Appendix A. Reference Material

javax.persistence.jdbc.driver

org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver

The class name of the JDBC driver to be used.

javax.persistence.jdbc.user

sa

The username.

javax.persistence.jdbc.password

The password.

javax.persistence.jdbc.url

jdbc:hsqldb:.

The JDBC connection URL.

hibernate.dialect

The class name of a Hibernate org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect. Allows Hibernate to generate SQL optimized for a particular relational database.

In most cases Hibernate will be able to choose the correct org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect implementation, based on the JDBC metadata returned by the JDBC driver.

hibernate.show_sql

Boolean. Writes all SQL statements to console. This is an alternative to setting the log category org.hibernate.SQL to debug.

hibernate.format_sql

Boolean. Pretty print the SQL in the log and console.

hibernate.default_schema

Qualify unqualified table names with the given schema/tablespace in generated SQL.

hibernate.default_catalog

Qualifies unqualified table names with the given catalog in generated SQL.

hibernate.session_factory_name

The org.hibernate.SessionFactory will be automatically bound to this name in Java Naming and Directory Interface after it has been created. For example, jndi/composite/name.Jpa

hibernate.max_fetch_depth

Sets a maximum depth for the outer join fetch tree for single-ended associations (one-to-one, many-to-one). A 0 disables default outer join fetching. The recommended value is between 0 and 3.

hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size

Sets a default size for Hibernate batch fetching of associations. The recommended values are 4, 8, and 16.

hibernate.default_entity_mode

Sets a default mode for entity representation for all sessions opened from this SessionFactory. Values include: dynamic-map, dom4j, pojo.

hibernate.order_updates

Boolean. Forces Hibernate to order SQL updates by the primary key value of the items being updated. This will result in fewer transaction deadlocks in highly concurrent systems.

hibernate.generate_statistics

Boolean. If enabled, Hibernate will collect statistics useful for performance tuning.

hibernate.use_identifier_rollback

Boolean. If enabled, generated identifier properties will be reset to default values when objects are deleted.

hibernate.use_sql_comments

Boolean. If turned on, Hibernate will generate comments inside the SQL, for easier debugging. Default value is false.

hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings

Boolean. This property is relevant when using @GeneratedValue. It indicates whether or not the new IdentifierGenerator implementations are used for javax.persistence.GenerationType.AUTO, javax.persistence.GenerationType.TABLE and javax.persistence.GenerationType.SEQUENCE. Default value is true.

hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy

Chooses the org.hibernate.cfg.NamingStrategy implementation when using Hibernate EntityManager. hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy is no longer supported in Hibernate 5.0. If used, a deprecation message will be logged indicating that it is no longer supported and has been removed in favor of the split ImplicitNamingStrategy and PhysicalNamingStrategy.

If the application does not use EntityManager, follow the instructions here to configure the NamingStrategy: Hibernate Reference Documentation - Naming Strategies.

For an example on native bootstrapping using MetadataBuilder and applying the implicit naming strategy, see http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/5.0/userguide/html_single/Hibernate_User_Guide.html#bootstrap-native-metadata in the Hibernate 5.0 documentation. The physical naming strategy can be applied by using MetadataBuilder.applyPhysicalNamingStrategy(). For further details on org.hibernate.boot.MetadataBuilder, see https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/5.0/javadocs/.

hibernate.implicit_naming_strategy

Specifies the org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.ImplicitNamingStrategy class to be used. hibernate.implicit_naming_strategy can also be used to configure a custom class that implements ImplicitNamingStrategy. Following short names are defined for this setting:

The default setting is defined by the ImplicitNamingStrategy in the default short name. If the default setting is empty, the fallback is to use ImplicitNamingStrategyJpaCompliantImpl.

hibernate.physical_naming_strategy

Pluggable strategy contract for applying physical naming rules for database object names. Specifies the PhysicalNamingStrategy class to be used. PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl is used by default. hibernate.physical_naming_strategy can also be used to configure a custom class that implements PhysicalNamingStrategy.

hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size

A non-zero value that determines the JDBC fetch size (calls Statement.setFetchSize()).

