稍​​​​​​​微​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​工​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ ordered 模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
ignore_local_fs
警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​:在​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​ GFS2 将​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​视​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​机​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ lock_nolock 自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​ localcaching 和​​​​​​​ localflocks 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
localcaching
警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​:在​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
告​​​​​​​知​​​​​​​ GFS2 它​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​ GFS2 可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​最​​​​​​​佳​​​​​​​功​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​lock_nolock 可​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​ localcaching 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
localflocks
警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​:在​​​​​​​共​​​​​​​享​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
告​​​​​​​知​​​​​​​ GFS2 让​​​​​​​ VFS(虚​​​​​​​拟​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​)层​​​​​​​完​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​ flock 和​​​​​​​ fcntl 操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​lock_nolock 可​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​ localflocks 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
lockproto=LockModuleName 允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ LockModuleName,则​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​超​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​读​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​协​​​​​​​议​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
locktable=LockTableName 允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​表​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
quota=[off/account/on] 为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​闭​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ account 状​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​让​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​维​​​​​​​护​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ UID/GID 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​计​​​​​​​,忽​​​​​​​略​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ off。​​​​​​​
upgrade 升​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​便​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.3. 卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ Linux 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​相​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ — 即​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ umount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

注意

umount 是​​​​​​​ Linux 系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​ Linux umount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​ man page。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

umount MountPoint
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.4. GFS2 配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​

文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​非​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​GFS2 会​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​断​​​​​​​跟​​​​​​​踪​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​,即​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​也​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​GFS2 以​​​​​​​互​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
To prevent a performance slowdown, a GFS2 node synchronizes updates to the quota file only periodically. The "fuzzy" quota accounting can allow users or groups to slightly exceed the set limit. To minimize this, GFS2 dynamically reduces the synchronization period as a "hard" quota limit is approached.
GFS2 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​ gfs2_quota 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​ Linux 配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​工​​​​​​​具​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 中​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.4.1. 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​

每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​ ID(UID)或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ 组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​ ID(GID)都​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​:硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​超​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 0 表​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​常​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​达​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​知​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​,提​​​​​​​醒​​​​​​​他​​​​​​​们​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 0 表​​​​​​​明​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
请​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_quota 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 的​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
By default, quota enforcement is not set on GFS2 file systems. To enable quota accounting, use the quota= of the mount command when mounting the GFS2 file system, as described in 第 3.4.4 节 “启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​/禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​”.

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

Setting Quotas, Hard Limit
gfs2_quota limit -u User -l Size -f MountPoint
gfs2_quota limit -g Group -l Size -f MountPoint
Setting Quotas, Warn Limit
gfs2_quota warn -u User -l Size -f MountPoint
gfs2_quota warn -g Group -l Size -f MountPoint
User
要​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​ ID。​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​密​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ UID 号​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Group
要​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​ ID。​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​密​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ GID 号​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Size
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ MB。​​​​​​​附​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ -k、​​​​​​​-s 和​​​​​​​ -b 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ kb、​​​​​​​扇​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​ Bert 在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 中​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 1024MB(1GB)。​​​​​​​
gfs2_quota limit -u Bert -l 1024 -f /mygfs2
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​ ID 21 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 50kb。​​​​​​​
gfs2_quota warn -g 21 -l 50 -k -f /mygfs2

3.4.2. 显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_quota get 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_quota list 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​,此​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​包​​​​​​​括​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​非​​​​​​​零​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​、​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​列​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ ID。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

Displaying Quota Limits for a User
gfs2_quota get -u User -f MountPoint
Displaying Quota Limits for a Group
gfs2_quota get -g Group -f MountPoint
Displaying Entire Quota File
gfs2_quota list -f MountPoint
User
显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​ ID,它​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​密​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ UID 号​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Group
显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​ ID,它​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​密​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ GID 号​​​​​​​码​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​输​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​

gfs2_quota 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​:
user User: limit:LimitSize warn:WarnSize value:Value

group Group: limit:LimitSize warn:WarnSize value:Value

LimitSize、​​​​​​​WarnSize 和​​​​​​​ Value 数​​​​​​​字​​​​​​​(数​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​)默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ MB 为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​ -k、​​​​​​​-s 和​​​​​​​ -b 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ kb、​​​​​​​扇​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
User
数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ ID。​​​​​​​
Group
数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ ID。​​​​​​​
LimitSize
用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​,如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​则​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 0。​​​​​​​
Value
用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​实​​​​​​​际​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

