start length mapping [mapping_parameters...]

0 35258368 linear 8:48 65920
35258368 35258368 linear 8:32 65920
70516736 17694720 linear 8:16 17694976
88211456 17694720 linear 8:16 256

start length linear device offset

0 16384000 linear 8:2 41156992

0 20971520 linear /dev/hda 384

start length striped #stripes chunk_size device1 offset1 ... deviceN offsetN

0 73728 striped 3 128 8:9 384 8:8 384 8:7 9789824

0 65536 striped 2 512 /dev/hda 0 /dev/hdb 0

start length mirror log_type #logargs logarg1 ... logargN #devs device1 offset1 ... deviceN offsetN

0 52428800 mirror clustered_disk 4 253:2 1024 UUID block_on_error 3 253:3 0 253:4 0 253:5 0

# lvcreate -L 1G -n base volumeGroup
# lvcreate -L 100M --snapshot -n snap volumeGroup/base

# dmsetup table|grep volumeGroup
volumeGroup-base-real: 0 2097152 linear 8:19 384
volumeGroup-snap-cow: 0 204800 linear 8:19 2097536
volumeGroup-snap: 0 2097152 snapshot 254:11 254:12 P 16
volumeGroup-base: 0 2097152 snapshot-origin 254:11

# ls -lL /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-*
brw-------  1 root root 254, 11 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base-real
brw-------  1 root root 254, 12 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-snap-cow
brw-------  1 root root 254, 13 29 ago 18:15 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-snap
brw-------  1 root root 254, 10 29 ago 18:14 /dev/mapper/volumeGroup-base

start length snapshot-origin origin

start length snapshot origin COW-device P|N chunksize

0 2097152 snapshot-origin 254:11

0 2097152 snapshot 254:11 254:12 P 16

0 65536 error

0 65536 zero

A.1.7. マルチパスマッピングターゲット

マルチパスマッピングターゲットはマルチパス化したデバイスのマッピングをサポート します。multipath ターゲットの形式は以下のようになります:

start length  multipath  #features [feature1 ... featureN] #handlerargs [handlerarg1 ... handlerargN] #pathgroups pathgroup pathgroupargs1 ... pathgroupargsN

それぞれのパスグループ用に１つのセットの pathgroupargs パラメータ群があります。

start

仮想デバイス内の始点ブロック

length

このセグメントの長さ

#features

マルチパス機能の数量です。それらの機能がその後に付きます。このパラメータがゼロ であれば、feature パラメータは存在せず、次の デバイスマッピングパラメータは #handlerargs となります。 現在、１つだけサポートされているマルチパス機能があります。queue_if_no_path です。 これは、現在パスがない場合にこのマルチパス化したデバイスが I/O オペレーションをキューする ようにセットすると言う意味です。

例えば、multipath.conf ファイル内の no_path_retry オプションが、指定した回数のパス使用試行の後に全てのパスが失敗とマークされる時までのみ I/O オペレーションをキューするようにセットされている場合には、そのマッピングは、全ての パスチェッカーがチェックに指定回数失敗するまで、以下のように見えます。

0 71014400 multipath 1 queue_if_no_path 0 2 1 round-robin 0 2 1 66:128 \
1000 65:64 1000 round-robin 0 2 1 8:0 1000 67:192 1000

全てのパスチェッカーがチェックに指定回数失敗した後には、マッピングは 以下のように見えるでしょう。

0 71014400 multipath 0 0 2 1 round-robin 0 2 1 66:128 1000 65:64 1000 \
round-robin 0 2 1 8:0 1000 67:192 1000

#handlerargs

ハードウェアハンドラー引数の数量です。それらの引数がその後に付きます。 ハードウェアハンドラーは、パスグループを切り替える時、又は I/O エラーを 処理する時に、ハードウェア特有のアクションを実行するために使用されるモジュールを 指定します。これがゼロにセットしてある場合は、次のパラメータは #pathgroups となります。

#pathgroups

パスグループの数量です。バスグループとは、マルチパス化したデバイスがロードバランスを 行うパスのセットのことです。それぞれのパスグループに１つのセットの pathgroupargs パラメータがあります。

pathgroup

試行する次のパスグループ

pathgroupsargs

各パスグループは以下の引数で構成されます:

pathselector #selectorargs #paths #pathargs device1 ioreqs1 ... deviceN ioreqsN 

パスグループ内の各パス用に１つのセットのパス引数群があります。

pathselector

次の I/O オペレーションで使用するのにこのパスグループ内でのパスを決定するために 使用するアルゴリズムを指定します。

#selectorargs

マルチパスマッピング内のこの引数に従うパスセレクタ引数の数量。現在、この 引数の値は常に 0 （ゼロ）です。

#paths

このパスグループ内のパスの数量

#pathargs

このグループ内の各パス用に指定されたパス引数の数量。現在、この数は 常に 1 で ioreqs 引数です。

device

パスのブロックデバイス数。major:minor の形式で、メジャーとマイナー番号によって参照されます。

ioreqs

現在のグループ内の次のパスへ切り替えるまでのこのパスへ巡回する I/O 要求の数。

図A.1「マルチパスマッピングターゲット」 shows the format of a multipath target with two path groups.

図A.1 マルチパスマッピングターゲット

以下の例では、同じマルチパスデバイスのための純粋なフェイルオーバー ターゲットの定義を示しています。このターゲットでは、４つのパスグループが あります。マルチパス化したデバイスが一度に１つのパスのみを使用するように パスグループ毎に１つのパスのみが開いています。

0 71014400 multipath 0 0 4 1 round-robin 0 1 1 66:112 1000 \
round-robin 0 1 1 67:176 1000 round-robin 0 1 1 68:240 1000 \
round-robin 0 1 1 65:48 1000

次の例では、同じマルチパス化したデバイスのための完全に拡散した (multibus) ターゲットを示しています。このターゲットでは、すべてのパスを含む１つのパス グループのみが存在しています。このセットアップでは、マルチパスはパスの 全てに渡って均等に負荷を拡散します。

0 71014400 multipath 0 0 1 1 round-robin 0 4 1 66:112 1000 \
 67:176 1000 68:240 1000 65:48 1000

マルチパッシングに関する詳細情報には、『デバイスマッパーマルチパスの 使用法（Using Device Mapper Multipath）』 をご覧下さい

start length crypt cipher key IV-offset device offset

0 2097152 crypt aes-plain 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef 0 /dev/hda 0

[root@tng3-1 lvm]# cat /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
# This is an example configuration file for the LVM2 system.
# It contains the default settings that would be used if there was no
# /etc/lvm/lvm.conf file.
#
# Refer to 'man lvm.conf' for further information including the file layout.
#
# To put this file in a different directory and override /etc/lvm set
# the environment variable LVM_SYSTEM_DIR before running the tools.


# This section allows you to configure which block devices should
# be used by the LVM system.
devices {

    # Where do you want your volume groups to appear ?
    dir = "/dev"

    # An array of directories that contain the device nodes you wish
    # to use with LVM2.
    scan = [ "/dev" ]

    # If several entries in the scanned directories correspond to the
    # same block device and the tools need to display a name for device,
    # all the pathnames are matched against each item in the following
    # list of regular expressions in turn and the first match is used.
    preferred_names = [ ]

    # Try to avoid using undescriptive /dev/dm-N names, if present.
    # preferred_names = [ "^/dev/mpath/", "^/dev/mapper/mpath", "^/dev/[hs]d" ]

    # A filter that tells LVM2 to only use a restricted set of devices.
    # The filter consists of an array of regular expressions.  These
    # expressions can be delimited by a character of your choice, and
    # prefixed with either an 'a' (for accept) or 'r' (for reject).
    # The first expression found to match a device name determines if
    # the device will be accepted or rejected (ignored).  Devices that
    # don't match any patterns are accepted.

    # Be careful if there there are symbolic links or multiple filesystem 
    # entries for the same device as each name is checked separately against
    # the list of patterns.  The effect is that if any name matches any 'a'
    # pattern, the device is accepted; otherwise if any name matches any 'r'
    # pattern it is rejected; otherwise it is accepted.

    # Don't have more than one filter line active at once: only one gets used.

    # Run vgscan after you change this parameter to ensure that
    # the cache file gets regenerated (see below).
    # If it doesn't do what you expect, check the output of 'vgscan -vvvv'.


    # By default we accept every block device:
    filter = [ "a/.*/" ]

    # Exclude the cdrom drive
    # filter = [ "r|/dev/cdrom|" ]

    # When testing I like to work with just loopback devices:
    # filter = [ "a/loop/", "r/.*/" ]

    # Or maybe all loops and ide drives except hdc:
    # filter =[ "a|loop|", "r|/dev/hdc|", "a|/dev/ide|", "r|.*|" ]

    # Use anchors if you want to be really specific
    # filter = [ "a|^/dev/hda8$|", "r/.*/" ]

    # The results of the filtering are cached on disk to avoid
    # rescanning dud devices (which can take a very long time).
    # By default this cache is stored in the /etc/lvm/cache directory
    # in a file called '.cache'.
    # It is safe to delete the contents: the tools regenerate it.
    # (The old setting 'cache' is still respected if neither of
    # these new ones is present.)
    cache_dir = "/etc/lvm/cache"
    cache_file_prefix = ""

    # You can turn off writing this cache file by setting this to 0.
    write_cache_state = 1

    # Advanced settings.

    # List of pairs of additional acceptable block device types found 
    # in /proc/devices with maximum (non-zero) number of partitions.
    # types = [ "fd", 16 ]

    # If sysfs is mounted (2.6 kernels) restrict device scanning to 
    # the block devices it believes are valid.
    # 1 enables; 0 disables.
    sysfs_scan = 1	

    # By default, LVM2 will ignore devices used as components of
    # software RAID (md) devices by looking for md superblocks.
    # 1 enables; 0 disables.
    md_component_detection = 1

    # By default, if a PV is placed directly upon an md device, LVM2
    # will align its data blocks with the the chunk_size exposed in sysfs.
    # 1 enables; 0 disables.
    md_chunk_alignment = 1

    # If, while scanning the system for PVs, LVM2 encounters a device-mapper
    # device that has its I/O suspended, it waits for it to become accessible.
    # Set this to 1 to skip such devices.  This should only be needed
    # in recovery situations.
    ignore_suspended_devices = 0
}

# This section that allows you to configure the nature of the
# information that LVM2 reports.
log {

    # Controls the messages sent to stdout or stderr.
    # There are three levels of verbosity, 3 being the most verbose.
    verbose = 0

    # Should we send log messages through syslog?
    # 1 is yes; 0 is no.
    syslog = 1

    # Should we log error and debug messages to a file?
    # By default there is no log file.
    #file = "/var/log/lvm2.log"

    # Should we overwrite the log file each time the program is run?
    # By default we append.
    overwrite = 0

    # What level of log messages should we send to the log file and/or syslog?
    # There are 6 syslog-like log levels currently in use - 2 to 7 inclusive.
    # 7 is the most verbose (LOG_DEBUG).
    level = 0
    
    # Format of output messages
    # Whether or not (1 or 0) to indent messages according to their severity
    indent = 1

    # Whether or not (1 or 0) to display the command name on each line output
    command_names = 0

    # A prefix to use before the message text (but after the command name,
    # if selected).  Default is two spaces, so you can see/grep the severity
    # of each message.
    prefix = "  "

    # To make the messages look similar to the original LVM tools use:
    #   indent = 0
    #   command_names = 1
    #   prefix = " -- "

    # Set this if you want log messages during activation.
    # Don't use this in low memory situations (can deadlock).
    # activation = 0
}

# Configuration of metadata backups and archiving.  In LVM2 when we
# talk about a 'backup' we mean making a copy of the metadata for the
# *current* system.  The 'archive' contains old metadata configurations.
# Backups are stored in a human readeable text format.
backup {

    # Should we maintain a backup of the current metadata configuration ?
    # Use 1 for Yes; 0 for No.
    # Think very hard before turning this off!
    backup = 1

    # Where shall we keep it ?
    # Remember to back up this directory regularly!
    backup_dir = "/etc/lvm/backup"

    # Should we maintain an archive of old metadata configurations.
    # Use 1 for Yes; 0 for No.
    # On by default.  Think very hard before turning this off.
    archive = 1

    # Where should archived files go ?
    # Remember to back up this directory regularly!
    archive_dir = "/etc/lvm/archive"
    
    # What is the minimum number of archive files you wish to keep ?
    retain_min = 10

    # What is the minimum time you wish to keep an archive file for ?
    retain_days = 30
}

# Settings for the running LVM2 in shell (readline) mode.
shell {

    # Number of lines of history to store in ~/.lvm_history
    history_size = 100
}


# Miscellaneous global LVM2 settings
global {
    library_dir = "/usr/lib64"
    
    # The file creation mask for any files and directories created.
    # Interpreted as octal if the first digit is zero.
    umask = 077

    # Allow other users to read the files
    #umask = 022

    # Enabling test mode means that no changes to the on disk metadata
    # will be made.  Equivalent to having the -t option on every
    # command.  Defaults to off.
    test = 0

    # Default value for --units argument
    units = "h"

    # Whether or not to communicate with the kernel device-mapper.
    # Set to 0 if you want to use the tools to manipulate LVM metadata 
    # without activating any logical volumes.
    # If the device-mapper kernel driver is not present in your kernel
    # setting this to 0 should suppress the error messages.
    activation = 1

    # If we can't communicate with device-mapper, should we try running 
    # the LVM1 tools?
    # This option only applies to 2.4 kernels and is provided to help you
    # switch between device-mapper kernels and LVM1 kernels.
    # The LVM1 tools need to be installed with .lvm1 suffices
    # e.g. vgscan.lvm1 and they will stop working after you start using
    # the new lvm2 on-disk metadata format.
    # The default value is set when the tools are built.
    # fallback_to_lvm1 = 0

    # The default metadata format that commands should use - "lvm1" or "lvm2".
    # The command line override is -M1 or -M2.
    # Defaults to "lvm1" if compiled in, else "lvm2".
    # format = "lvm1"

    # Location of proc filesystem
    proc = "/proc"

    # Type of locking to use. Defaults to local file-based locking (1).
    # Turn locking off by setting to 0 (dangerous: risks metadata corruption
    # if LVM2 commands get run concurrently).
    # Type 2 uses the external shared library locking_library.
    # Type 3 uses built-in clustered locking.
    locking_type = 3

    # If using external locking (type 2) and initialisation fails,
    # with this set to 1 an attempt will be made to use the built-in
    # clustered locking.
    # If you are using a customised locking_library you should set this to 0.
    fallback_to_clustered_locking = 1

    # If an attempt to initialise type 2 or type 3 locking failed, perhaps
    # because cluster components such as clvmd are not running, with this set
    # to 1 an attempt will be made to use local file-based locking (type 1).
    # If this succeeds, only commands against local volume groups will proceed.
    # Volume Groups marked as clustered will be ignored.
    fallback_to_local_locking = 1

    # Local non-LV directory that holds file-based locks while commands are
    # in progress.  A directory like /tmp that may get wiped on reboot is OK.
    locking_dir = "/var/lock/lvm"

    # Other entries can go here to allow you to load shared libraries
    # e.g. if support for LVM1 metadata was compiled as a shared library use
    #   format_libraries = "liblvm2format1.so" 
    # Full pathnames can be given.

    # Search this directory first for shared libraries.
    #   library_dir = "/lib"

    # The external locking library to load if locking_type is set to 2.
    #   locking_library = "liblvm2clusterlock.so"
}

activation {
    # How to fill in missing stripes if activating an incomplete volume.
    # Using "error" will make inaccessible parts of the device return
    # I/O errors on access.  You can instead use a device path, in which 
    # case, that device will be used to in place of missing stripes.
    # But note that using anything other than "error" with mirrored 
    # or snapshotted volumes is likely to result in data corruption.
    missing_stripe_filler = "error"

    # How much stack (in KB) to reserve for use while devices suspended
    reserved_stack = 256

    # How much memory (in KB) to reserve for use while devices suspended
    reserved_memory = 8192

    # Nice value used while devices suspended
    process_priority = -18

    # If volume_list is defined, each LV is only activated if there is a
    # match against the list.
    #   "vgname" and "vgname/lvname" are matched exactly.
    #   "@tag" matches any tag set in the LV or VG.
    #   "@*" matches if any tag defined on the host is also set in the LV or VG
    #
    # volume_list = [ "vg1", "vg2/lvol1", "@tag1", "@*" ]

    # Size (in KB) of each copy operation when mirroring
    mirror_region_size = 512

    # Setting to use when there is no readahead value stored in the metadata.
    #
    # "none" - Disable readahead.
    # "auto" - Use default value chosen by kernel.
    readahead = "auto"

    # 'mirror_image_fault_policy' and 'mirror_log_fault_policy' define
    # how a device failure affecting a mirror is handled.
    # A mirror is composed of mirror images (copies) and a log.
    # A disk log ensures that a mirror does not need to be re-synced
    # (all copies made the same) every time a machine reboots or crashes.
    #
    # In the event of a failure, the specified policy will be used to
    # determine what happens:
    #
    # "remove" - Simply remove the faulty device and run without it.  If
    #            the log device fails, the mirror would convert to using
    #            an in-memory log.  This means the mirror will not
    #            remember its sync status across crashes/reboots and
    #            the entire mirror will be re-synced.  If a
    #            mirror image fails, the mirror will convert to a
    #            non-mirrored device if there is only one remaining good
    #            copy.
    #
    # "allocate" - Remove the faulty device and try to allocate space on
    #            a new device to be a replacement for the failed device.
    #            Using this policy for the log is fast and maintains the
    #            ability to remember sync state through crashes/reboots.
    #            Using this policy for a mirror device is slow, as it
    #            requires the mirror to resynchronize the devices, but it
    #            will preserve the mirror characteristic of the device.
    #            This policy acts like "remove" if no suitable device and
    #            space can be allocated for the replacement.
    #            Currently this is not implemented properly and behaves
    #            similarly to:
    #
    # "allocate_anywhere" - Operates like "allocate", but it does not
    #            require that the new space being allocated be on a
    #            device is not part of the mirror.  For a log device
    #            failure, this could mean that the log is allocated on
    #            the same device as a mirror device.  For a mirror
    #            device, this could mean that the mirror device is
    #            allocated on the same device as another mirror device.
    #            This policy would not be wise for mirror devices
    #            because it would break the redundant nature of the
    #            mirror.  This policy acts like "remove" if no suitable
    #            device and space can be allocated for the replacement.

    mirror_log_fault_policy = "allocate"
    mirror_device_fault_policy = "remove"
}


####################
# Advanced section #
####################

# Metadata settings
#
# metadata {
    # Default number of copies of metadata to hold on each PV.  0, 1 or 2.
    # You might want to override it from the command line with 0 
    # when running pvcreate on new PVs which are to be added to large VGs.

    # pvmetadatacopies = 1

    # Approximate default size of on-disk metadata areas in sectors.
    # You should increase this if you have large volume groups or
    # you want to retain a large on-disk history of your metadata changes.

    # pvmetadatasize = 255

    # List of directories holding live copies of text format metadata.
    # These directories must not be on logical volumes!
    # It's possible to use LVM2 with a couple of directories here,
    # preferably on different (non-LV) filesystems, and with no other 
    # on-disk metadata (pvmetadatacopies = 0). Or this can be in
    # addition to on-disk metadata areas.
    # The feature was originally added to simplify testing and is not
    # supported under low memory situations - the machine could lock up.
    #
    # Never edit any files in these directories by hand unless you
    # you are absolutely sure you know what you are doing! Use
    # the supplied toolset to make changes (e.g. vgcfgrestore).

    # dirs = [ "/etc/lvm/metadata", "/mnt/disk2/lvm/metadata2" ]
#}

# Event daemon
#
dmeventd {
    # mirror_library is the library used when monitoring a mirror device.
    #
    # "libdevmapper-event-lvm2mirror.so" attempts to recover from
    # failures.  It removes failed devices from a volume group and
    # reconfigures a mirror as necessary. If no mirror library is
    # provided, mirrors are not monitored through dmeventd.

    mirror_library = "libdevmapper-event-lvm2mirror.so"

    # snapshot_library is the library used when monitoring a snapshot device.
    #
    # "libdevmapper-event-lvm2snapshot.so" monitors the filling of
    # snapshots and emits a warning through syslog, when the use of
    # snapshot exceedes 80%. The warning is repeated when 85%, 90% and
    # 95% of the snapshot are filled.

    snapshot_library = "libdevmapper-event-lvm2snapshot.so"
}

tags { tag1 { }  tag2 { host_list = ["host1"] } }

activation { volume_list = ["vg1/lvol0", "@database" ] }

tags { hosttags = 1 }

# Generated by LVM2: Tue Jan 30 16:28:15 2007

contents = "Text Format Volume Group"
version = 1

description = "Created *before* executing 'lvextend -L+5G /dev/myvg/mylv /dev/sdc'"

creation_host = "tng3-1"        # Linux tng3-1 2.6.18-8.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jan 26 14:15:21 EST 2007 i686
creation_time = 1170196095      # Tue Jan 30 16:28:15 2007

myvg {
        id = "0zd3UT-wbYT-lDHq-lMPs-EjoE-0o18-wL28X4"
        seqno = 3
        status = ["RESIZEABLE", "READ", "WRITE"]
        extent_size = 8192              # 4 Megabytes
        max_lv = 0
        max_pv = 0

        physical_volumes {

                pv0 {
                        id = "ZBW5qW-dXF2-0bGw-ZCad-2RlV-phwu-1c1RFt"
                        device = "/dev/sda"     # Hint only

                        status = ["ALLOCATABLE"]
                        dev_size = 35964301     # 17.1491 Gigabytes
                        pe_start = 384
                        pe_count = 4390 # 17.1484 Gigabytes
                }

                pv1 {
                        id = "ZHEZJW-MR64-D3QM-Rv7V-Hxsa-zU24-wztY19"
                        device = "/dev/sdb"     # Hint only

                        status = ["ALLOCATABLE"]
                        dev_size = 35964301     # 17.1491 Gigabytes
                        pe_start = 384
                        pe_count = 4390 # 17.1484 Gigabytes
                }

                pv2 {
                        id = "wCoG4p-55Ui-9tbp-VTEA-jO6s-RAVx-UREW0G"
                        device = "/dev/sdc"     # Hint only

                        status = ["ALLOCATABLE"]
                        dev_size = 35964301     # 17.1491 Gigabytes
                        pe_start = 384
                        pe_count = 4390 # 17.1484 Gigabytes
                }

                pv3 {
                        id = "hGlUwi-zsBg-39FF-do88-pHxY-8XA2-9WKIiA"
                        device = "/dev/sdd"     # Hint only

                        status = ["ALLOCATABLE"]
                        dev_size = 35964301     # 17.1491 Gigabytes
                        pe_start = 384
                        pe_count = 4390 # 17.1484 Gigabytes
                }
        }
        logical_volumes {

                mylv {
                        id = "GhUYSF-qVM3-rzQo-a6D2-o0aV-LQet-Ur9OF9"
                        status = ["READ", "WRITE", "VISIBLE"]
                        segment_count = 2

                        segment1 {
                                start_extent = 0
                                extent_count = 1280     # 5 Gigabytes

                                type = "striped"
                                stripe_count = 1        # linear

                                stripes = [
                                        "pv0", 0
                                ]
                        }
                        segment2 {
                                start_extent = 1280
                                extent_count = 1280     # 5 Gigabytes

                                type = "striped"
                                stripe_count = 1        # linear

                                stripes = [
                                        "pv1", 0
                                ]
                        }
                }
        }
}