hibernate.jdbc.batch_size

A non-zero value enables use of JDBC2 batch updates by Hibernate. The recommended values are between 5 and 30.

hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data

Boolean. Set this property to true if the JDBC driver returns correct row counts from executeBatch(). Hibernate will then use batched DML for automatically versioned data. Default value is to false.

hibernate.jdbc.factory_class

Select a custom org.hibernate.jdbc.Batcher. Most applications will not need this configuration property.

hibernate.jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset

Boolean. Enables use of JDBC2 scrollable resultsets by Hibernate. This property is only necessary when using user-supplied JDBC connections. Hibernate uses connection metadata otherwise.

hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary

Boolean. This is a system-level property. Use streams when writing/reading binary or serializable types to/from JDBC.

hibernate.jdbc.use_get_generated_keys

Boolean. Enables use of PreparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys() to retrieve natively generated keys after insert. Requires JDBC3+ driver and JRE1.4+. Set to false if JDBC driver has problems with the Hibernate identifier generators. By default, it tries to determine the driver capabilities using connection metadata.

hibernate.connection.provider_class

The class name of a custom org.hibernate.connection.ConnectionProvider which provides JDBC connections to Hibernate.

hibernate.connection.isolation

Sets the JDBC transaction isolation level. Check java.sql.Connection for meaningful values, but note that most databases do not support all isolation levels and some define additional, non-standard isolations. Standard values are 1, 2, 4, 8.

hibernate.connection.autocommit

Boolean. This property is not recommended for use. Enables autocommit for JDBC pooled connections.

hibernate.connection.release_mode

Specifies when Hibernate should release JDBC connections. By default, a JDBC connection is held until the session is explicitly closed or disconnected. The default value auto chooses after_statement for the Jakarta Transactions and CMT transaction strategies, and after_transaction for the JDBC transaction strategy.

Available values are auto (default), on_close, after_transaction, after_statement.

This setting only affects the session returned from SessionFactory.openSession. For the session obtained through SessionFactory.getCurrentSession, the CurrentSessionContext implementation configured for use controls the connection release mode for that session.

hibernate.connection.<propertyName>

Pass the JDBC property <propertyName> to DriverManager.getConnection().

hibernate.jndi.<propertyName>

Pass the property <propertyName> to the Java Naming and Directory Interface InitialContextFactory.

hibernate.cache.region.factory_class

The class name of a custom CacheProvider.

hibernate.cache.use_minimal_puts

Boolean. Optimizes second-level cache operation to minimize writes, at the cost of more frequent reads. This setting is most useful for clustered caches and, in Hibernate3, is enabled by default for clustered cache implementations.

hibernate.cache.use_query_cache

Boolean. Enables the query cache. Individual queries still have to be set cacheable.

hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache

Boolean. Used to completely disable the second level cache, which is enabled by default for classes that specify a <cache> mapping.

hibernate.cache.query_cache_factory

The class name of a custom QueryCache interface. The default value is the built-in StandardQueryCache.

hibernate.cache.region_prefix

A prefix to use for second-level cache region names.

hibernate.cache.use_structured_entries

Boolean. Forces Hibernate to store data in the second-level cache in a more human-friendly format.

hibernate.cache.default_cache_concurrency_strategy

Setting used to give the name of the default org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy to use when either @Cacheable or @Cache is used. @Cache(strategy="..") is used to override this default.

hibernate.transaction.factory_class

The classname of a TransactionFactory to use with Hibernate Transaction API. Defaults to JDBCTransactionFactory).

jta.UserTransaction

A Java Naming and Directory Interface name used by JTATransactionFactory to obtain the Jakarta Transactions UserTransaction from the application server.

hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class

The classname of a TransactionManagerLookup. It is required when JVM-level caching is enabled or when using hilo generator in a Jakarta Transactions environment.

hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion

Boolean. If enabled, the session will be automatically flushed during the before completion phase of the transaction. Built-in and automatic session context management is preferred.