注​​​​​​​释​​​​​​​

如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​ -n 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​,那​​​​​​​么​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,gfs2_quota 将​​​​​​​无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ UID 和​​​​​​​ GID 解​​​​​​​析​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​称​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Space allocated to GFS2's hidden files can be left out of displayed values for the root UID and GID by adding the -d option to the command line. This is useful when trying to match the numbers from gfs2_quota with the results of a du command.

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​带​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_quota list -f /mygfs2
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​扇​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 中​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​ users 的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_quota get -g users -f /mygfs2 -s

3.4.3. 同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​

GFS2 在​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​身​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​保​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​GFS2 节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​,它​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​ 60 秒​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​避​​​​​​​免​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​冲​​​​​​​突​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​很​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​,这​​​​​​​种​​​​​​​冲​​​​​​​突​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​近​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​,GFS2 会​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​减​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​周​​​​​​​期​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​便​​​​​​​防​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​超​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​般​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​周​​​​​​​期​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​调​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​ quota_quantum。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​,时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​周​​​​​​​期​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 60 秒​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ quota_quantum 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​(修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ quota_quantum 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​续​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​)
您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_quota sync 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

Synchronizing Quota Information
gfs2_quota sync -f MountPoint
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Tuning the Time Between Synchronizations
gfs2_tool settune MountPoint quota_quantum Seconds
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Seconds
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 对​​​​​​​常​​​​​​​规​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​化​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​周​​​​​​​期​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​越​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​,竞​​​​​​​争​​​​​​​越​​​​​​​激​​​​​​​烈​​​​​​​,同​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_quota sync -f /mygfs2
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 的​​​​​​​常​​​​​​​规​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​周​​​​​​​期​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​(3600 秒​​​​​​​)。​​​​​​​
gfs2_tool settune /mygfs2 quota_quantum 3600

3.4.4. 启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​/禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ quota=on 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

mount -o quota=on BlockDevice MountPoint
要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ quota=off 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount -o quota=off BlockDevice MountPoint
-o quota={on|off}
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,/dev/vg01/lvol0 中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount -o quota=on /dev/vg01/lvol0 /mygfs2

3.4.5. 启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​

有​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​跟​​​​​​​踪​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​维​​​​​​​护​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​做​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ quota=account 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

mount -o quota=account BlockDevice MountPoint
-o quota=account
即​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​维​​​​​​​护​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​户​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​计​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,/dev/vg01/lvol0 中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount -o quota=account /dev/vg01/lvol0 /mygfs2

3.5. 增​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

gfs2_grow 是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs2_grow 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​则​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​填​​​​​​​满​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​终​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​带​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​终​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​剩​​​​​​​余​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​完​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​填​​​​​​​充​​​​​​​工​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,会​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​索​​​​​​​引​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​则​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​外​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_grow 必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​感​​​​​​​觉​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

gfs2_grow MountPoint
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

注​​​​​​​释​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs2_grow 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​:
  • 备​​​​​​​份​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ df MountPoint 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • Expand the underlying cluster volume with LVM. For information on administering LVM volumes, see the LVM Administrator's Guide
运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs2_grow 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ df 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ /mygfs2fs 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@dash-01 ~]# gfs2_grow /mygfs2fs
FS: Mount Point: /mygfs2fs
FS: Device:      /dev/mapper/gfs2testvg-gfs2testlv
FS: Size:        524288 (0x80000)
FS: RG size:     65533 (0xfffd)
DEV: Size:       655360 (0xa0000)
The file system grew by 512MB.
gfs2_grow complete.

完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

gfs2_grow [Options] {MountPoint | Device} [MountPoint | Device]

MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Device
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

表 3.3. 扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​

选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​ 描​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​
-h 帮​​​​​​​助​​​​​​​,显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​简​​​​​​​短​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-q 静​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​,降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​细​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-r MegaBytes 指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​源​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​,默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 256MB。​​​​​​​
-T 测​​​​​​​试​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​完​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​计​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​向​​​​​​​磁​​​​​​​盘​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​,也​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-V 显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.6. 在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

gfs2_jadd 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​任​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,且​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​基​​​​​​​础​​​​​​​逻​​​​​​​辑​​​​​​​卷​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​gfs2_jadd 必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​,但​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​感​​​​​​​觉​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​扩​​​​​​​展​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
在​​​​​​​向​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ journals 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​找​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​含​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​少​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2 的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ../cluster/gfs2]# gfs2_tool journals /mnt/gfs2
journal2 - 128MB
journal1 - 128MB
journal0 - 128MB
3 journal(s) found.

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

gfs2_jadd -j Number MountPoint
Number
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,在​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_jadd -j1 /mygfs2
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,在​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_jadd -j2 /mygfs2

完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

gfs2_jadd [Options] {MountPoint | Device} [MountPoint | Device]
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Device
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

表 3.4. 添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 特​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​

标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​ 参​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​ 描​​​​​​​述​​​​​​​
-h 帮​​​​​​​助​​​​​​​,显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​简​​​​​​​短​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-J MegaBytes 以​​​​​​​ MB 为​​​​​​​单​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 128MB,最​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 32MB。​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​,必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs2_jadd 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​断​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​区​​​​​​​段​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-j Number 用​​​​​​​ gfs2_jadd 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​,默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​值​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 1。​​​​​​​
-q 静​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​,降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​细​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
-V 显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​版​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.7. 数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

Ordinarily, GFS2 writes only metadata to its journal. File contents are subsequently written to disk by the kernel's periodic sync that flushes file system buffers. An fsync() call on a file causes the file's data to be written to disk immediately. The call returns when the disk reports that all data is safely written.
数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​减​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​ fsync() 时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​,特​​​​​​​别​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​小​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​元​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​外​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​ fsync() 就​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​返​​​​​​​回​​​​​​​,这​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​就​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​主​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​迅​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
依​​​​​​​赖​​​​​​​ fsync() 同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​序​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​因​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​而​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​记​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​子​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​长​​​​​​​度​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ 0 的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​也​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​闭​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​功​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
Enabling data journaling on a directory sets the directory to "inherit jdata", which indicates that all files and directories subsequently created in that directory are journaled. You can enable and disable data journaling on a file or a directory with either of the following methods:
  • 在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ chattr +j 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ chattr -j
  • 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool setflag 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool clearflag 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​清​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​
使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ chattr 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​首​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.7.1. 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ chattr 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ chattr 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​功​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​检​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​否​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# chattr +j /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​否​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# chattr -j /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
------------- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
您​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ chattr 在​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​当​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,之​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​也​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​组​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ gfs2_dir 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ j 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​否​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,该​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ newfile 新​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​,然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​否​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ j 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ j 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​也​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ newfile 启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# chattr -j /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
[root@roth-01 ~]# touch /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile

3.7.2. 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool 启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​

以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2/gfs2file 中​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# gfs2_tool setflag jdata /mnt/gfs2/gfs2file 
您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ lsattr 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2file
当​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,之​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​创​​​​​​​建​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​操​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /mnt/gfs2 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ gfs2_dir 的​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​子​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,这​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​ gfs2file,然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​正​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@roth-01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
[root@roth-01 ~]# gfs2_tool setflag jdata /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
[root@roth-01 ~]# touch /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir
---------j--- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2_dir/newfile
要​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​清​​​​​​​除​​​​​​​ jdata 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool clearflag jdata 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​,如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​:
[root@roth-01 ~]# gfs2_tool clearflag jdata /mnt/gfs2/gfs2file 
[root@roth-01 ~]# lsattr /mnt/gfs2
------------- /mnt/gfs2/gfs2file

3.8. 配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​

每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​三​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​与​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​相​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​戳​​​​​​​:
  • ctime — 最​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​状​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​
  • mtime — 最​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​(或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​)数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​
  • atime — 最​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​访​​​​​​​问​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​(或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​)数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​间​​​​​​​
如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 和​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​ Linux 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​,那​​​​​​​么​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​读​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​应​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​程​​​​​​​序​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ atime 提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​,那​​​​​​​些​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​流​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​锁​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​流​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​流​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​尽​​​​​​​量​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​闭​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​频​​​​​​​率​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
有​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​来​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​效​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​:
  • 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ relatime(relative atime)挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​ mtime 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ ctime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​旧​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​ atime。​​​​​​​
  • 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ noatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

3.8.1. 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ relatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​

当​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ relatime(相​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​ atime,relative atime)Linux 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​ mtime 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ ctime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​旧​​​​​​​,这​​​​​​​就​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​ atime。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

mount  BlockDevice MountPoint -o relatime
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ /dev/vg01/lvol0,并​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​ /mygfs2。​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​ mtime 或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​ ctime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​旧​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​才​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount /dev/vg01/lvol0 /mygfs2 -o relatime

3.8.2. 使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ noatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​

当​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ Linux 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​ noatime,它​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​那​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

mount BlockDevice MountPoint -o noatime
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​ /dev/vg01/lvol0,并​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 中​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​闭​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount /dev/vg01/lvol0 /mygfs2 -o noatime

3.9. 在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​

您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_tool freeze 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​基​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​硬​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​照​​​​​​​捕​​​​​​​获​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​状​​​​​​​态​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​gfs2_tool unfreeze 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​终​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

Start Suspension
gfs2_tool freeze MountPoint
End Suspension
gfs2_tool unfreeze MountPoint
MountPoint
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 的​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_tool freeze /mygfs2
这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​终​​​​​​​止​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​ /mygfs2 写​​​​​​​入​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
gfs2_tool unfreeze /mygfs2

3.10. 修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

当​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​失​​​​​​​败​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​快​​​​​​​速​​​​​​​恢​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​但​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​断​​​​​​​电​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​断​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​物​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​连​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​,则​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​(无​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​存​​​​​​​储​​​​​​​子​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​失​​​​​​​败​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​)当​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​种​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

警告

fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​必​​​​​​​须​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​运​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

注意

如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs_fsck 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​经​​​​​​​验​​​​​​​,请​​​​​​​注​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​ fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​面​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​发​​​​​​​布​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ gfs_fsck 有​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​:
  • 您​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ Ctrl+C 设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​互​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​模​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​按​​​​​​​ Ctrl+C 会​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​消​​​​​​​ fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​ 按​​​​​​​ Ctrl+C,除​​​​​​​非​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​想​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​取​​​​​​​消​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ -v 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​细​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​第​​​​​​​二​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ -v 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​再​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​高​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • 您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ -q 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​细​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​第​​​​​​​二​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​ -q 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​再​​​​​​​次​​​​​​​降​​​​​​​低​​​​​​​等​​​​​​​级​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  • -n 会​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​只​​​​​​​读​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​打​​​​​​​开​​​​​​​某​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​询​​​​​​​回​​​​​​​答​​​​​​​ no。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​ fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​效​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​找​​​​​​​出​​​​​​​错​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​方​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​它​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​详​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​参​​​​​​​考​​​​​​​ fsck.gf2 man page。​​​​​​​

用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​

fsck.gfs2 -y BlockDevice
-y
-y 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​问​​​​​​​题​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​回​​​​​​​答​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ yes。​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ -y 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,fsck.gfs2 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​则​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​改​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​回​​​​​​​答​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
BlockDevice
指​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​

在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​,修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​ /dev/testvol/testlv 中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​询​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​回​​​​​​​答​​​​​​​都​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ yes。​​​​​​​
[root@dash-01 ~]# fsck.gfs2 -y /dev/testvg/testlv
Initializing fsck
Validating Resource Group index.
Level 1 RG check.
(level 1 passed)
Clearing journals (this may take a while)...
Journals cleared.
Starting pass1
Pass1 complete
Starting pass1b
Pass1b complete
Starting pass1c
Pass1c complete
Starting pass2
Pass2 complete
Starting pass3
Pass3 complete
Starting pass4
Pass4 complete
Starting pass5
Pass5 complete
Writing changes to disk
fsck.gfs2 complete

3.11. 绑​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​

GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​(CDPN)的​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​,CDPN 允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​指​​​​​​​向​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​地​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​符​​​​​​​号​​​​​​​链​​​​​​​接​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ GFS2 中​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ bind 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​实​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​功​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ bind 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​允​​​​​​​许​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​重​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​部​​​​​​​分​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​结​​​​​​​构​​​​​​​,且​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​初​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​仍​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​格​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​:
mount --bind olddir newdir
执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,olddir 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​:olddir 和​​​​​​​ newdir。​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​两​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​位​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​独​​​​​​​立​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
例​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​:在​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,/root/tmp 中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ /var/log 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@menscryfa ~]# cd ~root
[root@menscryfa ~]# mkdir ./tmp
[root@menscryfa ~]# mount --bind /var/log /tmp
另​​​​​​​外​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ /etc/fstab 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​结​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​/etc/fstab 中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​ /root/tmp 的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​ /var/log 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​内​​​​​​​容​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​致​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
/var/log                /root/tmp               none    bind            0 0
在​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ mount 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​查​​​​​​​看​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​否​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​,如​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​:
[root@menscryfa ~]# mount | grep /tmp
/var/log on /root/tmp type none (rw,bind)
对​​​​​​​于​​​​​​​支​​​​​​​持​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ /bin 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​义​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​,并​​​​​​​根​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​构​​​​​​​架​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​解​​​​​​​析​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​之​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​:
/usr/i386-bin
/usr/x86_64-bin
/usr/ppc64-bin
您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​通​​​​​​​过​​​​​​​生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​空​​​​​​​ /bin 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​得​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​样​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​结​​​​​​​果​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​然​​​​​​​后​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​或​​​​​​​者​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /etc/fstab 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​,将​​​​​​​每​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​独​​​​​​​立​​​​​​​构​​​​​​​架​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ mount -bind 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​到​​​​​​​ /bin 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​:您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​:
mount --bind /usr/i386-bin /bin
另​​​​​​​外​​​​​​​,您​​​​​​​还​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ /etc/fstab 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​:
/usr/1386-bin             /bin               none    bind            0 0
绑​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​提​​​​​​​供​​​​​​​比​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​灵​​​​​​​活​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​,因​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​此​​​​​​​特​​​​​​​性​​​​​​​根​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​义​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​不​​​​​​​同​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​(比​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​ %fill 值​​​​​​​)。​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​对​​​​​​​其​​​​​​​可​​​​​​​处​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​环​​​​​​​境​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​更​​​​​​​多​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​注​​​​​​​意​​​​​​​:您​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​需​​​​​​​要​​​​​​​根​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​条​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​(比​​​​​​​如​​​​​​​ %fill)编​​​​​​​写​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​自​​​​​​​己​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​脚​​​​​​​本​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

警告

当​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ bind 选​​​​​​​项​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​,且​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​始​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​ rw 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​时​​​​​​​,新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​也​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​ rw 形​​​​​​​式​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​,即​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​您​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​ ro 标​​​​​​​签​​​​​​​,ro 则​​​​​​​被​​​​​​​静​​​​​​​默​​​​​​​忽​​​​​​​略​​​​​​​了​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​这​​​​​​​种​​​​​​​情​​​​​​​况​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​,可​​​​​​​能​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​ /proc/mounts 目​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​标​​​​​​​记​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ ro 而​​​​​​​引​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​误​​​​​​​导​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​

附录 A. 将​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​ GFS 转​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2

要​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​转​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​请​​​​​​​使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ gfs2_convert 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  1. 将​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​从​​​​​​​群​​​​​​​集​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​所​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​节​​​​​​​点​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  2. 在​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs_fsck 命​​​​​​​令​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​没​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​崩​​​​​​​溃​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  3. 重​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​份​​​​​​​现​​​​​​​有​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
  4. 卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​执​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​ gfs2_convertgfsfilesystem。​​​​​​​该​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​会​​​​​​​显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​警​​​​​​​告​​​​​​​信​​​​​​​息​​​​​​​并​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ gfsfilesystem 转​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2 之​​​​​​​前​​​​​​​进​​​​​​​行​​​​​​​确​​​​​​​认​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
以​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​例​​​​​​​是​​​​​​​在​​​​​​​块​​​​​​​设​​​​​​​备​​​​​​​ /dev/testvg/testlv 中​​​​​​​将​​​​​​​ GFS 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​转​​​​​​​换​​​​​​​为​​​​​​​ GFS2 文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​。​​​​​​​
[root@dash-01 ~]# gfs2_convert /dev/testvg/testlv
gfs2_convert version 2 (built Sep 25 2007 12:41:29)
Copyright (C) Red Hat, Inc.  2004-2006  All rights reserved.

This program will convert a gfs1 filesystem to a gfs2 filesystem.
WARNING: This can't be undone.  It is strongly advised that you:

   1. Back up your entire filesystem first.
   2. Run gfs_fsck first to ensure filesystem integrity.
   3. Make sure the filesystem is NOT mounted from any node.
   4. Make sure you have the latest software versions.
Convert /dev/testvg/testlv from GFS1 to GFS2? (y/n)y
Converting resource groups.
Converting inodes.
6 inodes converted.
Fixing file and directory information.
1 directories, 2 dirents fixed.
Converting journals.
Converting journal space to rg space.
Building system structures.
Removing obsolete gfs1 structures.
Committing changes to disk.
/dev/gfs2testvg/gfs2testlv: filesystem converted successfully to gfs2.
[root@dash-01 ~]#

附录 B. 修​​​​​​​订​​​​​​​记​​​​​​​录​​​​​​​

修订历史
修订 3-10.4002013-10-31Rüdiger Landmann
Rebuild with publican 4.0.0
修订 3-102012-07-18Anthony Towns
Rebuild for Publican 3.0
修订 1.0-0Thu Jan 29 2009

索引

F

feedback,反​​​​​​​馈​​​​​​​
file system
adding journals,在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​添​​​​​​​加​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​
atime, configuring updates,配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​
mounting with noatime ,使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ noatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​
mounting with relatime ,使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ relatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​
bind mounts,绑​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​
context-dependent path names (CDPNs),绑​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​以​​​​​​​及​​​​​​​上​​​​​​​下​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​关​​​​​​​联​​​​​​​路​​​​​​​径​​​​​​​名​​​​​​​
data journaling,数​​​​​​​据​​​​​​​日​​​​​​​志​​​​​​​
growing,增​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​
making,生​​​​​​​成​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​
mounting,挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​
quota management,GFS2 配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​
displaying quota limits,显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​
enabling quota accounting,启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​
enabling/disabling quota enforcement,启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​/禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​
setting quotas,设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​
synchronizing quotas,同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​
repairing,修​​​​​​​复​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​
suspending activity,在​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​中​​​​​​​挂​​​​​​​起​​​​​​​一​​​​​​​个​​​​​​​动​​​​​​​作​​​​​​​
unmounting,卸​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

G

GFS2
atime, configuring updates,配​​​​​​​置​​​​​​​ atime 更​​​​​​​新​​​​​​​
mounting with noatime ,使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ noatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​
mounting with relatime ,使​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​ relatime 挂​​​​​​​载​​​​​​​
managing,管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​ GFS2
quota management,GFS2 配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​管​​​​​​​理​​​​​​​
displaying quota limits,显​​​​​​​示​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​限​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​和​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​
enabling quota accounting,启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​核​​​​​​​算​​​​​​​
enabling/disabling quota enforcement,启​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​/禁​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​强​​​​​​​制​​​​​​​
setting quotas,设​​​​​​​定​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​
synchronizing quotas,同​​​​​​​步​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​配​​​​​​​额​​​​​​​
GFS2 file system maximum size,GFS2 总​​​​​​​览​​​​​​​
GFS2-specific options for adding journals table,完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​
GFS2-specific options for expanding file systems table,完​​​​​​​整​​​​​​​用​​​​​​​法​​​​​​​
growing a file system,增​​​​​​​大​​​​​​​的​​​​​​​文​​​​​​​件​​​​​​​系​​​​​​​统​​​​​​​

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