hibernate.transaction.auto_close_session

Boolean. If enabled, the session will be automatically closed during the after completion phase of the transaction. Built-in and automatic session context management is preferred.

hibernate.current_session_context_class

Supply a custom strategy for the scoping of the "current" Session. Values include jta, thread, managed, custom.Class.

hibernate.query.factory_class

Chooses the HQL parser implementation: org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory or org.hibernate.hql.internal.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory.

hibernate.query.substitutions

Used to map from tokens in Hibernate queries to SQL tokens (tokens might be function or literal names). For example, hqlLiteral=SQL_LITERAL, hqlFunction=SQLFUNC.

hibernate.query.conventional_java_constants

Indicates whether the Java constants follow the Java naming conventions or not. Default is false. Existing applications may set it to true only if conventional Java constants are being used in the applications.

Setting this to true has significant performance improvement because then Hibernate can determine if an alias should be treated as a Java constant simply by checking if the alias follows the Java naming conventions.

When this property is set to false, Hibernate determines an alias should be treated as a Java constant by attempting to load the alias as a class, which is an overhead for the application. If alias fails to load as a class, then Hibernate treats the alias as a Java constant.

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto

Automatically validates or exports schema DDL to the database when the SessionFactory is created. With create-drop, the database schema will be dropped when the SessionFactory is closed explicitly. Property value options are validate, update, create, create-drop

hibernate.hbm2ddl.import_files

Comma-separated names of the optional files containing SQL DML statements executed during the SessionFactory creation. This is useful for testing or demonstrating. For example, by adding INSERT statements, the database can be populated with a minimal set of data when it is deployed. An example value is /humans.sql,/dogs.sql.

File order matters, as the statements of a given file are executed before the statements of the following files. These statements are only executed if the schema is created, for example if hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto is set to create or create-drop.

hibernate.hbm2ddl.import_files_sql_extractor

The classname of a custom ImportSqlCommandExtractor. Defaults to the built-in SingleLineSqlCommandExtractor. This is useful for implementing a dedicated parser that extracts a single SQL statement from each import file. Hibernate also provides MultipleLinesSqlCommandExtractor, which supports instructions/comments and quoted strings spread over multiple lines (mandatory semicolon at the end of each statement).

hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer

Boolean. This is a system-level property, which cannot be set in the hibernate.cfg.xml file. Enables the use of bytecode manipulation instead of runtime reflection. Reflection can sometimes be useful when troubleshooting. Hibernate always requires either cglib or javassist even if the optimizer is turned off.

hibernate.bytecode.provider

Both javassist or cglib can be used as byte manipulation engines. The default is javassist. The value is either javassist or cglib.

DB2

org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect

DB2 AS/400

org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect

DB2 OS390

org.hibernate.dialect.DB2390Dialect

Firebird

org.hibernate.dialect.FirebirdDialect

FrontBase

org.hibernate.dialect.FrontbaseDialect

H2 Database

org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

HypersonicSQL

org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect

Informix

org.hibernate.dialect.InformixDialect

Ingres

org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect

Interbase

org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect

MariaDB 10

org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDB10Dialect

MariaDB Galera Cluster 10

org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDB10Dialect

Mckoi SQL

org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2000

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2005

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2008

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2008Dialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2012

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2014

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect

Microsoft SQL Server 2016

org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect

MySQL5

org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

MySQL5.5

org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL55Dialect

MySQL5.7

org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect

Oracle (any version)

org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect

Oracle 9i

org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect

Oracle 10g

org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect

Oracle 11g

org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect

Oracle 12c

org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle12cDialect

Pointbase

org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect

PostgreSQL

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

PostgreSQL 9.2

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL9Dialect

PostgreSQL 9.3

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL9Dialect

PostgreSQL 9.4

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL94Dialect

Postgres Plus Advanced Server

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgresPlusDialect

Progress

org.hibernate.dialect.ProgressDialect

SAP DB

org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect

Sybase

org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseASE15Dialect

Sybase 15.7

org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseASE157Dialect

Sybase 16

org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseASE157Dialect

Sybase Anywhere

org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseAnywhereDialect