Administering Red Hat Satellite

Red Hat Satellite 6.11

A guide to administering Red Hat Satellite.

Red Hat Satellite Documentation Team

Abstract

This guide provides instructions on how to configure and administer a Red Hat Satellite 6 Server. Before continuing with this workflow you must have successfully installed a Red Hat Satellite 6 Server and any required Capsule Servers.

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Chapter 1. Accessing Red Hat Satellite

After Red Hat Satellite has been installed and configured, use the Satellite web UI interface to log in to Satellite for further configuration.

1.1. Installing the Katello Root CA Certificate

The first time you log on to Satellite, you might see a warning informing you that you are using the default self-signed certificate and you might not be able to connect this browser to Satellite until the root CA certificate is installed in the browser. Use the following procedure to locate the root CA certificate on Satellite and to install it in your browser.

Prerequisites

  • Your Red Hat Satellite is installed and configured.

Procedure

  1. Identify the fully qualified domain name of your Satellite Server:

    # hostname -f
  2. Access the pub directory on your Satellite Server using a web browser pointed to the fully qualified domain name:

    https://satellite.example.com/pub
  3. When you access Satellite for the first time, an untrusted connection warning displays in your web browser. Accept the self-signed certificate and add the Satellite URL as a security exception to override the settings. This procedure might differ depending on the browser being used. Ensure that the Satellite URL is valid before you accept the security exception.
  4. Select katello-server-ca.crt.
  5. Import the certificate into your browser as a certificate authority and trust it to identify websites.

Importing the Katello Root CA Certificate Manually

  1. From the Satellite CLI, copy the katello-server-ca.crt file to the machine you use to access the Satellite web UI:

    # scp /var/www/html/pub/katello-server-ca.crt username@hostname:remotefile
  2. In the browser, import the katello-server-ca.crt certificate as a certificate authority and trust it to identify websites.

1.2. Logging on to Satellite

Use the web user interface to log on to Satellite for further configuration.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Access Satellite Server using a web browser pointed to the fully qualified domain name:

    https://satellite.example.com/
  2. Enter the user name and password created during the configuration process. If a user was not created during the configuration process, the default user name is admin. If you have problems logging on, you can reset the password. For more information, see Section 1.5, “Resetting the Administrative User Password”.

1.4. Changing the Password

These steps show how to change your password.

Procedure

  1. Click your user name at the top right corner.
  2. Select My Account from the menu.
  3. In the Current Password field, enter the current password.
  4. In the Password field, enter a new password.
  5. In the Verify field, enter the new password again.
  6. Click the Submit button to save your new password.

1.5. Resetting the Administrative User Password

Use the following procedures to reset the administrative password to randomly generated characters or to set a new administrative password.

To Reset the Administrative User Password

  1. Log on to the base operating system where Satellite Server is installed.
  2. Enter the following command to reset the password:

    # foreman-rake permissions:reset
    Reset to user: admin, password: qwJxBptxb7Gfcjj5
  3. Use this password to reset the password in the Satellite web UI.
  4. Edit the ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml file on Satellite Server to add the new password:

    # vi ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml

Unless you update the ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml file, you cannot use the new password with Hammer CLI.

To Set a New Administrative User Password

  1. Log on to the base operating system where Satellite Server is installed.
  2. To set the password, enter the following command:

    # foreman-rake permissions:reset password=new_password
  3. Edit the ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml file on Satellite Server to add the new password:

    # vi ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml

Unless you update the ~/.hammer/cli.modules.d/foreman.yml file, you cannot use the new password with Hammer CLI.

1.6. Setting a Custom Message on the Login Page

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings, and click the General tab.
  2. Click the edit button next to Login page footer text, and enter the desired text to be displayed on the login page. For example, this text may be a warning message required by your company.
  3. Click Save.
  4. Log out of the Satellite web UI and verify that the custom text is now displayed on the login page below the Satellite version number.

Chapter 2. Starting and Stopping Red Hat Satellite

Satellite provides the satellite-maintain service command to manage Satellite services from the command line. This is useful when creating a backup of Satellite. For more information on creating backups, see Chapter 8, Backing Up Satellite Server and Capsule Server.

After installing Satellite with the satellite-installer command, all Satellite services are started and enabled automatically. View the list of these services by executing:

# satellite-maintain service list

To see the status of running services, execute:

# satellite-maintain service status

To stop Satellite services, execute:

# satellite-maintain service stop

To start Satellite services, execute:

# satellite-maintain service start

To restart Satellite services, execute:

# satellite-maintain service restart

Chapter 3. Migrating from Internal Satellite Databases to External Databases

When you install Red Hat Satellite, the satellite-installer command installs PostgreSQL databases on the same server as Satellite. If you are using the default internal databases but want to start using external databases to help with the server load, you can migrate your internal databases to external databases.

To confirm whether your Satellite Server has internal or external databases, you can query the status of your databases:

For PostgreSQL, enter the following command:

# satellite-maintain service status --only postgresql

Red Hat does not provide support or tools for external database maintenance. This includes backups, upgrades, and database tuning. You must have your own database administrator to support and maintain external databases.

To migrate from the default internal databases to external databases, you must complete the following procedures:

  1. Section 3.2, “Preparing a Host for External Databases”. Prepare a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 server to host the external databases.
  2. Section 3.3, “Installing PostgreSQL”. Prepare PostgreSQL with databases for Satellite, Pulp and Candlepin with dedicated users owning them.
  3. Section 3.4, “Migrating to External Databases”. Edit the parameters of satellite-installer to point to the new databases, and run satellite-installer.

3.1. PostgreSQL as an External Database Considerations

Foreman, Katello, and Candlepin use the PostgreSQL database. If you want to use PostgreSQL as an external database, the following information can help you decide if this option is right for your Satellite configuration. Satellite supports PostgreSQL version 12.

Advantages of External PostgreSQL:

  • Increase in free memory and free CPU on Satellite
  • Flexibility to set shared_buffers on the PostgreSQL database to a high number without the risk of interfering with other services on Satellite
  • Flexibility to tune the PostgreSQL server’s system without adversely affecting Satellite operations

Disadvantages of External PostgreSQL

  • Increase in deployment complexity that can make troubleshooting more difficult
  • The external PostgreSQL server is an additional system to patch and maintain
  • If either Satellite or the PostgreSQL database server suffers a hardware or storage failure, Satellite is not operational
  • If there is latency between the Satellite server and database server, performance can suffer

If you suspect that the PostgreSQL database on your Satellite is causing performance problems, use the information in Satellite 6: How to enable postgres query logging to detect slow running queries to determine if you have slow queries. Queries that take longer than one second are typically caused by performance issues with large installations, and moving to an external database might not help. If you have slow queries, contact Red Hat Support.

3.2. Preparing a Host for External Databases

Install a freshly provisioned system with the latest Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 server to host the external databases.

Subscriptions for Red Hat Software Collections and Red Hat Enterprise Linux do not provide the correct service level agreement for using Satellite with external databases. You must also attach a Satellite subscription to the base operating system that you want to use for the external databases.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Use the instructions in Attaching the Satellite Infrastructure Subscription to attach a Satellite subscription to your server.
  2. Disable all repositories and enable only the following repositories:

    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:

      # subscription-manager repos --disable '*'
      # subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms \
      --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-satellite-6.11-rpms
    • For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

      # subscription-manager repos --disable '*'
      # subscription-manager repos \
      --enable=satellite-6.11-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms \
      --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms \
      --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
  3. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, enable the following modules:

    # dnf module enable satellite:el8
    Note

    Enablement of the module satellite:el8 warns about a conflict with postgresql:10 and ruby:2.5 as these modules are set to the default module versions on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. The module satellite:el8 has a dependency for the modules postgresql:12 and ruby:2.7 that will be enabled with the satellite:el8 module. These warnings do not cause installation process failure, hence can be ignored safely. For more information about modules and lifecycle streams on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, see Red Hat Enterprise Linux Application Streams Life Cycle.

3.3. Installing PostgreSQL

You can install only the same version of PostgreSQL that is installed with the satellite-installer tool during an internal database installation. You can install PostgreSQL using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 repositories. Satellite supports PostgreSQL version 12.

3.3.1. Installing PostgreSQL on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Procedure

  1. To install PostgreSQL, enter the following command:

    # dnf install postgresql-server postgresql-evr
  2. To initialize PostgreSQL, enter the following command:

    # postgresql-setup initdb
  3. Edit the /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file:

    # vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
  4. Remove the # and edit to listen to inbound connections:

    listen_addresses = '*'
  5. Edit the /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf file:

    # vi /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
  6. Add the following line to the file:

      host  all   all   Satellite_ip/24   md5
  7. To start, and enable PostgreSQL service, enter the following commands:

    # systemctl start postgresql
    # systemctl enable postgresql
  8. Open the postgresql port on the external PostgreSQL server:

    # firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql
    # firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
  9. Switch to the postgres user and start the PostgreSQL client:

    $ su - postgres -c psql
  10. Create three databases and dedicated roles: one for Satellite, one for Candlepin, and one for Pulp:

    CREATE USER "foreman" WITH PASSWORD 'Foreman_Password';
    CREATE USER "candlepin" WITH PASSWORD 'Candlepin_Password';
    CREATE USER "pulp" WITH PASSWORD 'Pulpcore_Password';
    CREATE DATABASE foreman OWNER foreman;
    CREATE DATABASE candlepin OWNER candlepin;
    CREATE DATABASE pulpcore OWNER pulp;
  11. Exit the postgres user:

    # \q
  12. From Satellite Server, test that you can access the database. If the connection succeeds, the commands return 1.

    # PGPASSWORD='Foreman_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com  -p 5432 -U foreman -d foreman -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
    # PGPASSWORD='Candlepin_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p 5432 -U candlepin -d candlepin -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
    # PGPASSWORD='Pulpcore_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p 5432 -U pulp -d pulpcore -c "SELECT 1 as ping"

3.3.2. Installing PostgreSQL on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Procedure

  1. To install PostgreSQL, enter the following command:

    # yum install rh-postgresql12-postgresql-server \
    rh-postgresql12-syspaths \
    rh-postgresql12-postgresql-evr
  2. To initialize PostgreSQL, enter the following command:

    # postgresql-setup initdb
  3. Edit the /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file:

    # vi /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
  4. Remove the # and edit to listen to inbound connections:

    listen_addresses = '*'
  5. Edit the /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf file:

    # vi /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
  6. Add the following line to the file:

      host  all   all   Satellite_ip/24   md5
  7. To start, and enable PostgreSQL service, enter the following commands:

    # systemctl start postgresql
    # systemctl enable postgresql
  8. Open the postgresql port on the external PostgreSQL server:

    # firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql
    # firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
  9. Switch to the postgres user and start the PostgreSQL client:

    $ su - postgres -c psql
  10. Create three databases and dedicated roles: one for Satellite, one for Candlepin, and one for Pulp:

    CREATE USER "foreman" WITH PASSWORD 'Foreman_Password';
    CREATE USER "candlepin" WITH PASSWORD 'Candlepin_Password';
    CREATE USER "pulp" WITH PASSWORD 'Pulpcore_Password';
    CREATE DATABASE foreman OWNER foreman;
    CREATE DATABASE candlepin OWNER candlepin;
    CREATE DATABASE pulpcore OWNER pulp;
  11. Exit the postgres user:

    # \q
  12. From Satellite Server, test that you can access the database. If the connection succeeds, the commands return 1.

    # PGPASSWORD='Foreman_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com  -p 5432 -U foreman -d foreman -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
    # PGPASSWORD='Candlepin_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p 5432 -U candlepin -d candlepin -c "SELECT 1 as ping"
    # PGPASSWORD='Pulpcore_Password' psql -h postgres.example.com -p 5432 -U pulp -d pulpcore -c "SELECT 1 as ping"

3.4. Migrating to External Databases

Back up and transfer existing data, then use the satellite-installer command to configure Satellite to connect to an external PostgreSQL database server.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed and configured a PostgreSQL server on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux server.

Procedure

  1. On Satellite Server, stop Satellite services:

    # satellite-maintain service stop
  2. Start the PostgreSQL services:

    # systemctl start postgresql
  3. Back up the internal databases:

    # satellite-maintain backup online --skip-pulp-content --preserve-directory -y /var/migration_backup
  4. Transfer the data to the new external databases:

    PGPASSWORD='Foreman_Password' pg_restore -h postgres.example.com -U foreman -d foreman < /var/migration_backup/foreman.dump
    PGPASSWORD='Candlepin_Password' pg_restore -h postgres.example.com -U candlepin -d candlepin < /var/migration_backup/candlepin.dump
    PGPASSWORD='Pulpcore_Password' pg_restore -h postgres.example.com -U pulp -d pulpcore < /var/migration_backup/pulpcore.dump
  5. Use the satellite-installer command to update Satellite to point to the new databases:

    satellite-installer --scenario satellite \
        --foreman-db-host postgres.example.com \
        --foreman-db-password Foreman_Password \
        --foreman-db-database foreman \
        --foreman-db-manage false \
        --foreman-db-username foreman \
        --katello-candlepin-db-host postgres.example.com \
        --katello-candlepin-db-name candlepin \
        --katello-candlepin-db-password Candlepin_Password \
        --katello-candlepin-manage-db false \
        --katello-candlepin-db-user candlepin \
        --foreman-proxy-content-pulpcore-manage-postgresql false \
        --foreman-proxy-content-pulpcore-postgresql-host postgres.example.com \
        --foreman-proxy-content-pulpcore-postgresql-db-name pulpcore \
        --foreman-proxy-content-pulpcore-postgresql-password Pulpcore_Password \
        --foreman-proxy-content-pulpcore-postgresql-user pulp

Chapter 4. Managing Satellite with Ansible Collections

Satellite Ansible Collections is a set of Ansible modules that interact with the Satellite API. You can use Satellite Ansible Collections to manage and automate many aspects of Satellite.

4.1. Installing the Satellite Ansible Modules

Use this procedure to install the Satellite Ansible modules.

Prerequisite

  • Ensure that the Ansible 2.9 or later repository is enabled and the ansible package is updated:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-ansible-2.9-rpms
    # satellite-maintain packages update ansible

Procedure

  • Install the package using the following command:

    # satellite-maintain packages install ansible-collection-redhat-satellite

4.2. Viewing the Satellite Ansible Modules

You can view the installed Satellite Ansible modules by listing the content of the following directory:

# ls /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/redhat/satellite/plugins/modules/
Note

At the time of writing, the ansible-doc -l command does not list collections yet.

Alternatively, you can also see the complete list of Satellite Ansible modules and other related information at Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform.

All modules are in the redhat.satellite namespace and can be referred to in the format redhat.satellite._module_name_. For example, to display information about the activation_key module, enter the following command:

$ ansible-doc redhat.satellite.activation_key

Chapter 5. Managing Users and Roles

A User defines a set of details for individuals using the system. Users can be associated with organizations and environments, so that when they create new entities, the default settings are automatically used. Users can also have one or more roles attached, which grants them rights to view and manage organizations and environments. See Section 5.1, “User Management” for more information on working with users.

You can manage permissions of several users at once by organizing them into user groups. User groups themselves can be further grouped to create a hierarchy of permissions. For more information on creating user groups, see Section 5.4, “Creating and Managing User Groups”.

Roles define a set of permissions and access levels. Each role contains one on more permission filters that specify the actions allowed for the role. Actions are grouped according to the Resource type. Once a role has been created, users and user groups can be associated with that role. This way, you can assign the same set of permissions to large groups of users. Satellite provides a set of predefined roles and also enables creating custom roles and permission filters as described in Section 5.5, “Creating and Managing Roles”.

5.1. User Management

As an administrator, you can create, modify and remove Satellite users. You can also configure access permissions for a user or a group of users by assigning them different roles.

5.1.1. Creating a User

Use this procedure to create a user. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Click Create User.
  3. In the Login field, enter a username for the user.
  4. In the Firstname and Lastname fields, enter the real first name and last name of the user.
  5. In the Mail field, enter the user’s email address.
  6. In the Description field, add a description of the new user.
  7. Select a specific language for the user from the Language list.
  8. Select a timezone for the user from the Timezone list.

    By default, Satellite Server uses the language and timezone settings of the user’s browser.

  9. Set a password for the user:

    1. From the Authorized by list, select the source by which the user is authenticated.

    2. Enter an initial password for the user in the Password field and the Verify field.
  10. Click Submit to create the user.

CLI procedure

  • To create a user, enter the following command:

    # hammer user create \
    --auth-source-id My_Authentication_Source \
    --login My_User_Name \
    --mail My_User_Mail \
    --organization-ids My_Organization_ID_1,My_Organization_ID_2 \
    --password My_User_Password

    The --auth-source-id 1 setting means that the user is authenticated internally, you can specify an external authentication source as an alternative. Add the --admin option to grant administrator privileges to the user. Specifying organization IDs is not required, you can modify the user details later using the update subcommand.

For more information about user related subcommands, enter hammer user --help.

5.1.2. Assigning Roles to a User

Use this procedure to assign roles to a user. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Click the username of the user to be assigned one or more roles.

    Note

    If a user account is not listed, check that you are currently viewing the correct organization. To list all the users in Satellite, click Default Organization and then Any Organization.

  3. Click the Locations tab, and select a location if none is assigned.
  4. Click the Organizations tab, and check that an organization is assigned.
  5. Click the Roles tab to display the list of available roles.
  6. Select the roles to assign from the Roles list.

    To grant all the available permissions, select the Admin checkbox.

  7. Click Submit.

To view the roles assigned to a user, click the Roles tab; the assigned roles are listed under Selected items. To remove an assigned role, click the role name in Selected items.

CLI procedure

  • To assign roles to a user, enter the following command:

    # hammer user add-role --id user_id --role role_name

5.1.3. Impersonating a Different User Account

Administrators can impersonate other authenticated users for testing and troubleshooting purposes by temporarily logging on to the Satellite web UI as a different user. When impersonating another user, the administrator has permissions to access exactly what the impersonated user can access in the system, including the same menus.

Audits are created to record the actions that the administrator performs while impersonating another user. However, all actions that an administrator performs while impersonating another user are recorded as having been performed by the impersonated user.

Prerequisites

  • Ensure that you are logged on to the Satellite web UI as a user with administrator privileges for Satellite.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. To the right of the user that you want to impersonate, from the list in the Actions column, select Impersonate.

When you want to stop the impersonation session, in the upper right of the main menu, click the impersonation icon.

5.1.4. Creating an API-Only User

You can create users that can interact only with the Satellite API.

Prerequisite

  1. You have created a user and assigned roles to them. Note that this user must be authorized internally. For more information, see Creating a User and Assigning Roles to a User.

Procedure

  1. Log in to your Satellite as admin.
  2. Navigate to Administer > Users and select a user.
  3. On the User tab, set a password. Do not save or communicate this password with others. You can create pseudo-random strings on your console:

    # openssl rand -hex 32
  4. Create a Personal Access Token for the user. For more information, see Section 5.3.1, “Creating a Personal Access Token”.

5.2. SSH Key Management

Adding SSH keys to a user allows deployment of SSH keys during provisioning. For information on deploying SSH keys during provisioning, see Deploying SSH Keys during Provisioning in the Provisioning guide.

For information on SSH keys and SSH key creation, see Using SSH-based Authentication in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator’s Guide.

5.2.1. Managing SSH Keys for a User

Use this procedure to add or remove SSH keys for a user. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Prerequisites

Ensure that you are logged in to the Satellite web UI as an Admin user of Red Hat Satellite or a user with the create_ssh_key permission enabled for adding SSH key and destroy_ssh_key permission for removing a key.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. From the Username column, click on the username of the required user.
  3. Click on the SSH Keys tab.

    • To Add SSH key

      1. Prepare the content of the public SSH key in a clipboard.
      2. Click Add SSH Key.
      3. In the Key field, paste the public SSH key content from the clipboard.
      4. In the Name field, enter a name for the SSH key.
      5. Click Submit.
    • To Remove SSH key

      1. Click Delete on the row of the SSH key to be deleted.
      2. Click OK in the confirmation prompt.

CLI procedure

To add an SSH key to a user, you must specify either the path to the public SSH key file, or the content of the public SSH key copied to the clipboard.

  • If you have the public SSH key file, enter the following command:

    # hammer user ssh-keys add \
    --user-id user_id \
    --name key_name \
    --key-file ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
  • If you have the content of the public SSH key, enter the following command:

    # hammer user ssh-keys add \
    --user-id user_id \
    --name key_name \
    --key ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNtYAAABBBHHS2KmNyIYa27Qaa7EHp+2l99ucGStx4P77e03ZvE3yVRJEFikpoP3MJtYYfIe8k 1/46MTIZo9CPTX4CYUHeN8= host@user

To delete an SSH key from a user, enter the following command:

# hammer user ssh-keys delete --id key_id --user-id user_id

To view an SSH key attached to a user, enter the following command:

# hammer user ssh-keys info --id key_id --user-id user_id

To list SSH keys attached to a user, enter the following command:

# hammer user ssh-keys list --user-id user_id

5.3. Managing Personal Access Tokens

Personal Access Tokens allow you to authenticate API requests without using your password. You can set an expiration date for your Personal Access Token and you can revoke it if you decide it should expire before the expiration date.

5.3.1. Creating a Personal Access Token

Use this procedure to create a Personal Access Token.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Select a user for which you want to create a Personal Access Token.
  3. On the Personal Access Tokens tab, click Add Personal Access Token.
  4. Enter a Name for you Personal Access Token.
  5. Optional: Select the Expires date to set an expiration date. If you do not set an expiration date, your Personal Access Token will never expire unless revoked.
  6. Click Submit. You now have the Personal Access Token available to you on the Personal Access Tokens tab.

    Important

    Ensure to store your Personal Access Token as you will not be able to access it again after you leave the page or create a new Personal Access Token. You can click Copy to clipboard to copy your Personal Access Token.

Verification

  1. Make an API request to your Satellite Server and authenticate with your Personal Access Token:

    # curl https://satellite.example.com/api/status --user My_Username:My_Personal_Access_Token
  2. You should receive a response with status 200, for example:

    {"satellite_version":"6.11.0","result":"ok","status":200,"version":"3.5.1.10","api_version":2}

    If you go back to Personal Access Tokens tab, you can see the updated Last Used time next to your Personal Access Token.

5.3.2. Revoking a Personal Access Token

Use this procedure to revoke a Personal Access Token before its expiration date.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Select a user for which you want to revoke the Personal Access Token.
  3. On the Personal Access Tokens tab, locate the Personal Access Token you want to revoke.
  4. Click Revoke in the Actions column next to the Personal Access Token you want to revoke.

Verification

  1. Make an API request to your Satellite Server and try to authenticate with the revoked Personal Access Token:

    # curl https://satellite.example.com/api/status --user My_Username:My_Personal_Access_Token
  2. You receive the following error message:

    {
      "error": {"message":"Unable to authenticate user My_Username"}
    }

5.4. Creating and Managing User Groups

5.4.1. User Groups

With Satellite, you can assign permissions to groups of users. You can also create user groups as collections of other user groups. If using an external authentication source, you can map Satellite user groups to external user groups as described in Section 14.4, “Configuring External User Groups”.

User groups are defined in an organizational context, meaning that you must select an organization before you can access user groups.

5.4.2. Creating a User Group

Use this procedure to create a user group.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > User Groups.
  2. Click Create User group.
  3. On the User Group tab, specify the name of the new user group and select group members:

    • Select the previously created user groups from the User Groups list.
    • Select users from the Users list.
  4. On the Roles tab, select the roles you want to assign to the user group. Alternatively, select the Admin checkbox to assign all available permissions.
  5. Click Submit.

CLI procedure

  • To create a user group, enter the following command:

    # hammer user-group create \
    --name My_User_Group_Name \
    --role-ids My_Role_ID_1,My_Role_ID_2 \
    --user-ids My_User_ID_1,My_User_ID_2

5.4.3. Removing a User Group

Use the Satellite web UI to remove a user group.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > User Groups.
  2. Click Delete to the right of the user group you want to delete.
  3. In the alert box that appears, click OK to delete a user group.

5.5. Creating and Managing Roles

Satellite provides a set of predefined roles with permissions sufficient for standard tasks, as listed in Section 5.6, “Predefined Roles Available in Satellite”. It is also possible to configure custom roles, and assign one or more permission filters to them. Permission filters define the actions allowed for a certain resource type. Certain Satellite plug-ins create roles automatically.

5.5.1. Creating a Role

Use this procedure to create a role.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles.
  2. Click Create Role.
  3. Provide a Name for the role.
  4. Click Submit to save your new role.

CLI procedure

  • To create a role, enter the following command:

    # hammer role create --name My_Role_Name

To serve its purpose, a role must contain permissions. After creating a role, proceed to Section 5.5.3, “Adding Permissions to a Role”.

5.5.2. Cloning a Role

Use the Satellite web UI to clone a role.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles and select Clone from the drop-down menu to the right of the required role.
  2. Provide a Name for the role.
  3. Click Submit to clone the role.
  4. Click the name of the cloned role and navigate to Filters.
  5. Edit the permissions as required.
  6. Click Submit to save your new role.

5.5.3. Adding Permissions to a Role

Use this procedure to add permissions to a role. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles.
  2. Select Add Filter from the drop-down list to the right of the required role.
  3. Select the Resource type from the drop-down list. The (Miscellaneous) group gathers permissions that are not associated with any resource group.
  4. Click the permissions you want to select from the Permission list.
  5. Depending on the Resource type selected, you can select or deselect the Unlimited and Override checkbox. The Unlimited checkbox is selected by default, which means that the permission is applied on all resources of the selected type. When you disable the Unlimited checkbox, the Search field activates. In this field you can specify further filtering with use of the Satellite search syntax. For more information, see Section 5.7, “Granular Permission Filtering”. When you enable the Override checkbox, you can add additional locations and organizations to allow the role to access the resource type in the additional locations and organizations; you can also remove an already associated location and organization from the resource type to restrict access.
  6. Click Next.
  7. Click Submit to save changes.

CLI procedure

  1. List all available permissions:

    # hammer filter available-permissions
  2. Add permissions to a role:

    # hammer filter create \
    --permission-ids My_Permission_ID_1,My_Permission_ID_2 \
    --role My_Role_Name

For more information about roles and permissions parameters, enter the hammer role --help and hammer filter --help commands.

5.5.4. Viewing Permissions of a Role

Use the Satellite web UI to view the permissions of a role.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles.
  2. Click Filters to the right of the required role to get to the Filters page.

The Filters page contains a table of permissions assigned to a role grouped by the resource type. It is also possible to generate a complete table of permissions and actions that you can use on your Satellite system. For more information, see Section 5.5.5, “Creating a Complete Permission Table”.

5.5.5. Creating a Complete Permission Table

Use the Satellite CLI to create a permission table.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that the required packages are installed. Execute the following command on Satellite Server:

    # satellite-maintain packages install foreman-console
  2. Start the Satellite console with the following command:

    # foreman-rake console

    Insert the following code into the console:

    f = File.open('/tmp/table.html', 'w')
    
    result = Foreman::AccessControl.permissions {|a,b| a.security_block <=> b.security_block}.collect do |p|
          actions = p.actions.collect { |a| "<li>#{a}</li>" }
          "<tr><td>#{p.name}</td><td><ul>#{actions.join('')}</ul></td><td>#{p.resource_type}</td></tr>"
    end.join("\n")
    
    f.write(result)

    The above syntax creates a table of permissions and saves it to the /tmp/table.html file.

  3. Press Ctrl + D to exit the Satellite console. Insert the following text at the first line of /tmp/table.html:

    <table border="1"><tr><td>Permission name</td><td>Actions</td><td>Resource type</td></tr>

    Append the following text at the end of /tmp/table.html:

    </table>
  4. Open /tmp/table.html in a web browser to view the table.

5.5.6. Removing a Role

Use the Satellite web UI to remove a role.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles.
  2. Select Delete from the drop-down list to the right of the role to be deleted.
  3. In an alert box that appears, click OK to delete the role.

5.6. Predefined Roles Available in Satellite

The following table provides an overview of permissions that predefined roles in Satellite grant to a user.

To view the exact set of permissions a predefined role grants, display the role in Satellite web UI as the privileged user. For more information, see Section 5.5.4, “Viewing Permissions of a Role”.

Table 5.1. Permissions provided by role

RolePermissions Provided by Role

Access Insights Admin

Add and edit Insights rules.

Access Insights Viewer

View Insight reports.

Ansible Roles Manager

Play roles on hosts and host groups. View, destroy, and import Ansible roles. View, edit, create, destroy, and import Ansible variables.

Ansible Tower Inventory Reader

View facts, hosts, and host groups.

Bookmarks manager

Create, edit, and delete bookmarks.

Boot disk access

Download the boot disk.

Compliance manager

View, create, edit, and destroy SCAP content files, compliance policies, and tailoring files. View compliance reports.

Compliance viewer

View compliance reports.

Create ARF report

Create compliance reports.

Default role

The set of permissions that every user is granted, irrespective of any other roles.

Discovery Manager

View, provision, edit, and destroy discovered hosts and manage discovery rules.

Discovery Reader

View hosts and discovery rules.

Edit hosts

View, create, edit, destroy, and build hosts.

Edit partition tables

View, create, edit and destroy partition tables.

Manager

View and edit global settings.

Organization admin

All permissions except permissions for managing organizations.

An administrator role defined per organization. The role has no visibility into resources in other organizations.

By cloning this role and assigning an organization, you can delegate administration of that organization to a user.

Red Hat Access Logs

View the log viewer and the logs.

Remote Execution Manager

Control which roles have permission to run infrastructure jobs.

Remote Execution User

Run remote execution jobs against hosts.

Site manager

A restrained version of the Manager role.

System admin

  • Edit global settings in Administer > Settings.
  • View, create, edit and destroy users, user groups, and roles.
  • View, create, edit, destroy, and assign organizations and locations but not view resources within them.

Users with this role can create users and assign all roles to them. Therefore, ensure to give this role only to trusted users.

Tasks manager

View and edit Satellite tasks.

Tasks reader

A role that can only view Satellite tasks.

Viewer

A passive role that provides the ability to view the configuration of every element of the Satellite structure, logs, reports, and statistics.

View hosts

A role that can only view hosts.

Virt-who Manager

A role with full virt-who permissions.

Virt-who Reporter

Upload reports generated by virt-who to Satellite. It can be used if you configure virt-who manually and require a user role that has limited virt-who permissions.

Virt-who Viewer

View virt-who configurations. Users with this role can deploy virt-who instances using existing virt-who configurations.

5.7. Granular Permission Filtering

5.7.1. Granular Permission Filter

As mentioned in Section 5.5.3, “Adding Permissions to a Role”, Red Hat Satellite provides the ability to limit the configured user permissions to selected instances of a resource type. These granular filters are queries to the Satellite database and are supported by the majority of resource types.

5.7.2. Creating a Granular Permission Filter

Use this procedure to create a granular filter. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Satellite does not apply search conditions to create actions. For example, limiting the create_locations action with name = "Default Location" expression in the search field does not prevent the user from assigning a custom name to the newly created location.

Procedure

Specify a query in the Search field on the Edit Filter page. Deselect the Unlimited checkbox for the field to be active. Queries have the following form:

field_name operator value
  • field_name marks the field to be queried. The range of available field names depends on the resource type. For example, the Partition Table resource type offers family, layout, and name as query parameters.
  • operator specifies the type of comparison between field_name and value. See Section 5.7.4, “Supported Operators for Granular Search” for an overview of applicable operators.
  • value is the value used for filtering. This can be for example a name of an organization. Two types of wildcard characters are supported: underscore (_) provides single character replacement, while percent sign (%) replaces zero or more characters.

For most resource types, the Search field provides a drop-down list suggesting the available parameters. This list appears after placing the cursor in the search field. For many resource types, you can combine queries using logical operators such as and, not and has operators.

CLI procedure

  • To create a granular filter, enter the hammer filter create command with the --search option to limit permission filters, for example:

    # hammer filter create \
    --permission-ids 91 \
    --search "name ~ ccv*" \
    --role qa-user

This command adds to the qa-user role a permission to view, create, edit, and destroy Content Views that only applies to Content Views with name starting with ccv.

5.7.3. Examples of Using Granular Permission Filters

As an administrator, you can allow selected users to make changes in a certain part of the environment path. The following filter allows you to work with content while it is in the development stage of the application life cycle, but the content becomes inaccessible once is pushed to production.

5.7.3.1. Applying Permissions for the Host Resource Type

The following query applies any permissions specified for the Host resource type only to hosts in the group named host-editors.

hostgroup = host-editors

The following query returns records where the name matches XXXX, Yyyy, or zzzz example strings:

name ^ (XXXX, Yyyy, zzzz)

You can also limit permissions to a selected environment. To do so, specify the environment name in the Search field, for example:

Dev

You can limit user permissions to a certain organization or location with the use of the granular permission filter in the Search field. However, some resource types provide a GUI alternative, an Override checkbox that provides the Locations and Organizations tabs. On these tabs, you can select from the list of available organizations and locations. For more information, see Section 5.7.3.2, “Creating an Organization Specific Manager Role”.

5.7.3.2. Creating an Organization Specific Manager Role

Use the Satellite web UI to create an administrative role restricted to a single organization named org-1.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Roles.
  2. Clone the existing Organization admin role. Select Clone from the drop-down list next to the Filters button. You are then prompted to insert a name for the cloned role, for example org-1 admin.
  3. Click the desired locations and organizations to associate them with the role.
  4. Click Submit to create the role.
  5. Click org-1 admin, and click Filters to view all associated filters. The default filters work for most use cases. However, you can optionally click Edit to change the properties for each filter. For some filters, you can enable the Override option if you want the role to be able to access resources in additional locations and organizations. For example, by selecting the Domain resource type, the Override option, and then additional locations and organizations using the Locations and Organizations tabs, you allow this role to access domains in the additional locations and organizations that is not associated with this role. You can also click New filter to associate new filters with this role.

5.7.4. Supported Operators for Granular Search

Table 5.2. Logical Operators

Operator

Description

and

Combines search criteria.

not

Negates an expression.

has

Object must have a specified property.

Table 5.3. Symbolic Operators

Operator

Description

=

Is equal to. An equality comparison that is case-sensitive for text fields.

!=

Is not equal to. An inversion of the = operator.

~

Like. A case-insensitive occurrence search for text fields.

!~

Not like. An inversion of the ~ operator.

^

In. An equality comparison that is case-sensitive search for text fields. This generates a different SQL query to the Is equal to comparison, and is more efficient for multiple value comparison.

!^

Not in. An inversion of the ^ operator.

>, >=

Greater than, greater than or equal to. Supported for numerical fields only.

<, ⇐

Less than, less than or equal to. Supported for numerical fields only.

Chapter 6. Email Notifications

Email notifications are created by Satellite Server periodically or after completion of certain events. The periodic notifications can be sent daily, weekly or monthly.

The events that trigger a notification are the following:

  • Host build
  • Content View promotion
  • Error reported by host
  • Repository sync

Users do not receive any email notifications by default. An administrator can configure users to receive notifications based on criteria such as the type of notification, and frequency.

Note

If you want email notifications sent to a group’s email address, instead of an individual’s email address, create a user account with the group’s email address and minimal Satellite permissions, then subscribe the user account to the desired notification types.

Important

Satellite Server does not enable outgoing emails by default, therefore you must review your email configuration. For more information, see Configuring Satellite Server for Outgoing Emails in Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network.

6.1. Configuring Email Notifications

You can configure Satellite to send email messages to individual users registered to Satellite. Satellite sends the email to the email address that has been added to the account, if present. Users can edit the email address by clicking on their name in the top-right of the Satellite web UI and selecting My account.

Configure email notifications for a user from the Satellite web UI.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Click the Username of the user you want to edit.
  3. On the User tab, verify the value of the Mail field. Email notifications will be sent to the address in this field.
  4. On the Email Preferences tab, select Mail Enabled.
  5. Select the notifications you want the user to receive using the drop-down menus next to the notification types.

    Note

    The Audit Summary notification can be filtered by entering the required query in the Mail Query text box.

  6. Click Submit.

    The user will start receiving the notification emails.

6.2. Testing Email Delivery

To verify the delivery of emails, send a test email to a user. If the email gets delivered, the settings are correct.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Users.
  2. Click on the username.
  3. On the Email Preferences tab, click Test email.

    A test email message is sent immediately to the user’s email address.

If the email is delivered, the verification is complete. Otherwise, you must perform the following diagnostic steps:

  1. Verify the user’s email address.
  2. Verify Satellite Server’s email configuration.
  3. Examine firewall and mail server logs.

6.3. Testing Email Notifications

To verify that users are correctly subscribed to notifications, trigger the notifications manually.

Procedure

  • To trigger the notifications, execute the following command:

    # foreman-rake reports:_My_Frequency_

    Replace My_Frequency with one of the following:

  • daily
  • weekly
  • monthly

This triggers all notifications scheduled for the specified frequency for all the subscribed users. If every subscribed user receives the notifications, the verification succeeds.

Note

Sending manually triggered notifications to individual users is currently not supported.

6.4. Notification Types

The following are the notifications created by Satellite:

  • Audit summary: A summary of all activity audited by Satellite Server.
  • Host built: A notification sent when a host is built.
  • Host errata advisory: A summary of applicable and installable errata for hosts managed by the user.
  • OpenSCAP policy summary: A summary of OpenSCAP policy reports and their results.
  • Promote errata: A notification sent only after a Content View promotion. It contains a summary of errata applicable and installable to hosts registered to the promoted Content View. This allows a user to monitor what updates have been applied to which hosts.
  • Puppet error state: A notification sent after a host reports an error related to Puppet.
  • Puppet summary: A summary of Puppet reports.
  • Sync errata: A notification sent only after synchronizing a repository. It contains a summary of new errata introduced by the synchronization.

6.5. Changing Email Notification Settings for a Host

Satellite can send event notifications for a host to the host’s registered owner. You can configure Satellite to send email notifications either to an individual user or a user group. When set to a user group, all group members who are subscribed to the email type receive a message.

Receiving email notifications for a host can be useful, but also overwhelming if you are expecting to receive frequent errors, for example, because of a known issue or error you are working around.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > All Hosts, locate the host that you want to view, and click Edit in the Actions column.
  2. Go to the Additional Information tab. If the checkbox Include this host within Satellite reporting is checked, then the email notifications are enabled on that host.
  3. Optional: Toggle the checkbox to enable or disable the email notifications.

    Note

    If you want to receive email notifications, ensure that you have an email address set in your user settings.

Chapter 7. Managing Security Compliance

Security compliance management is the ongoing process of defining security policies, auditing systems for compliance with those policies, and resolving instances of non-compliance. Any non-compliance is managed according to the organization’s configuration management policies. Security policies range in scope from host-specific to industry-wide, therefore, flexibility in their definition is required.

With Satellite, you can schedule compliance auditing and reporting on all registered hosts.

7.1. Security Content Automation Protocol

Satellite uses the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) standard to define security policies.

SCAP is a framework of several specifications based on XML, such as checklists described in the Extensible Checklist Configuration Description Format (XCCDF) and vulnerabilities described in the Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language (OVAL). These specifications are encapsulated as data stream files.

Checklist items in XCCDF, also known as rules, express the desired configuration of a system item. For example, a rule may specify that no one can log in to a host over SSH using the root user account. Rules can be grouped into one or more XCCDF profiles, which allows multiple profiles to share a rule.

The OpenSCAP scanner tool evaluates system items on a host against the rules and generates a report in the Asset Reporting Format (ARF), which is then returned to Satellite for monitoring and analysis.

Table 7.1. Specifications in the SCAP Framework 1.3 supported by the OpenSCAP scanner

Title

Description

Version

SCAP

Security Content Automation Protocol

1.3

XCCDF

Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format

1.2

OVAL

Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language

5.11

-

Asset Identification

1.1

ARF

Asset Reporting Format

1.1

CCE

Common Configuration Enumeration

5.0

CPE

Common Platform Enumeration

2.3

CVE

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

2.0

CVSS

Common Vulnerability Scoring System

2.0

Additional resources

7.2. SCAP Content in Satellite

SCAP content is a SCAP data-stream file that contains implementation of compliance, configuration, or security baselines. A single data stream usually includes multiple XCCDF profiles. An XCCDF profile defines an industry standard or custom security standard against which you can evaluate compliance of host configuration in Satellite, such as Protection Profile for General Purpose Operating Systems (OSPP), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and PCI-DSS v3.2.1 Control Baseline for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. You can adapt existing XCCDF profiles according to your requirements using tailoring files.

In Satellite, you use an XCCDF profile from SCAP content and, eventually, a tailoring file, to define a compliance policy. Satellite includes default SCAP contents from SCAP Security Guide provided by the OpenSCAP project.

For more information on how to download, deploy, modify, and create your own content, see:

7.2.1. Supported SCAP Versions

Satellite supports content of SCAP versions 1.2 and 1.3.

7.3. Compliance Policy Deployment Options

You can use one of the following methods to deploy compliance policies:

Ansible deployment
You use an Ansible role to configure hosts for compliance scans.
Puppet deployment
You use a Puppet class and the Puppet agent to configure hosts for compliance scans.
Manual deployment
You manually configure hosts for compliance scans.

7.4. Configuring Compliance Policy Deployment Methods

Use one the following procedures to configure Satellite for the method that you have selected to deploy compliance policies. You will select one of these methods when you later create a compliance policy.

Procedure for Ansible deployment

  1. Import the theforeman.foreman_scap_client Ansible role.

    For more information, see Configuring Red Hat Satellite to use Ansible.

  2. Assign the created policy and the theforeman.foreman_scap_client Ansible role to a host or host group.
  3. To trigger the deployment, run the Ansible role on the host or host group either manually, or set up a recurring job by using remote execution for regular policy updates.

    For more information, see Configuring and Setting Up Remote Jobs in Managing Hosts.

Procedure for Puppet deployment

  1. Ensure Puppet is enabled.
  2. Ensure the Puppet agent is installed on hosts.
  3. Import the Puppet environment that contains the foreman_scap_client Puppet module.

    For more information, see Managing Configurations Using Puppet Integration in Red Hat Satellite.

  4. Assign the created policy and the foreman_scap_client Puppet class to a host or host group.

    Puppet triggers the deployment on the next regular run or you can run Puppet manually. Puppet runs every 30 minutes by default.

Procedure for manual deployment

7.5. Listing Available SCAP Contents

Use this procedure to view what SCAP contents are already loaded in Satellite. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_scap_contents permission.

Procedure

  • In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – SCAP contents.

CLI procedure

  • Run the following Hammer command on Satellite Server:

    # hammer scap-content list \
    --location "My_Location" \
    --organization "My_Organization"

7.6. Configuring SCAP Contents

You can upload SCAP data streams and tailoring files to define compliance policies.

7.6.1. Loading the Default SCAP Contents

By loading the default SCAP contents on Satellite Server, you ensure that the data streams from the SCAP Security Guide (SSG) are loaded and assigned to all organizations and locations.

SSG is provided by the operating system of Satellite Server and installed in /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/. Note that the available data streams depend on the operating system version on which Satellite runs. You can only use this SCAP content to scan hosts that have the same minor RHEL version as your Satellite Server. For more information, see Section 7.6.2, “Getting Supported SCAP Contents for RHEL”.

Prerequisites

  • Your user account has a role assigned that has the create_scap_contents permission.

Procedure

  • Use the following Hammer command on Satellite Server:

    # hammer scap-content bulk-upload --type default

7.6.2. Getting Supported SCAP Contents for RHEL

You can get the latest SCAP Security Guide (SSG) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux on the Red Hat Customer Portal. You have to get a version of SSG that is designated for the minor RHEL version of your hosts.

Procedure

  1. Access the SCAP Security Guide in the package browser.
  2. From the Version menu, select the latest SSG version for the minor version of RHEL that your hosts are running. For example, for RHEL 8.6, select a version named *.el8_6.
  3. Download the package RPM.
  4. Extract the data-stream file (*-ds.xml) from the RPM. For example:

    $ rpm2cpio scap-security-guide-0.1.69-3.el8_6.noarch.rpm \
    | cpio -iv --to-stdout ./usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel8-ds.xml \
    > ssg-rhel-8.6-ds.xml
  5. Upload the data stream to Satellite. For more information, see Section 7.6.3, “Uploading Additional SCAP Content”.

Additional resources

7.6.3. Uploading Additional SCAP Content

You can upload additional SCAP content into Satellite Server, either content created by yourself or obtained elsewhere. Note that Red Hat only provides support for SCAP content obtained from Red Hat. To use the CLI instead of the Satellite web UI, see the CLI procedure.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the create_scap_contents permission.
  • You have acquired a SCAP data-stream file.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance > SCAP contents.
  2. Click Upload New SCAP Content.
  3. Enter a title in the Title text box, such as My SCAP Content.
  4. In Scap File, click Choose file, navigate to the location containing a SCAP data-stream file and click Open.
  5. On the Locations tab, select locations.
  6. On the Organizations tab, select organizations.
  7. Click Submit.

If the SCAP content file is loaded successfully, a message similar to Successfully created My SCAP Content is displayed.

CLI procedure

  1. Place the SCAP data-stream file to a directory on your Satellite Server, such as /usr/share/xml/scap/my_content/.
  2. Run the following Hammer command on Satellite Server:

    # hammer scap-content bulk-upload --type directory \
    --directory /usr/share/xml/scap/my_content/ \
    --location "My_Location" \
    --organization "My_Organization"

Verification

7.6.4. Tailoring XCCDF Profiles

You can customize existing XCCDF profiles using tailoring files without editing the original SCAP content. A single tailoring file can contain customizations of multiple XCCDF profiles.

You can create a tailoring file using the SCAP Workbench tool. For more information on using the SCAP Workbench tool, see Customizing SCAP Security Guide for your use case.

Then you can assign a tailoring file to a compliance policy to customize an XCCDF profile in the policy.

7.6.5. Uploading a Tailoring File

After uploading a tailoring file, you can apply it in a compliance policy to customize an XCCDF profile.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the create_tailoring_files permission.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – Tailoring Files and click New Tailoring File.
  2. Enter a name in the Name text box.
  3. Click Choose File, navigate to the location containing the tailoring file and select Open.
  4. Click Submit to upload the chosen tailoring file.

7.7. Managing Compliance Policies

A compliance policy is a scheduled audit that checks the specified hosts for compliance against a specific XCCDF profile from a SCAP content.

You specify the schedule for scans on Satellite Server and the scans are performed on hosts. When a scan completes, a report in ARF format is generated and uploaded to Satellite Server. The compliance policy makes no changes to the scanned host.

A compliance policy defines a SCAP client configuration and a cron schedule. The policy is then deployed together with the SCAP client on hosts to which the policy is assigned.

7.7.1. Compliance Policy

A scheduled audit, also known as a compliance policy, is a scheduled task that checks the specified hosts for compliance against an XCCDF profile. The schedule for scans is specified by Satellite Server and the scans are performed on the host. When a scan completes, an Asset Reporting File (ARF) is generated in XML format and uploaded to Satellite Server. You can see the results of the scan in the compliance policy dashboard. No changes are made to the scanned host by the compliance policy. The SCAP content includes several profiles with associated rules but policies are not included by default.

7.7.2. Creating a Compliance Policy

By creating a compliance policy, you can define and plan your security compliance requirements, and ensure that your hosts remain compliant to your security policies.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – Policies.
  2. Click New Policy or New Compliance Policy.
  3. Select the deployment method: Ansible, Puppet, or Manual. Then click Next.
  4. Enter a name for this policy, a description (optional), then click Next.
  5. Select the SCAP Content and XCCDF Profile to be applied, then click Next.

    Note that Satellite does not detect whether the selected XCCDF profile contains any rules. An empty XCCDF profile, such as the Default XCCDF Profile, will return empty reports.

  6. Optional: To customize the XCCDF profile, select a Tailoring File and a XCCDF Profile in Tailoring File, then click Next.
  7. Specify the scheduled time when the policy is to be applied. Select Weekly, Monthly, or Custom from the Period list. The Custom option allows for greater flexibility in the policy’s schedule.

    • If you select Weekly, also select the desired day of the week from the Weekday list.
    • If you select Monthly, also specify the desired day of the month in the Day of month field.
    • If you select Custom, enter a valid Cron expression in the Cron line field.
  8. Select the locations to which to apply the policy, then click Next.
  9. Select the organizations to which to apply the policy, then click Next.
  10. Optional: Select the host groups to which to assign the policy.
  11. Click Submit.

7.7.3. Viewing a Compliance Policy

You can preview the rules which will be applied by specific OpenSCAP content and profile combination. This is useful when you plan policies.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_policies permission.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – Policies.
  2. In the Actions column of the required policy, click Show Guide or select it from the list.

7.7.4. Editing a Compliance Policy

In the Satellite web UI, you can edit compliance policies.

Puppet agent applies an edited policy to the host on the next run. By default, this occurs every 30 minutes. If you use Ansible, you must run the Ansible role manually again or have configured a recurring remote execution job that runs the Ansible role on hosts.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_policies and edit_policies permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – Policies.
  2. Click the name of the required policy.
  3. Edit the necessary attributes.
  4. Click Submit.

7.7.5. Deleting a Compliance Policy

In the Satellite web UI, you can delete existing compliance policies.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_policies and destroy_policies permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Compliance – Policies.
  2. In the Actions column of the required policy, select Delete from the list.
  3. Click OK in the confirmation message.

7.8. Deploying Compliance Policies

To deploy a compliance policy, you must install the SCAP client, update the cron schedule file, and upload the SCAP content selected in the policy onto a host.

7.8.1. Deploying a Policy in a Host Group Using Ansible

After you deploy a compliance policy in a host group using Ansible, the Ansible role installs the SCAP client and configures OpenSCAP scans on the hosts according to the selected compliance policy.

Prerequisites

  • You have enabled OpenSCAP on your Capsule. For more information, see Enabling OpenSCAP on Capsule Servers in Installing Capsule Server.
  • You have enabled and synced the Satellite Client 6 repository to Satellite, and enabled it on the hosts.
  • You have created a compliance policy with the Ansible deployment option and assigned the host group.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Configure > Host Groups.
  2. Click the host group that you want to configure for OpenSCAP reporting.
  3. From the OpenSCAP Capsule list, select the Capsule with OpenSCAP enabled that you want to use.
  4. On the Ansible Roles tab, assign the theforeman.foreman_scap_client Ansible role.
  5. Optional: On the Parameters tab, configure any Ansible variables of the role.
  6. Click Submit to save your changes.
  7. In the row of the required host group, navigate to the Actions column and select Run all Ansible roles.

7.8.2. Deploying a Policy on a Host Using Ansible

After you deploy a compliance policy on a host using Ansible, the Ansible role installs the SCAP client and configures OpenSCAP scans on the host according to the selected compliance policy.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > All Hosts, and select Edit on the host you want to configure for OpenSCAP reporting.
  2. From the OpenSCAP Capsule list, select the Capsule with OpenSCAP enabled that you want to use.
  3. On the Ansible Roles tab, add the theforeman.foreman_scap_client Ansible role.
  4. Optional: On the Parameters tab, configure any Ansible variables of the role.
  5. Click Submit to save your changes.
  6. Click the Hosts breadcrumbs link to navigate back to the host index page.
  7. Select the host or hosts to which you want to add the policy.
  8. Click Select Action.
  9. Select Assign Compliance Policy from the list.
  10. In the Assign Compliance Policy window, select Remember hosts selection for the next bulk action.
  11. Select the required policy from the list of available policies and click Submit.
  12. Click Select Action.
  13. Select Run all Ansible roles from the list.

7.8.3. Deploying a Policy in a Host Group Using Puppet

After you deploy a compliance policy in a host group using Puppet, the Puppet agent installs the SCAP client and configures OpenSCAP scans on the hosts on the next Puppet run according to the selected compliance policy.

Prerequisites

  • You have enabled OpenSCAP on your Capsule. For more information, see Enabling OpenSCAP on Capsule Servers in Installing Capsule Server.
  • You have enabled and synced the Satellite Client 6 repository to Satellite, and enabled it on the hosts.
  • You have created a compliance policy with the Puppet deployment option and assigned the host group.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Configure > Host Groups.
  2. Click the host group that you want to configure for OpenSCAP reporting.
  3. In the Environment list, select the Puppet environment that contains the foreman_scap_client* Puppet classes.
  4. In the OpenSCAP Capsule list, select the Capsule with OpenSCAP enabled that you want to use.
  5. On the Puppet ENC tab, add the foreman_scap_client Puppet class.
  6. Optional: Configure any Puppet Class Parameters.
  7. Click Submit to save your changes.

7.8.4. Deploying a Policy on a Host Using Puppet

After you deploy a compliance policy on a host using Puppet, the Puppet agent installs the SCAP client and configures OpenSCAP scans on the host on the next Puppet run according to the selected compliance policy.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > All Hosts, and select Edit on the host you want to configure for OpenSCAP reporting.
  2. From the Environment list, select the Puppet environment that contains the foreman_scap_client and foreman_scap_client::params Puppet classes.
  3. From the OpenSCAP Capsule list, select the Capsule with OpenSCAP enabled that you want to use.
  4. On the Puppet ENC tab, add the foreman_scap_client Puppet class.
  5. Optional: Configure any Puppet Class Parameters.
  6. Click the Hosts breadcrumbs link to navigate back to the host index page.
  7. Select the host or hosts to which you want to add the policy.
  8. Click Select Action.
  9. Select Assign Compliance Policy from the list.
  10. In the Assign Compliance Policy window, select Remember hosts selection for the next bulk action.
  11. Select the required policy from the list of available policies and click Submit.

7.9. Running a Security Compliance Scan on Demand

Hosts perform OpenSCAP scans regularly by the CRON schedule defined in the compliance policies assigned to hosts. However, you can also run a scan on a host for all configured compliance policies manually at any time.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. Navigate to Hosts > All Hosts.
  2. Click the hostname of the required host.
  3. On the host details page, expand the Schedule a job dropdown menu.
  4. Select Run OpenSCAP scan.

Verification

  1. In the host details overview, locate the Recent jobs card.
  2. Select the Running tab. Unless the job has already finished, the table shows a job called Run scan for all OpenSCAP policies.
  3. On the Recent jobs card, select the Finished tab.
  4. If the job has finished successfully, you should see the succeeded status in the row of the job.
  5. Optional: Click the job name to review invocation details.

7.10. Monitoring Compliance

With Satellite, you can centralize compliance monitoring and management. A compliance dashboard provides an overview of compliance of hosts and the ability to view details for each host within the scope of that policy. Compliance reports provide a detailed analysis of compliance of each host with the applicable policy. With this information, you can evaluate the risks presented by each host and manage the resources required to bring hosts into compliance. By monitoring compliance with SCAP, you can verify policy compliance and detect changes in compliance.

7.10.1. Searching Compliance Reports

Use the Compliance Reports search field to filter the list of available reports on any subset of hosts.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Reports.
  2. Optional: To see a list of available search parameters, click the empty Search field.
  3. Enter the search query in the Search field and click Search. The search query is case insensitive.

Search Query Examples

Find all compliance reports for which more than five rules failed
failed > 5
Find all compliance reports created after January 1, 2023, for hosts with hostnames that contain prod-
host ~ prod- AND date > "Jan 1, 2023"
Find all reports generated by the rhel7_audit compliance policy from an hour ago
"1 hour ago" AND compliance_policy = date = "1 hour ago" AND compliance_policy = rhel7_audit
Find reports that pass an XCCDF rule
xccdf_rule_passed = xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_firefox_preferences-auto-download_actions
Find reports that fail an XCCDF rule
xccdf_rule_failed = xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_firefox_preferences-auto-download_actions
Find reports that have a result different than fail or pass for an XCCDF rule
xccdf_rule_othered = xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_firefox_preferences-auto-download_actions

Additional Information

  • You can create complex queries with the following logical operators: and, not and has. For more information about logical operators, see Supported Operators for Granular Search in Administering Red Hat Satellite.
  • You cannot use regular expressions in a search query. However, you can use multiple fields in a single search expression. For more information about all available search operators, see Supported Operators for Granular Search in Administering Red Hat Satellite.
  • You can bookmark a search to reuse the same search query. For more information, see Creating Bookmarks in Administering Red Hat Satellite.

7.10.2. Compliance Email Notifications

Satellite Server sends an OpenSCAP Summary email to all users who subscribe to the Compliance policy summary email notifications. For more information on subscribing to email notifications, see Section 6.1, “Configuring Email Notifications”.

Each time a policy is run, Satellite checks the results against the previous run, noting any changes between them. The email is sent according to the frequency requested by each subscriber, providing a summary of each policy and its most recent result.

7.10.3. Viewing Compliance Policy Statistics

You can view a compliance policy dashboard to verify compliance reports of a particular policy. The compliance policy dashboard provides a statistical summary of compliance of hosts and the ability to view report details for each host within the scope of that policy.

Consider prioritizing the following hosts when viewing compliance reports:

  • Hosts which were evaluated as Failed
  • Hosts labelled as Never audited because their status is unknown

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_policies permission.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Policies.
  2. In the row of the required policy, navigate to the Actions column and click Dashboard.

7.10.4. Examining Hosts per Rule Compliance Result

You can examine a simplified report and use policy rules to list hosts that have a certain compliance result, such as failing a particular rule.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_arf_reports and view_hosts permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Reports.
  2. In the Reported At column, navigate to the report of the required host and compliance policy, and click the time link.
  3. Satellite displays a simplified list of policy rules with the results of the scan.
  4. Optional: Filter the rules by check result. From the Show log messages dropdown list, select one of the following filters:

    • Failed and othered – to view rules that have failed or have not been checked during the scan,
    • Failed only – to view only rules that have failed.
  5. Optional: Examine the details of the rule. In the Message column, click the icon next to the name of the rule.
  6. In the row of the required rule, navigate to the Actions column and click Hosts failing this rule.

7.10.5. Examining Compliance Failures of a Host

You can examine a full compliance report, determine why a host failed compliance on a rule, and, in some cases, see how to remediate a case of non-compliance.

Warning

Do not implement any of the recommended remedial actions or scripts without first testing them in a non-production environment. Remediation might render the system non-functional.

A compliance report consists of the following areas:

  • Introduction
  • Evaluation Characteristics
  • Compliance and Scoring
  • Rule Overview

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_arf_reports and view_hosts permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Reports to list all compliance reports.
  2. In the row of the required host, navigate to the Actions column and click Full Report to view the complete details of an evaluation report.
  3. Navigate to the Evaluation Characteristics area to review basic details about the evaluation of the host against a specific profile.
  4. Navigate to the Compliance and Scoring area to review evaluation statistics and the host compliance score.
  5. Navigate to the Rule Overview to examine the rules.
  6. Optional: Deselect the check statuses that you want to hide, such as pass, notapplicable, or fixed.
  7. Optional: From the Group rule by dropdown menu, select the criterion for the grouping of rules, such as Severity.
  8. Optional: Enter a search string into the search field to filter rules by title. The search is case insensitive and applied dynamically as you type.
  9. Click the title of a rule to inspect further result details:

    • A description of the rule with instructions for bringing the host into compliance if available.
    • The rationale for the rule.
    • In some cases, a remediation script.

7.10.6. Deleting a Compliance Report

You can delete compliance reports on your Satellite.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_arf_reports and destroy_arf_reports permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Reports.
  2. In the Compliance Reports window, identify the policy that you want to delete and, on the right of the policy’s name, select Delete.
  3. Click OK.

7.10.7. Deleting Multiple Compliance Reports

You can delete multiple compliance policies simultaneously. However, in the Satellite web UI, compliance policies are paginated, so you must delete one page of reports at a time. If you want to delete all OpenSCAP reports, use the script in Deleting OpenSCAP Reports in the API Guide.

Prerequisite

  • Your user account has the view_arf_reports and destroy_arf_reports permissions.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Hosts > Reports.
  2. In the Compliance Reports window, select the compliance reports that you want to delete.
  3. In the upper right of the list, select Delete reports.
  4. Repeat these steps for as many pages as you want to delete.

Chapter 8. Backing Up Satellite Server and Capsule Server

You can back up your Satellite deployment to ensure the continuity of your Red Hat Satellite deployment and associated data in the event of a disaster. If your deployment uses custom configurations, you must consider how to handle these custom configurations when you plan your backup and disaster recovery policy.

+

Note

The instances created using the backup tool are not supposed to run in parallel in a production environment. You must decommission any old instances after restoring the backup.

To create a backup of your Satellite Server or Capsule Server and all associated data, use the satellite-maintain backup command. Backing up to a separate storage device on a separate system is highly recommended.

Satellite services are unavailable during the backup. Therefore, you must ensure that no other tasks are scheduled by other administrators. You can schedule a backup using cron. For more information, see the Section 8.5, “Example of a Weekly Full Backup Followed by Daily Incremental Backups”.

During offline or snapshot backups, the services are inactive and Satellite is in a maintenance mode. All the traffic from outside on port 443 is rejected by a firewall to ensure there are no modifications triggered.

A backup contains sensitive information from the /root/ssl-build directory. For example, it can contain hostnames, ssh keys, request files and SSL certificates. You must encrypt or move the backup to a secure location to minimize the risk of damage or unauthorized access to the hosts.

Conventional Backup Methods

You can also use conventional backup methods. For more information, see System Backup and Recovery in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator’s Guide.

Note

If you plan to use the satellite-maintain backup command to create a backup, do not stop Satellite services.

  • When creating a snapshot or conventional backup, you must stop all services as follows:

    # satellite-maintain service stop
  • Start the services after creating a snapshot or conventional backup:

    # satellite-maintain service start

8.1. Estimating the Size of a Backup

The full backup creates uncompressed archives of PostgreSQL and Pulp database files, and Satellite configuration files. Compression occurs after the archives are created to decrease the time when Satellite services are unavailable.

A full backup requires space to store the following data:

  • Uncompressed Satellite database and configuration files
  • Compressed Satellite database and configuration files
  • An extra 20% of the total estimated space to ensure a reliable backup

Procedure

  1. Enter the du command to estimate the size of uncompressed directories containing Satellite database and configuration files:

    For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8:

    # du -sh /var/lib/pgsql/data /var/lib/pulp
    100G    /var/lib/pgsql/data
    100G	/var/lib/pulp
    
    # du -csh /var/lib/qpidd /var/lib/tftpboot /etc /root/ssl-build \
    /var/www/html/pub /opt/puppetlabs
    886M  /var/lib/qpidd
    16M   /var/lib/tftpboot
    37M   /etc
    900K  /root/ssl-build
    100K  /var/www/html/pub
    2M    /opt/puppetlabs
    942M  total

    For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:

    # du -sh /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data /var/lib/pulp
    100G    /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data
    100G	/var/lib/pulp
    
    # du -csh /var/lib/qpidd /var/lib/tftpboot /etc /root/ssl-build \
    /var/www/html/pub /opt/puppetlabs
    886M  /var/lib/qpidd
    16M   /var/lib/tftpboot
    37M   /etc
    900K  /root/ssl-build
    100K  /var/www/html/pub
    2M    /opt/puppetlabs
    942M  total

  2. Calculate how much space is required to store the compressed data.

    The following table describes the compression ratio of all data items included in the backup:

    Table 8.1. Backup Data Compression Ratio for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    Data typeDirectoryRatioExample results

    PostgreSQL database files

    /var/lib/pgsql/data

    80 – 85%

    100 GB → 20 GB

    Pulp RPM files

    /var/lib/pulp

    (not compressed)

    100 GB

    Configuration files

    /var/lib/qpidd
    /var/lib/tftpboot
    /etc
    /root/ssl-build
    /var/www/html/pub
    /opt/puppetlabs

    85%

    942 MB → 141 MB

    Table 8.2. Backup Data Compression Ratio for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    Data typeDirectoryRatioExample results

    PostgreSQL database files

    /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data

    80 - 85%

    100 GB → 20 GB

    Pulp RPM files

    /var/lib/pulp

    (not compressed)

    100 GB

    Configuration files

    /var/lib/qpidd
    /var/lib/tftpboot
    /etc
    /root/ssl-build
    /var/www/html/pub
    /opt/puppetlabs

    85%

    942 MB → 141 MB

    In this example, the compressed backup data occupies 120 GB in total.

  3. To calculate the amount of available space you require to store a backup, calculate the sum of the estimated values of compressed and uncompressed backup data, and add an extra 20% to ensure a reliable backup.

    This example requires 201 GB plus 120 GB for the uncompressed and compressed backup data, 321 GB in total. With 64 GB of extra space, 385 GB must be allocated for the backup location.

8.2. Performing a Full Backup of Satellite Server or Capsule Server

Red Hat Satellite uses the satellite-maintain backup command to make backups.

There are three main methods of backing up Satellite Server:

  • Offline backup
  • Online backup
  • Snapshot backups

    For more information about each of these methods, you can view the usage statements for each backup method.

Offline backups

# satellite-maintain backup offline --help

Online backups

# satellite-maintain backup online --help

Snapshots backups

# satellite-maintain backup snapshot --help

Directory creation

The satellite-maintain backup command creates a time-stamped subdirectory in the backup directory that you specify. The satellite-maintain backup command does not overwrite backups, therefore you must select the correct directory or subdirectory when restoring from a backup or an incremental backup. The satellite-maintain backup command stops and restarts services as required.

When you run the satellite-maintain backup offline command, the following default backup directories are created:

  • satellite-backup on Satellite
  • foreman-proxy-backup on Capsule

If you want to set a custom directory name, add the --preserve-directory option and add a directory name. The backup is then stored in the directory you provide in the command line. If you use the --preserve-directory option, no data is removed if the backup fails.

Note that if you use a local PostgreSQL database, the postgres user requires write access to the backup directory.

Remote databases

You can use the satellite-maintain backup command to back up remote databases.

You can use both online and offline methods to back up remote databases, but if you use offline methods, such as snapshot, the satellite-maintain backup command performs a database dump.

Prerequisites

Warning

Request other users of Satellite Server or Capsule Server to save any changes and warn them that Satellite services are unavailable for the duration of the backup. Ensure no other tasks are scheduled for the same time as the backup.

Procedure

  • On Satellite Server, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline /var/satellite-backup
  • On Capsule Server, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline /var/foreman-proxy-backup

8.3. Performing a Backup without Pulp Content

You can perform an offline backup that excludes the contents of the Pulp directory. The backup without Pulp content is useful for debugging purposes and is only intended to provide access to configuration files without backing up the Pulp database. For production usecases, do not restore from a directory that does not contain Pulp content.

Warning

Request other users of Satellite Server or Capsule Server to save any changes and warn them that Satellite services are unavailable for the duration of the backup. Ensure no other tasks are scheduled for the same time as the backup.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  • To perform an offline backup without Pulp content, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline --skip-pulp-content /var/backup_directory

8.4. Performing an Incremental Backup

Use this procedure to perform an offline backup of any changes since a previous backup.

To perform incremental backups, you must perform a full backup as a reference to create the first incremental backup of a sequence. Keep the most recent full backup and a complete sequence of incremental backups to restore from.

Warning

Request other users of Satellite Server or Capsule Server to save any changes and warn them that Satellite services are unavailable for the duration of the backup. Ensure no other tasks are scheduled for the same time as the backup.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. To perform a full offline backup, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline /var/backup_directory
  2. To create a directory within your backup directory to store the first incremental back up, enter the satellite-maintain backup command with the --incremental option:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline --incremental /var/backup_directory/full_backup /var/backup_directory
  3. To create the second incremental backup, enter the satellite-maintain backup command with the --incremental option and include the path to the first incremental backup to indicate the starting point for the next increment. This creates a directory for the second incremental backup in your backup directory:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline --incremental /var/backup_directory/first_incremental_backup /var/backup_directory
  4. Optional: If you want to point to a different version of the backup, and make a series of increments with that version of the backup as the starting point, you can do this at any time. For example, if you want to make a new incremental backup from the full backup rather than the first or second incremental backup, point to the full backup directory:

    # satellite-maintain backup offline --incremental /var/backup_directory/full_backup /var/backup_directory

8.5. Example of a Weekly Full Backup Followed by Daily Incremental Backups

The following script performs a full backup on a Sunday followed by incremental backups for each of the following days. A new subdirectory is created for each day that an incremental backup is performed. The script requires a daily cron job.

#!/bin/bash -e
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESTINATION=/var/backup_directory
if [[ $(date +%w) == 0 ]]; then
  satellite-maintain backup offline --assumeyes $DESTINATION
else
  LAST=$(ls -td -- $DESTINATION/*/ | head -n 1)
  satellite-maintain backup offline --assumeyes --incremental "$LAST" $DESTINATION
fi
exit 0

Note that the satellite-maintain backup command requires /sbin and /usr/sbin directories to be in PATH and the --assumeyes option is used to skip the confirmation prompt.

8.6. Performing an Online Backup

Perform an online backup only for debugging purposes.

Risks Associated with Online Backups

When performing an online backup, if there are procedures affecting the Pulp database, the Pulp part of the backup procedure repeats until it is no longer being altered. Because the backup of the Pulp database is the most time consuming part of backing up Satellite, if you make a change that alters the Pulp database during this time, the backup procedure keeps restarting.

For production environments, use the snapshot method. For more information, see Section 8.7, “Performing a Snapshot Backup”. If you want to use the online backup method in production, proceed with caution and ensure that no modifications occur during the backup.

Warning

Request other users of Satellite Server or Capsule Server to save any changes and warn them that Satellite services are unavailable for the duration of the backup. Ensure no other tasks are scheduled for the same time as the backup.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  • To perform an online backup, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain backup online /var/backup_directory

8.7. Performing a Snapshot Backup

You can perform a snapshot backup that uses Logical Volume Manager (LVM) snapshots of the Pulp, and PostgreSQL directories. Creating a backup from LVM snapshots mitigates the risk of an inconsistent backup.

The snapshot backup method is faster than a full offline backup and therefore reduces Satellite downtime.

To view the usage statement, enter the following command:

satellite-maintain backup snapshot -h
Warning

Request other Satellite Server or Capsule Server users to save any changes and warn them that Satellite services are unavailable for the duration of the backup. Ensure no other tasks are scheduled for the same time as the backup.

Prerequisites

  • The system uses LVM for the directories that you snapshot: /var/lib/pulp/, and /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql.
  • The free disk space in the relevant volume group (VG) is three times the size of the snapshot. More precisely, the VG must have enough space unreserved by the member logical volumes (LVs) to accommodate new snapshots. In addition, one of the LVs must have enough free space for the backup directory.
  • The target backup directory is on a different LV than the directories that you snapshot.

Procedure

  • To perform a snapshot backup, enter the satellite-maintain backup snapshot command:

    # satellite-maintain backup snapshot /var/backup_directory

The satellite-maintain backup snapshot command creates snapshots when the services are active, and stops all services which can impact the backup. This makes the maintenance window shorter. After the successful snapshot, all services are restarted and LVM snapshots are removed.

8.8. White-listing and Skipping Steps When Performing Backups

A backup using the satellite-maintain backup command proceeds in a sequence of steps. To skip part of the backup add the --whitelist option to the command and add the step label that you want to omit.

Procedure

  • To display a list of available step labels, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain advanced procedure run -h
  • To skip a step of the backup, enter the satellite-maintain backup command with the --whitelist option. For example:

    # satellite-maintain backup online --whitelist backup-metadata -y /var/backup_directory

Chapter 9. Restoring Satellite Server or Capsule Server from a Backup

You can restore Satellite Server or Capsule Server from the backup data that you create as part of Chapter 8, Backing Up Satellite Server and Capsule Server. This process outlines how to restore the backup on the same server that generated the backup, and all data covered by the backup is deleted on the target system. If the original system is unavailable, provision a system with the same configuration settings and host name.

9.1. Restoring from a Full Backup

Use this procedure to restore Red Hat Satellite or Capsule Server from a full backup. When the restore process completes, all processes are online, and all databases and system configuration revert to the state at the time of the backup.

Prerequisites

  • Ensure that you are restoring to the correct instance. The Red Hat Satellite instance must have the same host name, configuration, and be the same minor version (X.Y) as the original system.
  • Ensure that you have an existing target directory. The target directory is read from the configuration files contained within the archive.
  • Ensure that you have enough space to store this data on the base system of Satellite Server or Capsule Server as well as enough space after the restoration to contain all the data in the /etc/ and /var/ directories contained within the backup.

    To check the space used by a directory, enter the following command:

    # du -sh /var/backup_directory

    To check for free space, enter the following command:

    # df -h /var/backup_directory

    Add the --total option to get a total of the results from more than one directory.

  • Ensure that all SELinux contexts are correct. Enter the following command to restore the correct SELinux contexts:

    # restorecon -Rnv /

Procedure

  1. Choose the appropriate method to install Satellite or Capsule:

  2. Copy the backup data to Satellite Server’s local file system. Use /var/ or /var/tmp/.
  3. Run the restoration script.

    # satellite-maintain restore /var/backup_directory

    Where backup_directory is the time-stamped directory or subdirectory containing the backed-up data.

    The restore process can take a long time to complete, because of the amount of data to copy.

Additional Resources

  • For troubleshooting, you can check /var/log/foreman/production.log and /var/log/messages.

9.2. Restoring from Incremental Backups

Use this procedure to restore Satellite or Capsule Server from incremental backups. If you have multiple branches of incremental backups, select your full backup and each incremental backup for the branch you want to restore, in chronological order.

When the restore process completes, all processes are online, and all databases and system configuration revert to the state at the time of the backup.

Procedure

  1. Restore the last full backup using the instructions in Section 9.1, “Restoring from a Full Backup”.
  2. Remove the full backup data from Satellite Server’s local file system, for example, /var/ or /var/tmp/.
  3. Copy the incremental backup data to Satellite Server’s local file system, for example, /var/ or /var/tmp/.
  4. Restore the incremental backups in the same sequence that they are made:

    # satellite-maintain restore /var/backup_directory/FIRST_INCREMENTAL
    # satellite-maintain restore /var/backup_directory/SECOND_INCREMENTAL

Additional Resources

  • For troubleshooting, you can check /var/log/foreman/production.log and /var/log/messages.

9.3. Backup and Restore Capsule Server Using a Virtual Machine Snapshot

If your Capsule Server is a virtual machine, you can restore it from a snapshot. Creating weekly snapshots to restore from is recommended. In the event of failure, you can install, or configure a new Capsule Server, and then synchronize the database content from Satellite Server.

If required, deploy a new Capsule Server, ensuring the host name is the same as before, and then install the Capsule certificates. You may still have them on Satellite Server, the package name ends in -certs.tar, alternately create new ones. Follow the procedures in Installing Capsule Server until you can confirm, in the Satellite web UI, that Capsule Server is connected to Satellite Server. Then use the procedure Section 9.3.1, “Synchronizing an External Capsule” to synchronize from Satellite.

9.3.1. Synchronizing an External Capsule

Synchronize an external Capsule with Satellite.

Procedure

  1. To synchronize an external Capsule, select the relevant organization and location in the Satellite web UI, or choose Any Organization and Any Location.
  2. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules and click the name of the Capsule to synchronize.
  3. On the Overview tab, select Synchronize.

Chapter 10. Renaming Satellite Server or Capsule Server

To rename Satellite Server or Capsule Server, you must use the satellite-change-hostname script.

If you rename Satellite Server, you must reregister all Satellite clients and configure each Capsule Server to point them to the new Satellite host name. If you use custom SSL certificates, you must regenerate them with the new host name. If you use virt-who, you must update the virt-who configuration files with the new host name.

If you rename Capsule Server, you must reregister all Capsule clients and update the Capsule host name in the Satellite web UI. If you use custom SSL certificates, you must regenerate them with the new host name.

Warning

The renaming process shuts down all Satellite Server services on the host being renamed. When the renaming is complete, all services are restarted.

10.1. Renaming Satellite Server

The host name of Satellite Server is used by Satellite Server components, all Capsule Servers, and hosts registered to it for communication. This procedure ensures that you update all references to the new host name.

If you use external authentication, you must reconfigure Satellite Server for external authentication after you run the satellite-change-hostname script. The satellite-change-hostname script breaks external authentication for Satellite Server. For more information about configuring external authentication, see Chapter 14, Configuring External Authentication.

If you use virt-who, you must update the virt-who configuration files with the new host name after you run the satellite-change-hostname script. For more information, see Modifying a virt-who Configuration in Configuring Virtual Machine Subscriptions in Red Hat Satellite.

Prerequisites

  • Both the hostname and hostname -f commands must return the FQDN of Satellite Server or the satellite-change-hostname script will fail to complete. If the hostname command returns the shortname of Satellite Server instead of the FQDN, use hostnamectl set-hostname old_fqdn to set the old FQDN correctly before attempting to use the satellite-change-hostname script.
  • Perform a backup of Satellite Server before changing a host name. If the renaming process is not successful, you must restore it from a backup. For more information, see Chapter 8, Backing Up Satellite Server and Capsule Server.
  • Optional: If Satellite Server has a custom SSL certificate installed, a new certificate must be obtained for the host’s new name. For more information, see Configuring Satellite Server with a Custom SSL Certificate in Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network.

Procedure

  1. On Satellite Server, choose the appropriate method to run the satellite-change-hostname script, providing the new host name and Satellite credentials:

    • If your Satellite Server is installed with default self-signed SSL certificates, enter the following command:

      # satellite-change-hostname new-satellite \
      --username admin \
      --password password
    • If your Satellite Server is installed with custom SSL certificates:

      # satellite-change-hostname new-satellite \
      --username admin \
      --password password \
      --custom-cert "/root/ownca/test.com/test.com.crt" \
      --custom-key "/root/ownca/test.com/test.com.key"
  2. Optional: If you have created a custom SSL certificate for the new Satellite Server host name, run the Satellite installation script to install the certificate. For more information about installing a custom SSL certificate, see Deploying a Custom SSL Certificate to Satellite Server in Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network.
  3. Reregister all Satellite hosts. For more information, see Registering Hosts in Managing Hosts.
  4. On all Capsule Servers, run the Satellite installation script to update references to the new host name:

    # satellite-installer \
    --foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url https://new-satellite.example.com \
    --foreman-proxy-trusted-hosts new-satellite.example.com \
    --puppet-server-foreman-url https://new-satellite.example.com
  5. On Satellite Server, list all Capsule Servers:

    # hammer capsule list
  6. On Satellite Server, synchronize content for each Capsule Server:

    # hammer capsule content synchronize \
    --id capsule_id_number

10.2. Renaming Capsule Server

The host name of Capsule Server is referenced by Satellite Server components, and all hosts registered to it. This procedure ensures that you update all references to the new host name.

Note
  • Both the hostname and hostname -f commands must return the FQDN of Capsule Server or the satellite-change-hostname script will fail to complete.
  • If the hostname command returns the shortname of Capsule Server instead of the FQDN, use hostnamectl set-hostname old_fqdn to set the old FQDN correctly before attempting to use the satellite-change-hostname script.

Prerequisites

  • Backup Capsule Server. The satellite-change-hostname script makes irreversible changes to Capsule Server. If the renaming process is not successful, you must restore it from a backup.

    Perform a backup before changing a host name. For more information, see Chapter 8, Backing Up Satellite Server and Capsule Server.

Procedure

  1. On Satellite Server, generate a new certificates archive file for Capsule Server.

    • If you are using the default SSL certificate, enter the following command:

      # capsule-certs-generate \
      --foreman-proxy-fqdn new-capsule.example.com \
      --certs-tar /root/new-capsule.example.com-certs.tar

      Ensure that you enter the full path to the .tar file.

    • If you are using a custom SSL certificate, create a new SSL certificate for Capsule Server. For more information, see Configuring Capsule Server with a Custom SSL Certificate in Installing Capsule Server.
  2. On Satellite Server, copy the certificates archive file to Capsule Server, providing the root user’s password when prompted. In this example the archive file is copied to the root user’s home directory, but you may prefer to copy it elsewhere.

    # scp /root/new-capsule.example.com-certs.tar root@capsule.example.com:
  3. On Capsule Server, run the satellite-change-hostname script and provide the host’s new name, Satellite credentials, and certificates archive filename.

    # satellite-change-hostname new-capsule.example.com --username admin \
    --password password \
    --certs-tar /root/new-capsule.example.com-certs.tar

    Ensure that you enter the full path to the .tar file.

  4. Optional: If you have created a custom certificate for Capsule Server, on Capsule Server, to deploy the certificate, enter the satellite-installer command that the capsule-certs-generate command returns. For more information, see Deploying a Custom SSL Certificate to Capsule Server in Installing Capsule Server.
  5. On all Capsule clients, enter the following commands to reinstall the bootstrap RPM, reregister clients, and refresh their subscriptions.

    You can use remote execution feature to perform this step. For more information, see Configuring and Setting up Remote Jobs in the Managing Hosts Guide.

    # yum remove -y katello-ca-consumer*
    
    # rpm -Uvh http://new-capsule.example.com/pub/katello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpm
    
    # subscription-manager register --org="Default_Organization" \
    --environment="Library" \
    --force
    
    # subscription-manager refresh
  6. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules.
  7. Locate Capsule Server in the list, and click Edit to the right of it.
  8. Edit the Name and URL fields to match Capsule Server’s new host name, then click Submit.
  9. On your DNS server, add a record for Capsule Server’s new host name, and delete the record for the previous host name.

Chapter 11. Maintaining Satellite Server

This chapter provides information on how to maintain a Satellite Server, including information on how to work with audit records, how to clean unused tasks, and how to recover Pulp from a full disk.

11.1. Deleting Audit Records

Audit records are created automatically in Satellite. You can use the foreman-rake audits:expire command to remove audits at any time. You can also use a cron job to schedule audit record deletions at the set interval that you want.

By default, using the foreman-rake audits:expire command removes audit records that are older than 90 days. You can specify the number of days to keep the audit records by adding the days option and add the number of days.

For example, if you want to delete audit records that are older than seven days, enter the following command:

# foreman-rake audits:expire days=7

11.2. Anonymizing Audit Records

You can use the foreman-rake audits:anonymize command to remove any user account or IP information while maintaining the audit records in the database. You can also use a cron job to schedule anonymizing the audit records at the set interval that you want.

By default, using the foreman-rake audits:anonymize command anonymizes audit records that are older than 90 days. You can specify the number of days to keep the audit records by adding the days option and add the number of days.

For example, if you want to anonymize audit records that are older than seven days, enter the following command:

# foreman-rake audits:anonymize days=7

11.3. Deleting Report Records

Report records are created automatically in Satellite. You can use the foreman-rake reports:expire command to remove reports at any time. You can also use a cron job to schedule report record deletions at the set interval that you want.

By default, using the foreman-rake reports:expire command removes report records that are older than 90 days. You can specify the number of days to keep the report records by adding the days option and add the number of days.

For example, if you want to delete report records that are older than seven days, enter the following command:

# foreman-rake reports:expire days=7

11.4. Configuring the Cleaning Unused Tasks Feature

Satellite performs regular cleaning to reduce disc space in the database and limit the rate of disk growth. As a result, Satellite backup completes faster and overall performance is higher.

By default, Satellite executes a cron job that cleans tasks every day at 19:45. Satellite removes the following tasks during the cleaning:

  • Tasks that have run successfully and are older than thirty days
  • All tasks that are older than a year

You can configure the cleaning unused tasks feature using these options:

  • To configure the time at which Satellite runs the cron job, set the --foreman-plugin-tasks-cron-line parameter to the time you want in cron format. For example, to schedule the cron job to run every day at 15:00, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-plugin-tasks-cron-line "00 15 * * *"
  • To configure the period after which Satellite deletes the tasks, edit the :rules: section in the /etc/foreman/plugins/foreman-tasks.yaml file.
  • To disable regular task cleanup on Satellite, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-plugin-tasks-automatic-cleanup false
  • To reenable regular task cleanup on Satellite, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-plugin-tasks-automatic-cleanup true

11.5. Deleting Task Records

Task records are created automatically in Satellite. You can use the foreman-rake foreman_tasks:cleanup command to remove tasks at any time. You can also use a cron job to schedule Task record deletions at the set interval that you want.

For example, if you want to delete task records from successful repository synchronizations, enter the following command:

# foreman-rake foreman_tasks:cleanup TASK_SEARCH='label = Actions::Katello::Repository::Sync' STATES='stopped'

11.6. Deleting a Task by ID

You can delete tasks by ID, for example if you have submitted confidential data by mistake.

Procedure

  1. Connect to your Satellite Server using SSH:

    # ssh root@satellite.example.com
  2. Optional: View the task:

    # hammer task info --id My_Task_ID
  3. Delete the task:

    # foreman-rake foreman_tasks:cleanup TASK_SEARCH="id=My_Task_ID"
  4. Optional: Ensure the task has been removed from Satellite Server:

    # hammer task info --id My_Task_ID

    Note that because the task is deleted, this command returns a non-zero exit code.

11.7. Recovering from a Full Disk

The following procedure describes how to resolve the situation when a logical volume (LV) with the Pulp database on it has no free space.

Procedure

  1. Let running Pulp tasks finish but do not trigger any new ones as they can fail due to the full disk.
  2. Ensure that the LV with the /var/lib/pulp directory on it has sufficient free space. Here are some ways to achieve that:

    1. Remove orphaned content:

      # foreman-rake katello:delete_orphaned_content RAILS_ENV=production

      This is run weekly so it will not free much space.

    2. Change the download policy from Immediate to On Demand for as many repositories as possible and remove already downloaded packages. See the Red Hat Knowledgebase solution How to change syncing policy for Repositories on Satellite from "Immediate" to "On-Demand" on the Red Hat Customer Portal for instructions.
    3. Grow the file system on the LV with the /var/lib/pulp directory on it. For more information, see Growing a File System on a Logical Volume in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Logical Volume Manager Administration Guide.

      Note

      If you use an untypical file system (other than for example ext3, ext4, or xfs), you might need to unmount the file system so that it is not in use. In that case, complete the following steps:

      1. Stop Satellite services:

        # satellite-maintain service stop
      2. Grow the file system on the LV.
      3. Start Satellite services:

        # satellite-maintain service start
  3. If some Pulp tasks failed due to the full disk, run them again.

11.8. Managing Packages on the Base Operating System of Satellite Server or Capsule Server

To install and update packages on the Satellite Server or Capsule Server base operating system, you must enter the satellite-maintain packages command. Satellite prevents users from installing and updating packages with yum because yum might also update the packages related to Satellite Server or Capsule Server and result in system inconsistency.

Important

The satellite-maintain packages command restarts some services on the operating system where you run it because it runs the satellite-installer command after installing packages.

Procedure

  • To install packages on Satellite Server or Capsule Server, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain packages install package_1 package_2
  • To update specific packages on Satellite Server or Capsule Server, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain packages update package_1 package_2
  • To update all packages on Satellite Server or Capsule Server, enter the following command:

    # satellite-maintain packages update

Using yum to Check for Package Updates

If you want to check for updates using yum, enter the command to install and update packages manually and then you can use yum to check for updates:

# satellite-maintain packages unlock
# yum check update
# satellite-maintain packages lock

Updating packages individually can lead to package inconsistencies in Satellite Server or Capsule Server. For more information about updating packages in Satellite Server, see Updating Satellite Server.

Enabling yum for Satellite Server or Capsule Server Package Management

If you want to install and update packages on your system using yum directly and control the stability of the system yourself, enter the following command:

# satellite-maintain packages unlock

Restoring Package Management to the Default Settings

If you want to restore the default settings and enable Satellite Server or Capsule Server to prevent users from installing and updating packages with yum and ensure the stability of the system, enter the following command:

# satellite-maintain packages lock

11.9. Reclaiming PostgreSQL Space

The PostgreSQL database can use a large amount of disk space especially in heavily loaded deployments. Use this procedure to reclaim some of this disk space on Satellite.

Procedure

  1. Stop all services, except for the postgresql service:

    # satellite-maintain service stop --exclude postgresql
  2. Switch to the postgres user and reclaim space on the database:

    # su - postgres -c 'vacuumdb --full --all'
  3. Start the other services when the vacuum completes:

    # satellite-maintain service start

11.10. Reclaiming Space From On Demand Repositories

If you set the download policy to on demand, Satellite downloads packages only when the clients request them. You can clean up these packages to reclaim space.

For a single repository

  • In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Content > Products.
  • Select a product.
  • On the Repositories tab, click the repository name.
  • From the Select Actions list, select Reclaim Space.

For multiple repositories

  • In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Content > Products.
  • Select the product name.
  • On the Repositories tab, select the checkbox of the repositories.
  • Click Reclaim Space at the top right corner.

For Capsules

  • In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules.
  • Select the Capsule Server.
  • Click Reclaim space.

Chapter 12. Renewing the Custom SSL Certificate

This chapter provides information on how to renew the custom SSL certificate on Satellite Server as well as on Capsule Server.

12.1. Renewing a Custom SSL Certificate on Satellite Server

Use this procedure to update your custom SSL certificate for Satellite Server.

Prerequisite

  • You must create a new Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and send it to the Certificate Authority to sign the certificate. Refer to the Configuring Satellite Server with a Custom SSL Certificate guide before creating a new CSR because the Server certificate must have X.509 v3 Key Usage and Extended Key Usage extensions with required values. In return, you will receive the Satellite Server certificate and CA bundle.

Procedure

  • Before deploying a renewed custom certificate on your Satellite Server, validate the custom SSL input files. Note that for the katello-certs-check command to work correctly, Common Name (CN) in the certificate must match the FQDN of Satellite Server:

    # katello-certs-check -t satellite \
    -b /root/satellite_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
    -c /root/satellite_cert/satellite_cert.pem \
    -k /root/satellite_cert/satellite_cert_key.pem

    If the command is successful, it returns the following satellite-installer command. You can use this command to deploy the renewed CA certificates to Satellite Server:

    # satellite-installer --scenario satellite \
    --certs-server-cert "/root/satellite_cert/satellite_cert.pem" \
    --certs-server-key "/root/satellite_cert/satellite_key.pem" \
    --certs-server-ca-cert "/root/satellite_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem" \
    --certs-update-server \
    --certs-update-server-ca
Important

Do not delete the certificate files after you deploy the certificate. They are required when upgrading Satellite Server.

Note

If a new consumer package katello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpm is generated due to a different Certificate Signing Authority, all the clients registered to Satellite Server must be updated.

Verification

  1. Access the Satellite web UI from your local machine. For example, https://satellite.example.com.
  2. In your browser, view the certificate details to verify the deployed certificate.

12.2. Renewing a Custom SSL certificate on Capsule Server

Use this procedure to update your custom SSL certificate for Capsule Server. The satellite-installer command, which the capsule-certs-generate command returns, is unique to each Capsule Server. You cannot use the same command on more than one Capsule Server.

Prerequisite

  • You must create a new Certificate Signing Request and send it to the Certificate Authority to sign the certificate. Refer to the Configuring Satellite Server with a Custom SSL Certificate guide before creating a new CSR because the Satellite Server certificate must have X.509 v3 Key Usage and Extended Key Usage extensions with required values. In return, you will receive the Capsule Server certificate and CA bundle.

Procedure

  1. On your Satellite Server, validate the custom SSL certificate input files:

    # katello-certs-check -t capsule \
    -b /root/capsule_cert/ca_cert_bundle.pem \
    -c /root/capsule_cert/capsule_cert.pem \
    -k /root/capsule_cert/capsule_cert_key.pem
  2. On your Satellite Server, generate the certificate archive file for your Capsule Server:

    capsule-certs-generate --foreman-proxy-fqdn "capsule.example.com" \
    --certs-tar  "/root/My_Certificates/capsule.example.com-certs.tar" \
    --server-cert "/root/My_Certificates/capsule_cert.pem" \
    --server-key "/root/My_Certificates/capsule_cert_key.pem" \
    --server-ca-cert "/root/My_Certificates/ca_cert_bundle.pem" \
    --certs-update-server
  3. On your Satellite Server, copy the certificate archive file to your Capsule Server:

    # scp /root/My_Certificates/capsule.example.com-certs.tar user@capsule.example.com:

    You can move the copied file to the applicable path if required.

  4. Retain a copy of the satellite-installer command that the capsule-certs-generate command returns for deploying the certificate to your Capsule Server.
  5. Deploy the certificate on your Capsule Server using the satellite-installer command returned by the capsule-certs-generate command:

    # satellite-installer --scenario capsule \
    --foreman-proxy-register-in-foreman "true" \
    --foreman-proxy-foreman-base-url "https://satellite.example.com" \
    --certs-tar-file "/root/My_Certificates/capsule.example.com-certs.tar" \
    --certs-update-server
Important

Do not delete the certificate archive file on the Capsule Server after you deploy the certificate. They are required when upgrading Capsule Server.

Note

If a new consumer package katello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpm is generated due to a different Certificate Signing Authority, all the clients registered to Capsule Server must be updated.

Chapter 13. Logging and Reporting Problems

This chapter provides information on how to log and report problems in Satellite, including information on relevant log files, how to enable debug logging, how to open a support case and attach the relevant log tar files, and how to access support cases within the Satellite web UI.

You can use the log files and other information described in this chapter to do your own troubleshooting, or you can capture these and many more files, as well as diagnostic and configuration information, to send to Red Hat Support if you need further assistance.

For more information about Satellite logging settings, use satellite-installer with the --full-help option:

# satellite-installer --full-help | grep logging

13.1. Enabling Debug Logging

Debug logging provides the most detailed log information and can help with troubleshooting issues that can arise with Satellite and its components. In the Satellite CLI, enable debug logging to log detailed debugging information for Satellite.

Procedure

  1. To enable debug logging, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-logging-level debug
  2. After you complete debugging, reset the logging level to the default value:

    # satellite-installer --reset-foreman-logging-level

13.2. Increasing the Logging Levels to Help with Debugging

By default, Satellite comes with :INFO level logging enabled. You can increase or decrease the log levels on your Satellite.

Enabling debug level logging on all components

# hammer admin logging --all --level-debug
# satellite-maintain service restart

Enabling debug level logging for a specific component

# hammer admin logging --components "Component" --level-debug

Reverting debug level logging to INFO

# hammer admin logging --all --level-production
# satellite-maintain service restart

Listing all components and changed configuration files

# hammer admin logging --list
-----------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------
COMPONENT  | AUTO-DETECTED BY EXISTENCE OF       | DESTINATIONS
-----------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------
dhcpd      | /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf                | syslog /var/log/dhcpd-debug.log
postgresql | /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf | syslog /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_log/
proxy      | /etc/foreman-proxy/settings.yml     | /var/log/foreman-proxy/proxy.log
qpidd      | /etc/qpid/qpidd.conf                | syslog
rails      | /etc/foreman/settings.yaml          | /var/log/foreman/production.log
tomcat     | /etc/candlepin/candlepin.conf       | /var/log/candlepin/ /var/log/tomcat/
virt-who   | /etc/sysconfig/virt-who             | syslog
-----------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------

13.2.1. Increasing the Logging Level For Hammer

You can find the log for Hammer in ~/.hammer/log/hammer.log. Edit /etc/hammer/cli_config.yml and set the :log_level::

:log_level: 'debug'

13.2.2. Increasing the Logging Level On Capsule

You can find the log for Capsule in /var/log/foreman-proxy/proxy.log. Uncomment the DEBUG line in /etc/foreman-proxy/settings.yml:

:log_level: DEBUG

Ensure to restart the foreman-proxy service afterwards:

# systemctl restart foreman-proxy
Caution

Running the installer will revert this change back.

13.2.3. Increasing the Logging Level For Candlepin

You can find the log for Candlepin in /var/log/candlepin/candlepin.log. Errors are also logged to a separate file for easier debugging /var/log/candlepin/error.log.

Extend /etc/candlepin/candlepin.conf:

log4j.logger.org.candlepin=DEBUG

Ensure to restart the tomcat service afterwards:

# systemctl restart tomcat

If the candlepin log files are too verbose, you can decrease the default debug level:

log4j.logger.org.candlepin.resource.ConsumerResource=WARN
log4j.logger.org.candlepin.resource.HypervisorResource=WARN

13.2.4. Increasing the Logging Level On Satellite

You can find the log for Satellite in /var/log/foreman/production.log.

Satellite stores logs for Apache in:

  • /var/log/httpd/foreman_error.log
  • /var/log/httpd/foreman_access.log
  • /var/log/httpd/foreman_ssl_error.log
  • /var/log/httpd/foreman_ssl_access.log

Procedure

  1. Set the logging level in /etc/foreman/settings.yaml:

    :logging:
      :production:
        :type: file
        :layout: pattern
        :level: debug
  2. Enable selected loggers in /etc/foreman/settings.yaml:

    :loggers:
      :ldap:
        :enabled: true
      :permissions:
        :enabled: true
      :sql:
        :enabled: true

    Note that to see logging from some area, debug logging has to be set.

  3. Restart Satellite services:

    # satellite-maintain service restart

You can find the complete list of loggers with their default values in /usr/share/foreman/config/application.rb in the Foreman::Logging.add_loggers command.

13.2.5. Increasing the Logging Level For Qpid Dispatch Router

Qpid logs to syslog and can be viewed in /var/log/messages or with journalctl. Enable debug logging in /etc/qpid-dispatch/qdrouterd.conf:

enable: debug+

Ensure to restart the Qpid Dispatch Router afterwards:

# systemctl restart qdrouterd
Caution

Running the installer will revert this change back.

13.2.6. Increasing the Logging Level For Qpid Broker

Qpid logs to syslog and can be viewed in /var/log/messages or with journalctl. Set the log level in /etc/qpid/qpidd.conf:

log-enable=debug+

Ensure to restart the Qpid Broker afterwards:

# systemctl restart qpidd
Caution

Running the installer will revert this change.

13.2.7. Increasing the Logging Level For Redis

You can find the log for Redis in /var/log/redis/redis.log. Set the log level in /etc/opt/rh/rh-redis5/redis.conf:

loglevel debug

Ensure to restart the Redis service afterwards:

# systemctl restart rh-redis5-redis

13.2.8. Increasing the Logging Level For Postgres

You can find the log for Postgres in /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/log/. Uncomment the log_statement in /var/opt/rh/rh-postgresql12/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf:

log_statement = 'all'

Ensure to restart Satellite services afterwards:

# satellite-maintain service restart
Caution

Based on the size of your Satellite installation, this can cause disk space to fill up very quickly. Only turn this on if absolutely needed.

For more debug log settings, refer to the Postgresql documentation.

13.2.9. Increasing the Logging Level For Satellite Installer

You can find the log files in /var/log/foreman-installer/. To increase the log level of the Satellite Installer during an install:

# satellite-installer --verbose-log-level debug

13.2.10. Increasing the Logging Level For Pulp

By default, Pulp logs to syslog and can be viewed in /var/log/messages or with journalctl. Add the following config to the /etc/pulp/settings.py file:

LOGGING = {"dynaconf_merge": True, "loggers": {'': {'handlers': ['console'], 'level': 'DEBUG'}}}

Ensure to restart the Pulp services afterwards:

# systemctl restart \
pulpcore-api \
pulpcore-content \
pulpcore-resource-manager \
pulpcore-worker@1 \
pulpcore-worker@2 \
rh-redis5-redis

13.2.11. Increasing the Logging Level For Puppet Agent

You can increase the logging level for Puppet agent on your Satellite Server.

Procedure

  1. Add the following line to the [agent] block in the /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf file:

    [agent]
        log_level = debug

You can find the logs in /var/log/puppetlabs/puppet/

13.2.12. Increasing the Logging Level For Puppet Server

You can increase the logging level for Puppet server on your Satellite Server.

Prerequisite

Procedure

  1. Add the following line to the [master] block in /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf file:

    [master]
        log_level = debug
  2. Restart the Puppet server:

    # satellite-maintain service restart --only puppetserver

You can find the logs in /var/log/puppetlabs/puppetserver/.

13.3. Retrieving the Status of Services

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > About.
  2. On the Smart Proxies tab, you can view the status of all Capsules.
  3. On the Compute Resources tab, you can view the status of attached compute resource providers.
  4. In the Backend System Status table, you can view the status of all back-end services.

CLI procedure

  • Run hammer ping to get information from the database and Satellite services:

    # hammer ping
  • Use satellite-maintain to check the status of the services running in systemd:

    # satellite-maintain service status
  • Use satellite-maintain to perform a health check:

    $ satellite-maintain health check

13.4. Restarting Services

Satellite uses a set of back-end services to perform tasks. You you experience an issue with your Satellite, check the status of Satellite services.

Procedure

  • Use satellite-maintain to restart Satellite services:

    # satellite-maintain service restart
Tip

Run foreman-maintain --help for more information.

13.5. Enabling Individual Loggers

You can enable individual loggers for selective logging. Satellite uses the following loggers:

app
Logs web requests and all general application messages. Default value: true.
audit
Logs additional fact statistics, numbers of added, updated, and removed facts. Default value: true.
background
Logs information from the background processing component.
blob

Logs contents of rendered templates for auditing purposes.

Important

The blob logger might contain sensitive data.

dynflow
Logs information from the Dynflow process.
ldap
Logs high level LDAP queries and LDAP operations. Default value: false.
notifications
Logs information from the notifications component.
permissions
Logs queries to user roles, filters, and permissions when loading pages. Default value: false.
sql
Logs SQL queries made through Rails ActiveRecord. Default value: false.
telemetry
Logs debugging information from telemetry.
templates
Logs information from the template renderer component.

Procedure

  1. Enable the individual loggers that you want. For example, to enable sql and ldap loggers, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer \
    --foreman-loggers ldap:true \
    --foreman-loggers sql:true
  2. Optional: To reset loggers to their default values, enter the following command:

    # satellite-installer --reset-foreman-loggers

13.6. Configuring Logging to Journal or File-based Logging

Satellite uses file-based logging by default. You can use the satellite-installer command to reconfigure logging.

Procedure for configuring logging with Journal

  1. Enter the following satellite-installer command to configure logging to the journald service:

    # satellite-installer \
    --foreman-logging-layout pattern \
    --foreman-logging-type journald \
    --foreman-proxy-log JOURNAL
  2. Optional: To inspect the log messages, use the journalctl utility. For example:

    • journalctl --unit foreman and journalctl --unit foreman-proxy show messages for the foreman and foreman-proxy units
    • journalctl REQUEST=request_ID shows messages for a specified request

Procedure for configuring file-based logging

  1. Enter the following satellite-installer command to configure file-based logging:

    # satellite-installer \
    --reset-foreman-logging-layout \
    --reset-foreman-logging-type \
    --reset-foreman-proxy-log
  2. Optional: To inspect the log messages, view these files:

    • /var/log/foreman/production.log
    • /var/log/foreman-proxy.log

Additional resources

For more information about Journal, see Viewing logs using the command line in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Configuring Basic System Settings Guide.

13.7. Log File Directories Provided by Satellite

Red Hat Satellite provides system information in the form of notifications and log files.

Table 13.1. Log File Directories for Reporting and Troubleshooting

Log File DirectoriesDescription of Log File Content

/var/log/candlepin

Subscription management

/var/log/foreman-installer

Installer

/var/log/foreman-maintain

Foreman maintain

/var/log/foreman-proxy

Foreman proxy

/var/log/foreman

Foreman

/var/log/httpd

Apache HTTP server

/var/log/messages

Various other log messages

/var/log/puppetlabs/puppet

Configuration management

/var/log/rhsm

Subscription management

/var/log/tomcat

Candlepin webservice logs

You can also use the foreman-tail command to follow many of the log files related to Satellite. You can run foreman-tail -l to list the processes and services that it follows.

13.8. Utilities for Collecting Log Information

You can collect information from log files to troubleshoot Satellite.

sosreport
The sosreport command collects configuration and diagnostic information from a Linux system, such as the running Kernel version, loaded modules, running services, and system and service configuration files. This output is stored in a tar file located at /var/tmp/sosreport-XXX-20171002230919.tar.xz. For more information, run sosreport --help or see What is a sosreport and how can I create one?.
Important

The collection process removes security information such as passwords, tokens, and keys while collecting information. However, the tar files can still contain sensitive information about the Satellite Server. Red Hat recommends that you send this information directly to the intended recipient and not to a public target.

13.9. System Journal Metadata

The following table lists metadata that the journald service uses in Satellite. You can use this metadata to filter your queries.

Table 13.2. System Journal Metadata

NameDescription

AUDIT_ACTION

Audit action performed

Example: Create, update, or delete

AUDIT_TYPE

Audit resource type

Example: Host, Subnet, or ContentView

AUDIT_ID

Audit resource database ID as a number

AUDIT_ATTRIBUTE

Audit resource field or an updated database column

AUDIT_FIELD_OLD

Old audit value of an update action

AUDIT_FIELD_NEW

New audit value of an update action

AUDIT_ID

Record database ID of the audit subject

AUDIT_ATTRIBUTE

Attribute name or column on which an action was performed

Example: Name or description

EXCEPTION_MESSAGE

Exception message when error is logged

EXCEPTION_CLASS

Exception Ruby class when error is logged

EXCEPTION_BACKTRACE

Exception backtrace as a multiline string when error is logged

LOC_ID

Location database ID

LOC_NAME

Location name

LOC_LABEL

Location label

LOGGER

Logger name

To see the current list of loggers enabled by default, enter this command:

# awk '/add_loggers/,/^$/' /usr/share/foreman/config/application.rb

ORG_ID

Organization database ID

ORG_NAME

Organization name

ORG_LABEL

Organization label

REMOTE_IP

Remote IP address of a client

REQUEST

Request ID generated by the Action Dispatch module

SESSION

Random ID generated per session or a request for a sessionless request

TEMPLATE_NAME

Template name

TEMPLATE_DIGEST

Digest (SHA256) of rendered template contents

TEMPLATE_HOST_NAME

Host name for a rendered template if present

TEMPLATE_HOST_ID

Host database ID for a rendered template if present

USER_LOGIN

User login name

Chapter 14. Configuring External Authentication

By using external authentication you can derive user and user group permissions from user group membership in an external identity provider. When you use external authentication, you do not have to create these users and maintain their group membership manually on Satellite Server. In case the external source does not provide email, it will be requested during the first login through Satellite web UI.

Important User and Group Account Information

All user and group accounts must be local accounts. This is to ensure that there are no authentication conflicts between local accounts on your Satellite Server and accounts in your Active Directory domain.

Your system is not affected by this conflict if your user and group accounts exist in both /etc/passwd and /etc/group files. For example, to check if entries for puppet, apache, foreman and foreman-proxy groups exist in both /etc/passwd and /etc/group files, enter the following commands:

# cat /etc/passwd | grep 'puppet\|apache\|foreman\|foreman-proxy'
# cat /etc/group | grep 'puppet\|apache\|foreman\|foreman-proxy'

Scenarios for Configuring External Authentication

Red Hat Satellite supports the following general scenarios for configuring external authentication:

  • Using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server as an external identity provider. LDAP is a set of open protocols used to access centrally stored information over a network. With Satellite, you can manage LDAP entirely through the Satellite web UI. For more information, see Section 14.1, “Using LDAP”. Though you can use LDAP to connect to a Red Hat Identity Management or AD server, the setup does not support server discovery, cross-forest trusts, or single sign-on with Kerberos in Satellite’s web UI.
  • Using a Red Hat Identity Management server as an external identity provider. Red Hat Identity Management deals with the management of individual identities, their credentials and privileges used in a networking environment. Configuration using Red Hat Identity Management cannot be completed using only the Satellite web UI and requires some interaction with the CLI. For more information see Section 14.2, “Using Red Hat Identity Management”.
  • Using Active Directory (AD) integrated with Red Hat Identity Management through cross-forest Kerberos trust as an external identity provider. For more information see Section 14.3.5, “Active Directory with Cross-Forest Trust”.
  • Using Red Hat Single Sign-On as an OpenID provider for external authentication to Satellite. For more information, see Section 14.8, “Configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication”.
  • Using Red Hat Single Sign-On as an OpenID provider for external authentication to Satellite with TOTP. For more information, see Section 14.9, “Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication with TOTP”.

As well as providing access to Satellite Server, hosts provisioned with Satellite can also be integrated with Red Hat Identity Management realms. Red Hat Satellite has a realm feature that automatically manages the life cycle of any system registered to a realm or domain provider. For more information, see Section 14.7, “External Authentication for Provisioned Hosts”.

Table 14.1. Authentication Overview

TypeAuthenticationUser Groups

Red Hat Identity Management

Kerberos or LDAP

Yes

Active Directory

Kerberos or LDAP

Yes

POSIX

LDAP

Yes

14.1. Using LDAP

Satellite supports LDAP authentication using one or multiple LDAP directories.

If you require Red Hat Satellite to use TLS to establish a secure LDAP connection (LDAPS), first obtain certificates used by the LDAP server you are connecting to and mark them as trusted on the base operating system of your Satellite Server as described below. If your LDAP server uses a certificate chain with intermediate certificate authorities, all of the root and intermediate certificates in the chain must be trusted, so ensure all certificates are obtained. If you do not require secure LDAP at this time, proceed to Section 14.1.2, “Configuring Red Hat Satellite to use LDAP”.

Using SSSD Configuration

Though direct LDAP integration is covered in this section, Red Hat recommends that you use SSSD and configure it against Red Hat Identity Management, AD, or an LDAP server. SSSD improves the consistency of the authentication process. For more information about the preferred configurations, see Section 14.3, “Using Active Directory”. You can also cache the SSSD credentials and use them for LDAP authentication. For more information on SSSD, see Configuring SSSD in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System-Level Authentication Guide.

Important

Users cannot use both Red Hat Identity Management and LDAP as an authentication method. Once a user authenticates using one method, they cannot use the other method.

To change the authentication method for a user, you have to remove the automatically created user from Satellite.

For more information on using Red Hat Identity Management as an authentication method, see Section 14.2, “Using Red Hat Identity Management”.

14.1.1. Configuring TLS for Secure LDAP

Use the Satellite CLI to configure TLS for secure LDAP (LDAPS).

Procedure

  1. Obtain the Certificate from the LDAP Server.

    1. If you use Active Directory Certificate Services, export the Enterprise PKI CA Certificate using the Base-64 encoded X.509 format. See How to configure Active Directory authentication with TLS on Satellite for information on creating and exporting a CA certificate from an Active Directory server.
    2. Download the LDAP server certificate to a temporary location onto Satellite Server and remove it when finished.

      For example, /tmp/example.crt. The filename extensions .cer and .crt are only conventions and can refer to DER binary or PEM ASCII format certificates.

  2. Trust the Certificate from the LDAP Server.

    Satellite Server requires the CA certificates for LDAP authentication to be individual files in /etc/pki/tls/certs/ directory.

    1. Use the install command to install the imported certificate into the /etc/pki/tls/certs/ directory with the correct permissions:

      # install /tmp/example.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/
    2. Enter the following command as root to trust the example.crt certificate obtained from the LDAP server:

      # ln -s example.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/$(openssl \
      x509 -noout -hash -in \
      /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.crt).0
    3. Restart the httpd service:

      # systemctl restart httpd

14.1.2. Configuring Red Hat Satellite to use LDAP

In the Satellite web UI, configure Satellite to use LDAP.

Note that if you need single sign-on functionality with Kerberos on Satellite web UI, you should use Red Hat Identity Management and AD external authentication instead. For more information, see:

Procedure

  1. Set the Network Information System (NIS) service boolean to true to prevent SELinux from stopping outgoing LDAP connections:

    # setsebool -P nis_enabled on
  2. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Authentication Sources.
  3. Click Create LDAP Authentication Source.
  4. On the LDAP server tab, enter the LDAP server’s name, host name, port, and server type. The default port is 389, the default server type is POSIX (alternatively you can select FreeIPA or Active Directory depending on the type of authentication server). For TLS encrypted connections, select the LDAPS checkbox to enable encryption. The port should change to 636, which is the default for LDAPS.
  5. On the Account tab, enter the account information and domain name details. See Section 14.1.3, “Description of LDAP Settings” for descriptions and examples.
  6. On the Attribute mappings tab, map LDAP attributes to Satellite attributes. You can map login name, first name, last name, email address, and photo attributes. See Section 14.1.4, “Example Settings for LDAP Connections” for examples.
  7. On the Locations tab, select locations from the left table. Selected locations are assigned to users created from the LDAP authentication source, and available after their first login.
  8. On the Organizations tab, select organizations from the left table. Selected organizations are assigned to users created from the LDAP authentication source, and available after their first login.
  9. Click Submit.
  10. Configure new accounts for LDAP users:

    • If you did not select Automatically Create Accounts In Satellite checkbox, see Section 5.1.1, “Creating a User” to create user accounts manually.
    • If you selected the Automatically Create Accounts In Satellite checkbox, LDAP users can now log in to Satellite using their LDAP accounts and passwords. After they log in for the first time, the Satellite administrator has to assign roles to them manually. See Section 5.1.2, “Assigning Roles to a User” to assign user accounts appropriate roles in Satellite.

14.1.3. Description of LDAP Settings

The following table provides a description for each setting in the Account tab.

Table 14.2. Account Tab Settings

SettingDescription

Account

The user name of the LDAP account that has read access to the LDAP server. User name is not required if the server allows anonymous reading, otherwise use the full path to the user’s object. For example:

uid=$login,cn=users,cn=accounts,dc=example,dc=com

The $login variable stores the username entered on the login page as a literal string. The value is accessed when the variable is expanded.

The variable cannot be used with external user groups from an LDAP source because Satellite needs to retrieve the group list without the user logging in. Use either an anonymous, or dedicated service user.

Account password

The LDAP password for the user defined in the Account username field. This field can remain blank if the Account username is using the $login variable.

Base DN

The top level domain name of the LDAP directory.

Groups base DN

The top level domain name of the LDAP directory tree that contains groups.

LDAP filter

A filter to restrict LDAP queries.

Automatically Create Accounts In Satellite

If this checkbox is selected, Satellite creates user accounts for LDAP users when they log in to Satellite for the first time. After they log in for the first time, the Satellite administrator has to assign roles to them manually. See Section 5.1.2, “Assigning Roles to a User” to assign user accounts appropriate roles in Satellite.

Usergroup Sync

If this option is selected, the user group membership of a user is automatically synchronized when the user logs in, which ensures the membership is always up to date. If this option is cleared, Satellite relies on a cron job to regularly synchronize group membership (every 30 minutes by default). For more information, see Section 14.4, “Configuring External User Groups”.

14.1.4. Example Settings for LDAP Connections

The following table shows example settings for different types of LDAP connections. The example below uses a dedicated service account called redhat that has bind, read, and search permissions on the user and group entries. Note that LDAP attribute names are case sensitive.

Table 14.3. Example Settings for Active Directory, Free IPA or Red Hat Identity Management and POSIX LDAP Connections

SettingActive DirectoryFreeIPA or Red Hat Identity ManagementPOSIX (OpenLDAP)

Account

DOMAIN\redhat

uid=redhat,cn=users, cn=accounts,dc=example, dc=com

uid=redhat,ou=users, dc=example,dc=com

Account password

P@ssword

-

-

Base DN

DC=example,DC=COM

dc=example,dc=com

dc=example,dc=com

Groups Base DN

CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com

cn=groups,cn=accounts, dc=example,dc=com

cn=employee,ou=userclass, dc=example,dc=com

Login name attribute

userPrincipalName

uid

uid

First name attribute

givenName

givenName

givenName

Last name attribute

sn

sn

sn

Email address attribute

mail

mail

mail

Photo attribute

thumbnailPhoto

-

-

Note

userPrincipalName allows the use of whitespace in usernames. The login name attribute sAMAccountName (which is not listed in the table above) provides backwards compatibility with legacy Microsoft systems. sAMAccountName does not allow the use of whitespace in usernames.

14.1.5. Example LDAP Filters

As an administrator, you can create LDAP filters to restrict the access of specific users to Satellite.

Table 14.4. Example filters for allowing specific users to login

UserFilter

User1

(distinguishedName=cn=User1,cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example)

User1, User3

(memberOf=cn=Group1,cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example)

User2, User3

(memberOf=cn=Group2,cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example)

User1, User2, User3

(|(memberOf=cn=Group1,cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example)(memberOf=cn=Group2,cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example))

User1, User2, User3

(memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:=cn=Users,dc=domain,dc=example)

Note

Group Users is a nested group that contains groups Group1 and Group2. If you want to filter all users from a nested group, you must add memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:= before the nested group name. See the last example in the table above.

LDAP directory structure

The LDAP directory structure that the filters in the example use:

DC=Domain,DC=Example
   |
   |----- CN=Users
         |
         |----- CN=Group1
         |----- CN=Group2
         |----- CN=User1
         |----- CN=User2
         |----- CN=User3

LDAP group membership

The group membership that the filters in the example use:

GroupMembers

Group1

User1, User3

Group2

User2, User3

14.2. Using Red Hat Identity Management

This section shows how to integrate Satellite Server with a Red Hat Identity Management server and how to enable host-based access control.

Note

You can attach Red Hat Identity Management as an external authentication source with no single sign-on support. For more information, see Section 14.1, “Using LDAP”.

Important

Users cannot use both Red Hat Identity Management and LDAP as an authentication method. Once a user authenticates using one method, they cannot use the other method.

To change the authentication method for a user, you have to remove the automatically created user from Satellite.

Prerequisite

  • The base operating system of Satellite Server must be enrolled in the Red Hat Identity Management domain by the Red Hat Identity Management administrator of your organization.

The examples in this chapter assume separation between Red Hat Identity Management and Satellite configuration. However, if you have administrator privileges for both servers, you can configure Red Hat Identity Management as described in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy Guide.

14.2.1. Configuring Red Hat Identity Management Authentication on Satellite Server

In the Satellite CLI, configure Red Hat Identity Management authentication by first creating a host entry on the Red Hat Identity Management server.

Procedure

  1. On the Red Hat Identity Management server, to authenticate, enter the following command and enter your password when prompted:

    # kinit admin
  2. To verify that you have authenticated, enter the following command:

    # klist
  3. On the Red Hat Identity Management server, create a host entry for Satellite Server and generate a one-time password, for example:

    # ipa host-add --random hostname
    Note

    The generated one-time password must be used on the client to complete Red Hat Identity Management-enrollment.

    For more information on host configuration properties, see About Host Entry Configuration Properties in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy guide.

  4. Create an HTTP service for Satellite Server, for example:

    # ipa service-add HTTP/hostname

    For more information on managing services, see Managing Services in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy guide.

  5. On Satellite Server, install the IPA client:

    Warning

    This command might restart Satellite services during the installation of the package. For more information about installing and updating packages on Satellite, see Section 11.8, “Managing Packages on the Base Operating System of Satellite Server or Capsule Server”.

    # satellite-maintain packages install ipa-client
  6. On Satellite Server, enter the following command as root to configure Red Hat Identity Management-enrollment:

    # ipa-client-install --password OTP

    Replace OTP with the one-time password provided by the Red Hat Identity Management administrator.

  7. If Satellite Server is running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, execute the following command:

    # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms

    The installer is dependent on packages which, on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, are in the optional repository rhel-7-server-optional-rpms.

  8. Set foreman-ipa-authentication to true, using the following command:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-ipa-authentication=true
  9. Restart Satellite services:

    # satellite-maintain service restart

External users can now log in to Satellite using their Red Hat Identity Management credentials. They can now choose to either log in to Satellite Server directly using their username and password or take advantage of the configured Kerberos single sign-on and obtain a ticket on their client machine and be logged in automatically. The two-factor authentication with one-time password (2FA OTP) is also supported. If the user in Red Hat Identity Management is configured for 2FA, and Satellite Server is running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, this user can also authenticate to Satellite with an OTP.

14.2.2. Configuring Host-Based Authentication Control

HBAC rules define which machine within the domain a Red Hat Identity Management user is allowed to access. You can configure HBAC on the Red Hat Identity Management server to prevent selected users from accessing Satellite Server. With this approach, you can prevent Satellite from creating database entries for users that are not allowed to log in. For more information on HBAC, see Configuring Host-Based Access Control in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy guide.

On the Red Hat Identity Management server, configure Host-Based Authentication Control (HBAC).

Procedure

  1. On the Red Hat Identity Management server, to authenticate, enter the following command and enter your password when prompted:

    # kinit admin
  2. To verify that you have authenticated, enter the following command:

    # klist
  3. Create HBAC service and rule on the Red Hat Identity Management server and link them together. The following examples use the PAM service name satellite-prod. Execute the following commands on the Red Hat Identity Management server:

    # ipa hbacsvc-add satellite-prod
    # ipa hbacrule-add allow_satellite_prod
    # ipa hbacrule-add-service allow_satellite_prod --hbacsvcs=satellite-prod
  4. Add the user who is to have access to the service satellite-prod, and the hostname of Satellite Server:

    # ipa hbacrule-add-user allow_satellite_prod --user=username
    # ipa hbacrule-add-host allow_satellite_prod --hosts=satellite.example.com

    Alternatively, host groups and user groups can be added to the allow_satellite_prod rule.

  5. To check the status of the rule, execute:

    # ipa hbacrule-find satellite-prod
    # ipa hbactest --user=username --host=satellite.example.com --service=satellite-prod
  6. Ensure the allow_all rule is disabled on the Red Hat Identity Management server. For instructions on how to do so without disrupting other services see the How to configure HBAC rules in IdM article on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
  7. Configure the Red Hat Identity Management integration with Satellite Server as described in Section 14.2.1, “Configuring Red Hat Identity Management Authentication on Satellite Server”. On Satellite Server, define the PAM service as root:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-pam-service=satellite-prod

14.3. Using Active Directory

This section shows how to use direct Active Directory (AD) as an external authentication source for Satellite Server.

Note

You can attach Active Directory as an external authentication source with no single sign-on support. For more information, see Section 14.1, “Using LDAP”. For an example configuration, see How to configure Active Directory authentication with TLS on Satellite.

Direct AD integration means that Satellite Server is joined directly to the AD domain where the identity is stored. The recommended setup consists of two steps:

14.3.1. GSS-Proxy

The traditional process of Kerberos authentication in Apache requires the Apache process to have read access to the keytab file. GSS-Proxy allows you to implement stricter privilege separation for the Apache server by removing access to the keytab file while preserving Kerberos authentication functionality. When using AD as an external authentication source for Satellite, it is recommended to implement GSS-proxy, because the keys in the keytab file are the same as the host keys.

Perform the following procedures on Red Hat Enterprise Linux that acts as a base operating system for your Satellite Server. For the examples in this section EXAMPLE.ORG is the Kerberos realm for the AD domain. By completing the procedures, users that belong to the EXAMPLE.ORG realm can log in to Satellite Server.

14.3.2. Enrolling Satellite Server with the AD Server

In the Satellite CLI, enroll Satellite Server with the Active Directory server.

Prerequisite

  • GSS-proxy and nfs-utils are installed.

    Installing GSS-proxy and nfs-utils:

    # satellite-maintain packages install gssproxy nfs-utils

Procedure

  1. Install the required packages:

    # satellite-maintain packages install sssd adcli realmd ipa-python-compat krb5-workstation samba-common-tools
  2. Enroll Satellite Server with the AD server. You may need to have administrator permissions to perform the following command:

    # realm join -v EXAMPLE.ORG --membership-software=samba -U Administrator

14.3.3. Configuring Direct AD Integration with GSS-Proxy

In the Satellite CLI, configure the direct Active Directory integration with GSS-proxy.

Prerequisite

Procedure

  1. Create the /etc/ipa/ directory and the default.conf file:

    # mkdir /etc/ipa
    # touch /etc/ipa/default.conf
  2. To the default.conf file, add the following content:

    [global]
    server = unused
    realm = EXAMPLE.ORG
  3. Create the /etc/net-keytab.conf file with the following content:

    [global]
    workgroup = EXAMPLE
    realm = EXAMPLE.ORG
    kerberos method = system keytab
    security = ads
  4. Determine the effective user ID of the Apache user:

    # id apache

    Apache user must not have access to the keytab file.

  5. Create the /etc/gssproxy/00-http.conf file with the following content:

    [service/HTTP]
    mechs = krb5
    cred_store = keytab:/etc/httpd/conf/http.keytab
    cred_store = ccache:/var/lib/gssproxy/clients/krb5cc_%U
    euid = ID_of_Apache_User
  6. Create a keytab entry:

    # KRB5_KTNAME=FILE:/etc/httpd/conf/http.keytab net ads keytab add HTTP -U administrator -d3 -s /etc/net-keytab.conf
    # chown root.apache /etc/httpd/conf/http.keytab
    # chmod 640 /etc/httpd/conf/http.keytab
  7. Enable IPA authentication in Satellite:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-ipa-authentication=true
  8. Start and enable the gssproxy service:

    # systemctl restart gssproxy.service
    # systemctl enable gssproxy.service
  9. To configure the Apache server to use the gssproxy service, create a systemd drop-in file and add the following content to it:

    # mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d/
    # vi /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d/gssproxy.conf
    [Service]
    Environment=GSS_USE_PROXY=1
  10. Apply changes to the service:

    # systemctl daemon-reload
  11. Start and enable the httpd service:

    # systemctl restart httpd.service
Important

With direct AD integration, HBAC through Red Hat Identity Management is not available. As an alternative, you can use Group Policy Objects (GPO) that enable administrators to centrally manage policies in AD environments. To ensure correct GPO to PAM service mapping, add the following SSSD configuration to /etc/sssd/sssd.conf:

access_provider = ad
ad_gpo_access_control = enforcing
ad_gpo_map_service = +foreman

Here, foreman is the PAM service name. For more information on GPOs, see How SSSD interprets GPO access control rules in Integrating RHEL systems directly with Windows Active Directory.

Verification

Verify that SSO is working as expected.

With a running Apache server, users making HTTP requests against the server are authenticated if the client has a valid Kerberos ticket.

  1. Retrieve the Kerberos ticket of the LDAP user, using the following command:

    # kinit ldapuser
  2. View the Kerberos ticket, using the following command:

    # klist
  3. View output from successful SSO-based authentication, using the following command:

    # curl -k -u : --negotiate https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin

    This returns the following response:

    <html><body>You are being <a href="https://satellite.example.com/users/4-ldapuserexample-com/edit">redirected</a>.</body></html>

14.3.4. Kerberos Configuration in Web Browsers

For information on configuring the Firefox browser see Configuring Firefox to Use Kerberos for Single Sign-On in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux System-Level Authentication guide.

If you use the Internet Explorer browser, add Satellite Server to the list of Local Intranet or Trusted sites, and turn on the Enable Integrated Windows Authentication setting. See the Internet Explorer documentation for details.

14.3.5. Active Directory with Cross-Forest Trust

Kerberos can create cross-forest trust that defines a relationship between two otherwise separate domain forests. A domain forest is a hierarchical structure of domains; both AD and Red Hat Identity Management constitute a forest. With a trust relationship enabled between AD and Red Hat Identity Management, users of AD can access Linux hosts and services using a single set of credentials. For more information on cross-forest trusts, see Creating Cross-forest Trusts with Active Directory and Identity Management in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Windows Integration guide.

From the Satellite point of view, the configuration process is the same as integration with Red Hat Identity Management server without cross-forest trust configured. Satellite Server has to be enrolled in the IdM domain and integrated as described in Section 14.2, “Using Red Hat Identity Management”.

14.3.6. Configuring the Red Hat Identity Management Server to Use Cross-Forest Trust

On the Red Hat Identity Management server, configure the server to use cross-forest trust.

Procedure

  1. Enable HBAC:

    1. Create an external group and add the AD group to it.
    2. Add the new external group to a POSIX group.
    3. Use the POSIX group in a HBAC rule.
  2. Configure sssd to transfer additional attributes of AD users.

    • Add the AD user attributes to the nss and domain sections in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf. For example:

      [nss]
      user_attributes=+mail, +sn, +givenname
      [domain/EXAMPLE.com]
      ...
      krb5_store_password_if_offline = True
      ldap_user_extra_attrs=email:mail, lastname:sn, firstname:givenname
      
      [ifp]
      allowed_uids = ipaapi, root
      user_attributes=+email, +firstname, +lastname
    • Verify the AD attributes value.

      # dbus-send --print-reply --system --dest=org.freedesktop.sssd.infopipe /org/freedesktop/sssd/infopipe org.freedesktop.sssd.infopipe.GetUserAttr string:ad-user@ad-domain array:string:email,firstname,lastname

14.4. Configuring External User Groups

Satellite does not associate external users with their user group automatically. You must create a user group with the same name as in the external source on Satellite. Members of the external user group then automatically become members of the Satellite user group and receive the associated permissions.

The configuration of external user groups depends on the type of external authentication.

To assign additional permissions to an external user, add this user to an internal user group that has no external mapping specified. Then assign the required roles to this group.

Prerequisites

  • If you use an LDAP server, configure Satellite to use LDAP authentication. For more information see Section 14.1, “Using LDAP”.

    When using external user groups from an LDAP source, you cannot use the $login variable as a substitute for the account user name. You must use either an anonymous or dedicated service user.

  • If you use a Red Hat Identity Management or AD server, configure Satellite to use Red Hat Identity Management or AD authentication. For more information, see Chapter 14, Configuring External Authentication.
  • Ensure that at least one external user authenticates for the first time.
  • Retain a copy of the external group names you want to use. To find the group membership of external users, enter the following command:

    # id username

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > User Groups, and click Create User Group.
  2. Specify the name of the new user group. Do not select any users to avoid adding users automatically when you refresh the external user group.
  3. Click the Roles tab and select the roles you want to assign to the user group. Alternatively, select the Administrator checkbox to assign all available permissions.
  4. Click the External groups tab, then click Add external user group, and select an authentication source from the Auth source drop-down menu.

    Specify the exact name of the external group in the Name field.

  5. Click Submit.

14.5. Refreshing External User Groups for LDAP

To set the LDAP source to synchronize user group membership automatically on user login, in the Auth Source page, select the Usergroup Sync option. If this option is not selected, LDAP user groups are refreshed automatically through a scheduled cron job synchronizing the LDAP Authentication source every 30 minutes by default.

If the user groups in the LDAP Authentication source change in the lapse of time between scheduled tasks, the user can be assigned to incorrect external user groups. This is corrected automatically when the scheduled task runs.

Use this procedure to refresh the LDAP source manually.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Usergroups and select a user group.
  2. On the External Groups tab, click Refresh to the right of the required user group.

CLI procedure

  • Enter the following command:

    # foreman-rake ldap:refresh_usergroups

14.6. Refreshing External User Groups for Red Hat Identity Management or AD

External user groups based on Red Hat Identity Management or AD are refreshed only when a group member logs in to Satellite. It is not possible to alter user membership of external user groups in the Satellite web UI, such changes are overwritten on the next group refresh.

14.7. External Authentication for Provisioned Hosts

Use this section to configure Satellite Server or Capsule Server for Red Hat Identity Management realm support, then add hosts to the Red Hat Identity Management realm group.

Prerequisites

  • Satellite Server that is registered to the Content Delivery Network or an external Capsule Server that is registered to Satellite Server.
  • A deployed realm or domain provider such as Red Hat Identity Management.

To install and configure Red Hat Identity Management packages on Satellite Server or Capsule Server:

To use Red Hat Identity Management for provisioned hosts, complete the following steps to install and configure Red Hat Identity Management packages on Satellite Server or Capsule Server:

  1. Install the ipa-client package on Satellite Server or Capsule Server:

    # satellite-maintain packages install ipa-client
  2. Configure the server as a Red Hat Identity Management client:

    # ipa-client-install
  3. Create a realm proxy user, realm-capsule, and the relevant roles in Red Hat Identity Management:

    # foreman-prepare-realm admin realm-capsule

    Note the principal name that returns and your Red Hat Identity Management server configuration details because you require them for the following procedure.

To configure Satellite Server or Capsule Server for Red Hat Identity Management Realm Support:

Complete the following procedure on Satellite and every Capsule that you want to use:

  1. Copy the /root/freeipa.keytab file to any Capsule Server that you want to include in the same principal and realm:

    # scp /root/freeipa.keytab root@capsule.example.com:/etc/foreman-proxy/freeipa.keytab
  2. Move the /root/freeipa.keytab file to the /etc/foreman-proxy directory and set the ownership settings to the foreman-proxy user:

    # mv /root/freeipa.keytab /etc/foreman-proxy
    # chown foreman-proxy:foreman-proxy /etc/foreman-proxy/freeipa.keytab
  3. Enter the following command on all Capsules that you want to include in the realm. If you use the integrated Capsule on Satellite, enter this command on Satellite Server:

    # satellite-installer --foreman-proxy-realm true \
    --foreman-proxy-realm-keytab /etc/foreman-proxy/freeipa.keytab \
    --foreman-proxy-realm-principal realm-capsule@EXAMPLE.COM \
    --foreman-proxy-realm-provider freeipa

    You can also use these options when you first configure the Satellite Server.

  4. Ensure that the most updated versions of the ca-certificates package is installed and trust the Red Hat Identity Management Certificate Authority:

    # cp /etc/ipa/ca.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ipa.crt
    # update-ca-trust enable
    # update-ca-trust
  5. Optional: If you configure Red Hat Identity Management on an existing Satellite Server or Capsule Server, complete the following steps to ensure that the configuration changes take effect:

    1. Restart the foreman-proxy service:

      # systemctl restart foreman-proxy
    2. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules.
    3. Locate the Capsule you have configured for Red Hat Identity Management and from the list in the Actions column, select Refresh.

To create a realm for the Red Hat Identity Management-enabled Capsule

After you configure your integrated or external Capsule with Red Hat Identity Management, you must create a realm and add the Red Hat Identity Management-configured Capsule to the realm.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Realms and click Create Realm.
  2. In the Name field, enter a name for the realm.
  3. From the Realm Type list, select the type of realm.
  4. From the Realm Capsule list, select Capsule Server where you have configured Red Hat Identity Management.
  5. Click the Locations tab and from the Locations list, select the location where you want to add the new realm.
  6. Click the Organizations tab and from the Organizations list, select the organization where you want to add the new realm.
  7. Click Submit.

Updating Host Groups with Realm Information

You must update any host groups that you want to use with the new realm information.

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Configure > Host Groups, select the host group that you want to update, and click the Network tab.
  2. From the Realm list, select the realm you create as part of this procedure, and then click Submit.

Adding Hosts to a Red Hat Identity Management Host Group

Red Hat Identity Management supports the ability to set up automatic membership rules based on a system’s attributes. Red Hat Satellite’s realm feature provides administrators with the ability to map the Red Hat Satellite host groups to the Red Hat Identity Management parameter userclass which allow administrators to configure automembership.

When nested host groups are used, they are sent to the Red Hat Identity Management server as they are displayed in the Red Hat Satellite User Interface. For example, "Parent/Child/Child".

Satellite Server or Capsule Server sends updates to the Red Hat Identity Management server, however automembership rules are only applied at initial registration.

To Add Hosts to a Red Hat Identity Management Host Group:

  1. On the Red Hat Identity Management server, create a host group:

    # ipa hostgroup-add hostgroup_name --desc=hostgroup_description
  2. Create an automembership rule:

    # ipa automember-add --type=hostgroup hostgroup_name automember_rule

    Where you can use the following options:

    • automember-add flags the group as an automember group.
    • --type=hostgroup identifies that the target group is a host group, not a user group.
    • automember_rule adds the name you want to identify the automember rule by.
  3. Define an automembership condition based on the userclass attribute:

    # ipa automember-add-condition --key=userclass --type=hostgroup --inclusive-regex=^webserver hostgroup_name
    ----------------------------------
    Added condition(s) to "hostgroup_name"
    ----------------------------------
    Automember Rule: automember_rule
    Inclusive Regex: userclass=^webserver
    ----------------------------
    Number of conditions added 1
    ----------------------------

    Where you can use the following options:

    • automember-add-condition adds regular expression conditions to identify group members.
    • --key=userclass specifies the key attribute as userclass.
    • --type=hostgroup identifies that the target group is a host group, not a user group.
    • --inclusive-regex= ^webserver identifies matching values with a regular expression pattern.
    • hostgroup_name – identifies the target host group’s name.

When a system is added to Satellite Server’s hostgroup_name host group, it is added automatically to the Red Hat Identity Management server’s "hostgroup_name" host group. Red Hat Identity Management host groups allow for Host-Based Access Controls (HBAC), sudo policies and other Red Hat Identity Management functions.

14.8. Configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Use this section to configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an OpenID provider for external authentication.

14.8.1. Prerequisites for Configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Before configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On external authentication, ensure that you meet the following requirements:

  • A working installation of Red Hat Single Sign-On server that uses HTTPS instead of HTTP.
  • A Red Hat Single Sign-On account with admin privileges.
  • A realm for Satellite user accounts created in Red Hat Single Sign-On.
  • If the certificates or the CA are self-signed, ensure that they are added to the end-user certificate trust store.
  • Users imported or added to Red Hat Single Sign-On.

    If you have an existing user database configured such as LDAP or Kerberos, you can import users from it by configuring user federation. For more information, see User Storage Federation in the Red Hat Single Sign-On Server Administration Guide.

    If you do not have an existing user database configured, you can manually create users in Red Hat Single Sign-On. For more information, see Creating New Users in the Red Hat Single Sign-On Server Administration Guide.

14.8.2. Registering Satellite as a Red Hat Single Sign-On Client

Use this procedure to register Satellite to Red Hat Single Sign-On as a client and configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an authentication source.

You can configure Satellite and Red Hat Single Sign-On with two different authentication methods:

  1. Users authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI.
  2. Users authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite CLI.

You must decide on how you want your users to authenticate in advance because both methods require different Satellite clients to be registered to Red Hat Single Sign-On and configured. The steps to register and configure Satellite client in Red Hat Single Sign-On are distinguished within the procedure.

You can also register two different Satellite clients to Red Hat Single Sign-On if you want to use both authentication methods and configure both clients accordingly.

Procedure

  1. On the Satellite server, install the following packages:

    # satellite-maintain packages install mod_auth_openidc keycloak-httpd-client-install
  2. Register Satellite to Red Hat Single Sign-On as a client. Note that you the registration process for logging in using the web UI and the CLI are different. You can register two clients Satellite clients to Red Hat Single Sign-On to be able to log in to Satellite from the web UI and the CLI.

    • If you want you users to authenticate to Satellite using the web UI, create a client as follows:

      # keycloak-httpd-client-install --app-name foreman-openidc \
      --keycloak-server-url "https://RHSSO.example.com" \
      --keycloak-admin-username "admin" \
      --keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm" \
      --keycloak-admin-realm master \
      --keycloak-auth-role root-admin \
      -t openidc -l /users/extlogin --force

      Enter the password for the administer account when prompted. This command creates a client for Satellite in Red Hat Single Sign-On.

      Then, configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an authentication source:

      # satellite-installer --foreman-keycloak true \
      --foreman-keycloak-app-name "foreman-openidc" \
      --foreman-keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm"
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, create a client as follows:

      # keycloak-httpd-client-install --app-name hammer-openidc \
      --keycloak-server-url "https://RHSSO.example.com" \
      --keycloak-admin-username "admin" \
      --keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm" \
      --keycloak-admin-realm master \
      --keycloak-auth-role root-admin \
      -t openidc -l /users/extlogin --force

      Enter the password for the administer account when prompted. This command creates a client for Satellite in Red Hat Single Sign-On.

  3. Restart the httpd service:

    # systemctl restart httpd

14.8.3. Configuring the Satellite Client in Red Hat Single Sign-On

Use this procedure to configure the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI and create group and audience mappers for the Satellite client.

Procedure

  1. In the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI, navigate to Clients and click the Satellite client.
  2. Configure access type:

    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI, from the Access Type list, select confidential.
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, from the Access Type list, select public.
  3. In the Valid redirect URI fields, add a valid redirect URI.

    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI, in the blank field below the existing URI, enter a URI in the form https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin. Note that you must add the string /users/extlogin after the Satellite FQDN.

      After completing this step, the Satellite client for logging in using the Satellite web UI must have the following Valid Redirect URIs:

      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin/redirect_uri
      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, in the blank field below the existing URI, enter urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob.

      After completing this step, the Satellite client for logging in using the CLI must have the following Valid Redirect URIs:

      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin/redirect_uri
      urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob
  4. Click Save.
  5. Click the Mappers tab and click Create to add an audience mapper.
  6. In the Name field, enter a name for the audience mapper.
  7. From the Mapper Type list, select Audience.
  8. From the Included Client Audience list, select the Satellite client.
  9. Click Save.
  10. Click Create to add a group mapper so that you can specify authorization in Satellite based on group membership.
  11. In the Name field, enter a name for the group mapper.
  12. From the Mapper Type list, select Group Membership.
  13. In the Token Claim Name field, enter groups.
  14. Set the Full group path setting to OFF.
  15. Click Save.

14.8.4. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Use this section to configure Satellite for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite web UI or the CLI.

14.8.4.1. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication Using the Web UI

Use this procedure to configure Satellite settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite web UI.

Note that you can navigate to the following URL within your realm to obtain values to configure Satellite settings: https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/.well-known/openid-configuration

Prerequisite

  • Ensure that the Access Type setting in the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI is set to confidential

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings, and click the Authentication tab.
  2. Locate the Authorize login delegation row, and in the Value column, set the value to Yes.
  3. Locate the Authorize login delegation auth source user autocreate row, and in the Value column, set the value to External.
  4. Locate the Login delegation logout URL row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogout.
  5. Locate the OIDC Algorithm row, and in the Value column, set the algorithm for encoding on Red Hat Single Sign-On to RS256.
  6. Locate the OIDC Audience row, and in the Value column, set the value to the client ID for Red Hat Single Sign-On.
  7. Locate the OIDC Issuer row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm.
  8. Locate the OIDC JWKs URL row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/protocol/openid-connect/certs.
  9. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Authentication Sources, click the vertical ellipsis on the External card, and select Edit.
  10. Click the Locations tab and add locations that can use the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source.
  11. Click the Organizations tab and add organizations that can use the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source.
  12. Click Submit.

14.8.4.2. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication Using the CLI

Use this procedure to configure Satellite settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite CLI.

Note that you can navigate to the following URL within your realm to obtain values to configure Satellite settings: https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/.well-known/openid-configuration

Prerequisite

  • Ensure that the Access Type setting in the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI is set to public

Procedure

  1. On Satellite, set the login delegation to true so that users can authenticate using the Open IDC protocol:

    # hammer settings set --name authorize_login_delegation --value true
  2. Set the login delegation logout URL:

    # hammer settings set --name login_delegation_logout_url \
    --value https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogout
  3. Set the algorithm for encoding on Red Hat Single Sign-On, for example, RS256:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_algorithm --value 'RS256'
  4. Open the RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_REALM/.well-known/openid-configuration URL and note the values to populate the options in the following steps.
  5. Add the value for the Hammer client in the Open IDC audience:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_audience \
    --value "['satellite.example.com-hammer-openidc']"
    Note

    If you register several Red Hat Single Sign-On clients to Satellite, ensure that you append all audiences in the array. For example:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_audience \
    --value "['satellite.example.com-foreman-openidc', 'satellite.example.com-hammer-openidc']"
  6. Set the value for the Open IDC issuer:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_issuer \
    --value "RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_Realm"
  7. Set the value for Open IDC Java Web Token (JWT):

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_jwks_url \
    --value "RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_Realm/protocol/openid-connect/certs"
  8. Retrieve the ID of the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source:

    # hammer auth-source external list
  9. Set the location and organization:

    # hammer auth-source external update --id Authentication Source ID \
    --location-ids Location ID --organization-ids Organization ID

14.8.5. Logging in to the Satellite web UI Using Red Hat Single Sign-On

Use this procedure to log in to the Satellite web UI using Red Hat Single Sign-On.

Procedure

  • In your browser, log in to Satellite and enter your credentials.

14.8.6. Logging in to the Satellite CLI Using Red Hat Single Sign-On

Use this procedure to authenticate to the Satellite CLI using the code grant type.

Procedure

  1. To authenticate to the Satellite CLI using the code grant type, enter the following command:

    # hammer auth login oauth \
    --two-factor \
    --oidc-token-endpoint 'https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/ssl-realm/protocol/openid-connect/token' \
    --oidc-authorization-endpoint 'https://RHSSO.example.com/auth' \
    --oidc-client-id 'satellite.example.com-foreman-openidc' \
    --oidc-redirect-uri urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob

    The command prompts you to enter a success code.

  2. To retrieve the success code, navigate to the URL that the command returns and provide the required information.
  3. Copy the success code that the web UI returns.
  4. In the command prompt of hammer auth login oauth, enter the success code to authenticate to the Satellite CLI.

14.8.7. Configuring Group Mapping for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Optionally, to implement the Role Based Access Control (RBAC), create a group in Satellite, assign a role to this group, and then map an Active Directory group to the Satellite group. As a result, anyone in the given group in Red Hat Single Sign-On are logged in under the corresponding Satellite group. This example configures users of the Satellite-admin user group in the Active Directory to authenticate as users with administrator privileges on Satellite.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > User Groups, and click the Create User Group button.
  2. In the Name field, enter a name for the user group. The name should not be the same as in the Active Directory.
  3. Do not add users and user groups to the right-hand columns. Click the Roles tab.
  4. Select the Administer checkbox.
  5. Click the External Groups tab.
  6. Click Add external user group.
  7. In the Name field, enter the name of the Active Directory group.
  8. From the list, select EXTERNAL.

14.9. Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication with TOTP

Use this section to configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an OpenID provider for external authentication with TOTP cards.

14.9.1. Prerequisites for Configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Before configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On external authentication, ensure that you meet the following requirements:

  • A working installation of Red Hat Single Sign-On server that uses HTTPS instead of HTTP.
  • A Red Hat Single Sign-On account with admin privileges.
  • A realm for Satellite user accounts created in Red Hat Single Sign-On.
  • If the certificates or the CA are self-signed, ensure that they are added to the end-user certificate trust store.
  • Users imported or added to Red Hat Single Sign-On.

    If you have an existing user database configured such as LDAP or Kerberos, you can import users from it by configuring user federation. For more information, see User Storage Federation in the Red Hat Single Sign-On Server Administration Guide.

    If you do not have an existing user database configured, you can manually create users in Red Hat Single Sign-On. For more information, see Creating New Users in the Red Hat Single Sign-On Server Administration Guide.

14.9.2. Registering Satellite as a Red Hat Single Sign-On Client

Use this procedure to register Satellite to Red Hat Single Sign-On as a client and configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an authentication source.

You can configure Satellite and Red Hat Single Sign-On with two different authentication methods:

  1. Users authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI.
  2. Users authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite CLI.

You must decide on how you want your users to authenticate in advance because both methods require different Satellite clients to be registered to Red Hat Single Sign-On and configured. The steps to register and configure Satellite client in Red Hat Single Sign-On are distinguished within the procedure.

You can also register two different Satellite clients to Red Hat Single Sign-On if you want to use both authentication methods and configure both clients accordingly.

Procedure

  1. On the Satellite server, install the following packages:

    # satellite-maintain packages install mod_auth_openidc keycloak-httpd-client-install
  2. Register Satellite to Red Hat Single Sign-On as a client. Note that you the registration process for logging in using the web UI and the CLI are different. You can register two clients Satellite clients to Red Hat Single Sign-On to be able to log in to Satellite from the web UI and the CLI.

    • If you want you users to authenticate to Satellite using the web UI, create a client as follows:

      # keycloak-httpd-client-install --app-name foreman-openidc \
      --keycloak-server-url "https://RHSSO.example.com" \
      --keycloak-admin-username "admin" \
      --keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm" \
      --keycloak-admin-realm master \
      --keycloak-auth-role root-admin \
      -t openidc -l /users/extlogin --force

      Enter the password for the administer account when prompted. This command creates a client for Satellite in Red Hat Single Sign-On.

      Then, configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an authentication source:

      # satellite-installer --foreman-keycloak true \
      --foreman-keycloak-app-name "foreman-openidc" \
      --foreman-keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm"
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, create a client as follows:

      # keycloak-httpd-client-install --app-name hammer-openidc \
      --keycloak-server-url "https://RHSSO.example.com" \
      --keycloak-admin-username "admin" \
      --keycloak-realm "Satellite_Realm" \
      --keycloak-admin-realm master \
      --keycloak-auth-role root-admin \
      -t openidc -l /users/extlogin --force

      Enter the password for the administer account when prompted. This command creates a client for Satellite in Red Hat Single Sign-On.

  3. Restart the httpd service:

    # systemctl restart httpd

14.9.3. Configuring the Satellite Client in Red Hat Single Sign-On

Use this procedure to configure the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI and create group and audience mappers for the Satellite client.

Procedure

  1. In the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI, navigate to Clients and click the Satellite client.
  2. Configure access type:

    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI, from the Access Type list, select confidential.
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, from the Access Type list, select public.
  3. In the Valid redirect URI fields, add a valid redirect URI.

    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the Satellite web UI, in the blank field below the existing URI, enter a URI in the form https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin. Note that you must add the string /users/extlogin after the Satellite FQDN.

      After completing this step, the Satellite client for logging in using the Satellite web UI must have the following Valid Redirect URIs:

      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin/redirect_uri
      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin
    • If you want your users to authenticate to Satellite using the CLI, in the blank field below the existing URI, enter urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob.

      After completing this step, the Satellite client for logging in using the CLI must have the following Valid Redirect URIs:

      https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogin/redirect_uri
      urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob
  4. Click Save.
  5. Click the Mappers tab and click Create to add an audience mapper.
  6. In the Name field, enter a name for the audience mapper.
  7. From the Mapper Type list, select Audience.
  8. From the Included Client Audience list, select the Satellite client.
  9. Click Save.
  10. Click Create to add a group mapper so that you can specify authorization in Satellite based on group membership.
  11. In the Name field, enter a name for the group mapper.
  12. From the Mapper Type list, select Group Membership.
  13. In the Token Claim Name field, enter groups.
  14. Set the Full group path setting to OFF.
  15. Click Save.

14.9.4. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Use this section to configure Satellite for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite web UI or the CLI.

14.9.4.1. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication Using the Web UI

Use this procedure to configure Satellite settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite web UI.

Note that you can navigate to the following URL within your realm to obtain values to configure Satellite settings: https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/.well-known/openid-configuration

Prerequisite

  • Ensure that the Access Type setting in the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI is set to confidential

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings, and click the Authentication tab.
  2. Locate the Authorize login delegation row, and in the Value column, set the value to Yes.
  3. Locate the Authorize login delegation auth source user autocreate row, and in the Value column, set the value to External.
  4. Locate the Login delegation logout URL row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogout.
  5. Locate the OIDC Algorithm row, and in the Value column, set the algorithm for encoding on Red Hat Single Sign-On to RS256.
  6. Locate the OIDC Audience row, and in the Value column, set the value to the client ID for Red Hat Single Sign-On.
  7. Locate the OIDC Issuer row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm.
  8. Locate the OIDC JWKs URL row, and in the Value column, set the value to https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/protocol/openid-connect/certs.
  9. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Authentication Sources, click the vertical ellipsis on the External card, and select Edit.
  10. Click the Locations tab and add locations that can use the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source.
  11. Click the Organizations tab and add organizations that can use the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source.
  12. Click Submit.

14.9.4.2. Configuring Satellite Settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication Using the CLI

Use this procedure to configure Satellite settings for Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication using the Satellite CLI.

Note that you can navigate to the following URL within your realm to obtain values to configure Satellite settings: https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/Satellite_Realm/.well-known/openid-configuration

Prerequisite

  • Ensure that the Access Type setting in the Satellite client in the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI is set to public

Procedure

  1. On Satellite, set the login delegation to true so that users can authenticate using the Open IDC protocol:

    # hammer settings set --name authorize_login_delegation --value true
  2. Set the login delegation logout URL:

    # hammer settings set --name login_delegation_logout_url \
    --value https://satellite.example.com/users/extlogout
  3. Set the algorithm for encoding on Red Hat Single Sign-On, for example, RS256:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_algorithm --value 'RS256'
  4. Open the RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_REALM/.well-known/openid-configuration URL and note the values to populate the options in the following steps.
  5. Add the value for the Hammer client in the Open IDC audience:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_audience \
    --value "['satellite.example.com-hammer-openidc']"
    Note

    If you register several Red Hat Single Sign-On clients to Satellite, ensure that you append all audiences in the array. For example:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_audience \
    --value "['satellite.example.com-foreman-openidc', 'satellite.example.com-hammer-openidc']"
  6. Set the value for the Open IDC issuer:

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_issuer \
    --value "RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_Realm"
  7. Set the value for Open IDC Java Web Token (JWT):

    # hammer settings set --name oidc_jwks_url \
    --value "RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/RHSSO_Realm/protocol/openid-connect/certs"
  8. Retrieve the ID of the Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication source:

    # hammer auth-source external list
  9. Set the location and organization:

    # hammer auth-source external update --id Authentication Source ID \
    --location-ids Location ID --organization-ids Organization ID

14.9.5. Configuring Satellite with Red Hat Single Sign-On for TOTP Authentication

Use this procedure to configure Satellite to use Red Hat Single Sign-On as an OpenID provider for external authentication with Time-based One-time Password (TOTP).

Procedure

  1. In the Red Hat Single Sign-On web UI, navigate to the Satellite realm.
  2. Navigate to Authentication, and click the OTP Policy tab.
  3. Ensure that the Supported Applications field includes FreeOTP or Google Authenticator.
  4. Configure the OTP settings to suit your requirements.
  5. Optional: If you want to use TOTP authentication as a default authentication method for all users, click the Flows tab, and to the right of the OTP Form setting, select REQUIRED.
  6. Click the Required Actions tab.
  7. To the right of the Configure OTP row, select the Default Action checkbox.

14.9.6. Logging in to the Satellite web UI Using Red Hat Single Sign-On TOTP Authentication

Use this procedure to log in to the Satellite web UI using Red Hat Single Sign-On TOTP authentication.

Procedure

  1. Log in to Satellite, Satellite redirects you to the Red Hat Single Sign-On login screen.
  2. Enter your username and password, and click Log In.
  3. The first attempt to log in, Red Hat Single Sign-On requests you to configure your client by scanning the barcode and entering the pin displayed.
  4. After you configure your client and enter a valid PIN, Red Hat Single Sign-On redirects you to Satellite and logs you in.

14.9.7. Logging in to the Satellite CLI Using Red Hat Single Sign-On

Use this procedure to authenticate to the Satellite CLI using the code grant type.

Procedure

  1. To authenticate to the Satellite CLI using the code grant type, enter the following command:

    # hammer auth login oauth \
    --two-factor \
    --oidc-token-endpoint 'https://RHSSO.example.com/auth/realms/ssl-realm/protocol/openid-connect/token' \
    --oidc-authorization-endpoint 'https://RHSSO.example.com/auth' \
    --oidc-client-id 'satellite.example.com-foreman-openidc' \
    --oidc-redirect-uri urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob

    The command prompts you to enter a success code.

  2. To retrieve the success code, navigate to the URL that the command returns and provide the required information.
  3. Copy the success code that the web UI returns.
  4. In the command prompt of hammer auth login oauth, enter the success code to authenticate to the Satellite CLI.

14.9.8. Configuring Group Mapping for Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

Optionally, to implement the Role Based Access Control (RBAC), create a group in Satellite, assign a role to this group, and then map an Active Directory group to the Satellite group. As a result, anyone in the given group in Red Hat Single Sign-On are logged in under the corresponding Satellite group. This example configures users of the Satellite-admin user group in the Active Directory to authenticate as users with administrator privileges on Satellite.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > User Groups, and click the Create User Group button.
  2. In the Name field, enter a name for the user group. The name should not be the same as in the Active Directory.
  3. Do not add users and user groups to the right-hand columns. Click the Roles tab.
  4. Select the Administer checkbox.
  5. Click the External Groups tab.
  6. Click Add external user group.
  7. In the Name field, enter the name of the Active Directory group.
  8. From the list, select EXTERNAL.

14.10. Disabling Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication

If you want to disable Red Hat Single Sign-On authentication in Satellite, complete this procedure.

Procedure

  • Enter the following command to disable Red Hat Single Sign-On Authentication:

    # satellite-installer --reset-foreman-keycloak

Chapter 15. Monitoring Resources

The following chapter details how to configure monitoring and reporting for managed systems. This includes host configuration, Content Views, compliance, subscriptions, registered hosts, promotions, and synchronization.

15.1. Using the Red Hat Satellite Content Dashboard

The Red Hat Satellite content dashboard contains various widgets which provide an overview of the host configuration, Content Views, compliance reports, subscriptions and hosts currently registered, promotions and synchronization, and a list of the latest notifications.

In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Monitor > Dashboard to access the content dashboard. The dashboard can be rearranged by clicking on a widget and dragging it to a different position. The following widgets are available:

Host Configuration Status

An overview of the configuration states and the number of hosts associated with it during the last reporting interval. The following table shows the descriptions of the possible configuration states.

Table 15.1. Host Configuration States

IconStateDescription

host state config okay

Hosts that had performed modifications without error

Host that successfully performed modifications during the last reporting interval.

host state config error

Hosts in error state

Hosts on which an error was detected during the last reporting interval.

host state config report

Good host reports in the last 35 minutes

Hosts without error that did not perform any modifications in the last 35 minutes.

host state config pending

Hosts that had pending changes

Hosts on which some resources would be applied but Puppet was configured to run in the noop mode.

host state config outofsync

Out of sync hosts

Hosts that were not synchronized and the report was not received during the last reporting interval.

host state config noreport

Hosts with no reports

Hosts for which no reports were collected during the last reporting interval.

host state config noalert

Hosts with alerts disabled

Hosts which are not being monitored.

Click the particular configuration status to view hosts associated with it.

Host Configuration Chart
A pie chart shows the proportion of the configuration status and the percentage of all hosts associated with it.
Latest Events

A list of messages produced by hosts including administration information, product and subscription changes, and any errors.

Monitor this section for global notifications sent to all users and to detect any unusual activity or errors.

Run Distribution (last 30 minutes)
A graph shows the distribution of the running Puppet agents during the last puppet interval which is 30 minutes by default. In this case, each column represents a number of reports received from clients during 3 minutes.
New Hosts
A list of the recently created hosts. Click the host for more details.
Task Status
A summary of all current tasks, grouped by their state and result. Click the number to see the list of corresponding tasks.
Latest Warning/Error Tasks
A list of the latest tasks that have been stopped due to a warning or error. Click a task to see more details.
Discovered Hosts
A list of all bare-metal hosts detected on the provisioning network by the Discovery plug-in.
Latest Errata
A list of all errata available for hosts registered to Satellite.
Content Views
A list of all Content Views in Satellite and their publish status.
Sync Overview
An overview of all products or repositories enabled in Satellite and their synchronization status. All products that are in the queue for synchronization, are unsynchronized or have been previously synchronized are listed in this section.
Host Subscription Status

An overview of the subscriptions currently consumed by the hosts registered to Satellite. A subscription is a purchased certificate that unlocks access to software, upgrades, and security fixes for hosts. The following table shows the possible states of subscriptions.

Table 15.2. Host Subscription States

IconStateDescription

host state sub invalid

Invalid

Hosts that have products installed, but are not correctly subscribed. These hosts need attention immediately.

host state sub partial

Partial

Hosts that have a subscription and a valid entitlement, but are not using their full entitlements. These hosts should be monitored to ensure they are configured as expected.

host state sub valid

Valid

Hosts that have a valid entitlement and are using their full entitlements.

Click the subscription type to view hosts associated with subscriptions of the selected type.

Subscription Status
An overview of the current subscription totals that shows the number of active subscriptions, the number of subscriptions that expire in the next 120 days, and the number of subscriptions that have recently expired.
Host Collections
A list of all host collections in Satellite and their status, including the number of content hosts in each host collection.
Virt-who Configuration Status

An overview of the status of reports received from the virt-who daemon running on hosts in the environment. The following table shows the possible states.

Table 15.3. Virt-who Configuration States

StateDescription

No Reports

No report has been received because either an error occurred during the virt-who configuration deployment, or the configuration has not been deployed yet, or virt-who cannot connect to Satellite during the scheduled interval.

No Change

No report has been received because hypervisor did not detect any changes on the virtual machines, or virt-who failed to upload the reports during the scheduled interval. If you added a virtual machine but the configuration is in the No Change state, check that virt-who is running.

OK

The report has been received without any errors during the scheduled interval.

Total Configurations

A total number of virt-who configurations.

Click the configuration status to see all configurations in this state.

The widget also lists the three latest configurations in the No Change state under Latest Configurations Without Change.

Latest Compliance Reports
A list of the latest compliance reports. Each compliance report shows a number of rules passed (P), failed (F), or othered (O). Click the host for the detailed compliance report. Click the policy for more details on that policy.
Compliance Reports Breakdown
A pie chart shows the distribution of compliance reports according to their status.
Red Hat Insights Actions
Red Hat Insights is a tool embedded in Satellite that checks the environment and suggests actions you can take. The actions are divided into 4 categories: Availability, Stability, Performance, and Security.
Red Hat Insights Risk Summary

A table shows the distribution of the actions according to the risk levels. Risk level represents how critical the action is and how likely it is to cause an actual issue. The possible risk levels are: Low, Medium, High, and Critical.

Note

It is not possible to change the date format displayed in the Satellite web UI.

15.1.1. Managing Tasks

Red Hat Satellite keeps a complete log of all planned or performed tasks, such as repositories synchronised, errata applied, and Content Views published. To review the log, navigate to Monitor > Tasks.

In the Task window, you can search for specific tasks, view their status, details, and elapsed time since they started. You can also cancel and resume one or more tasks.

The tasks are managed using the Dynflow engine. Remote tasks have a timeout which can be adjusted as needed.

To Adjust Timeout Settings:

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings.
  2. Enter %_timeout in the search box and click Search. The search should return four settings, including a description.
  3. In the Value column, click the icon next to a number to edit it.
  4. Enter the desired value in seconds, and click Save.
Note

Adjusting the %_finish_timeout values might help in case of low bandwidth. Adjusting the %_accept_timeout values might help in case of high latency.

When a task is initialized, any back-end service that will be used in the task, such as Candlepin or Pulp, will be checked for correct functioning. If the check fails, you will receive an error similar to the following one:

There was an issue with the backend service candlepin: Connection refused – connect(2).

If the back-end service checking feature turns out to be causing any trouble, it can be disabled as follows.

To Disable Checking for Services:

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings.
  2. Enter check_services_before_actions in the search box and click Search.
  3. In the Value column, click the icon to edit the value.
  4. From the drop-down menu, select false.
  5. Click Save.

15.2. Configuring RSS Notifications

To view Satellite event notification alerts, click the Notifications icon in the upper right of the screen.

By default, the Notifications area displays RSS feed events published in the Red Hat Satellite Blog.

The feed is refreshed every 12 hours and the Notifications area is updated whenever new events become available.

You can configure the RSS feed notifications by changing the URL feed. The supported feed format is RSS 2.0 and Atom. For an example of the RSS 2.0 feed structure, see the Red Hat Satellite Blog feed. For an example of the Atom feed structure, see the Foreman blog feed.

To Configure RSS Feed Notifications:

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Settings and select the Notifications tab.
  2. In the RSS URL row, click the edit icon in the Value column and type the required URL.
  3. In the RSS enable row, click the edit icon in the Value column to enable or disable this feature.

15.3. Monitoring Satellite Server

From the About page in Satellite web UI, you can find an overview of the following:

  • System Status, including Capsules, Available Providers, Compute Resources, and Plug-ins
  • Support Information
  • System Information
  • Backend System Status
  • Installed Packages

To navigate to the About page:

  • In the upper right corner of Satellite web UI, click Administer > About.
Note

After Pulp failure, the status of Pulp might show OK instead of Error for up to 10 minutes due to synchronization delay.

15.4. Monitoring Capsule Server

The following section shows how to use the Satellite web UI to find Capsule information valuable for maintenance and troubleshooting.

15.4.1. Viewing General Capsule Information

In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules to view a table of Capsule Servers registered to Satellite Server. The information contained in the table answers the following questions:

Is Capsule Server running?
This is indicated by a green icon in the Status column. A red icon indicates an inactive Capsule, use the service foreman-proxy restart command on Capsule Server to activate it.
What services are enabled on Capsule Server?
In the Features column you can verify if Capsule for example provides a DHCP service or acts as a Pulp mirror. Capsule features can be enabled during installation or configured in addition. For more information, see Installing Capsule Server.
What organizations and locations is Capsule Server assigned to?

A Capsule Server can be assigned to multiple organizations and locations, but only Capsules belonging to the currently selected organization are displayed. To list all Capsules, select Any Organization from the context menu in the top left corner.

After changing the Capsule configuration, select Refresh from the drop-down menu in the Actions column to ensure the Capsule table is up to date.

Click the Capsule name to view further details. At the Overview tab, you can find the same information as in the Capsule table. In addition, you can answer to the following questions:

Which hosts are managed by Capsule Server?
The number of associated hosts is displayed next to the Hosts managed label. Click the number to view the details of associated hosts.
How much storage space is available on Capsule Server?
The amount of storage space occupied by the Pulp content in /var/lib/pulp is displayed. Also the remaining storage space available on the Capsule can be ascertained.

15.4.2. Monitoring Services

In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules and click the name of the selected Capsule. At the Services tab, you can find basic information on Capsule services, such as the list of DNS domains, or the number of Pulp workers. The appearance of the page depends on what services are enabled on Capsule Server. Services providing more detailed status information can have dedicated tabs at the Capsule page. For more information, see Section 15.4.3, “Monitoring Puppet”.

15.4.3. Monitoring Puppet

In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Infrastructure > Capsules and click the name of the selected Capsule. At the Puppet tab you can find the following:

  • A summary of Puppet events, an overview of latest Puppet runs, and the synchronization status of associated hosts at the General sub-tab.
  • A list of Puppet environments at the Environments sub-tab.

At the Puppet CA tab you can find the following:

  • A certificate status overview and the number of autosign entries at the General sub-tab.
  • A table of CA certificates associated with the Capsule at the Certificates sub-tab. Here you can inspect the certificate expiry data, or cancel the certificate by clicking Revoke.
  • A list of autosign entries at the Autosign entries sub-tab. Here you can create an entry by clicking New or delete one by clicking Delete.
Note

The Puppet and Puppet CA tabs are available only if you have Puppet enabled in your Satellite. For more information, see Enabling Puppet Integration with Satellite in Managing Configurations Using Puppet Integration in Red Hat Satellite.

Chapter 16. Using Webhooks

A webhook is a way for a web page or web application to provide other applications with information in real time. Webhooks are only triggered after an event occurs. The request usually contains details of the event. An event triggers callbacks, such as sending an e-mail confirming a host has been provisioned. Webhooks enable you to define a call to an external API based on Satellite internal event using a fire-and-forget message exchange pattern. The application sending the request does not wait for the response, or ignores it.

Payload of a webhook is created from webhook templates. Webhook templates use the same ERB syntax as Provisioning templates. Available variables:

  • @event_name: Name of an event.
  • @webhook_id: Unique event ID.
  • @payload: Payload data, different for each event type. To access individual fields, use @payload[:key_name] Ruby hash syntax.
  • @payload[:object]: Database object for events triggered by database actions (create, update, delete). Not available for custom events.
  • @payload[:context]: Additional information as hash like request and session UUID, remote IP address, user, organization and location.

Because webhooks use HTTP, no new infrastructure needs be added to existing web services.

The typical use case for webhooks in Satellite is making a call to a monitoring system when a host is created or deleted.

Webhooks are useful where the action you want to perform in the external system can be achieved through its API. Where it is necessary to run additional commands or edit files, the shellhooks plugin for Capsules is available. The shellhooks plugin enables you to define a shell script on the Capsule that can be executed through the API.

You can use webhooks successfully without installing the shellhooks plugin.

For a list of available events, see Available webhook events.

16.1. Migrating to Webhooks

The legacy foreman_hooks plugin provided full access to model objects that the webhooks plugin does not intentionally provide.

The scope of what is available is limited by the safemode and all objects and macros are both subject to an API stability promise and are fully documented.

The number of events triggered by webhooks is substantially fewer than with foreman_hooks.

Webhooks are processed asynchronously so there is minimal risk of tampering with internals of the system. It is not possible to migrate from foreman_hooks without creating payloads for each individual webhook script. However, the webhooks plugin comes with several example payload templates. You can also use the example payloads with shellhooks to simplify migration.

Both script and payload templates must be customized to achieve similar results.

16.2. Installing Webhooks

Use the following procedure to install webhooks. After installing webhooks, you can configure Satellite Server to send webhook requests.

Procedure

  • Install webhooks using the following command:

    # satellite-installer --enable-foreman-plugin-webhooks
  • Optional: you can install the CLI plugin using the following command:

    # satellite-installer --enable-foreman-cli-webhooks

16.3. Creating a Webhook Template

Webhook templates are used to generate the body of HTTP request to a configured target when a webhook is triggered. Use the following procedure to create a webhook template in the Satellite web UI.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Webhook Templates.
  2. Click Clone an existing template or Create Template.
  3. Enter a name for the template.
  4. Use the editor to make changes to the template payload.

    A webhook HTTP payload must be created using Satellite template syntax. The webhook template can use a special variable called @object that can represent the main object of the event. @object can be missing in case of certain events. You can determine what data are actually available with the @payload variable.

    For more information, see Template Writing Reference in Managing Hosts and for available template macros and methods, visit /templates_doc on Satellite Server.

  5. Optional: Enter the description and audit comment.
  6. Assign organizations and locations.
  7. Click Submit.

16.4. Creating a Webhook

You can customize events, payloads, HTTP authentication, content type, and headers through the Satellite web UI.

Use the following procedure to create a webhook in the Satellite web UI.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Webhooks.
  2. Click Create new.
  3. From the Subscribe to list, select an event.
  4. Enter a Name for your webhook.
  5. Enter a Target URL. Webhooks make HTTP requests to pre-configured URLs. The target URL can be a dynamic URL.
  6. Click Template to select a template. Webhook templates are used to generate the body of the HTTP request to Satellite Server when a webhook is triggered.
  7. Enter an HTTP method.
  8. Optional: If you do not want activate the webhook when you create it, uncheck the Enabled flag.
  9. Click the Credentials tab.
  10. Optional: If HTTP authentication is required, enter User and Password.
  11. Optional: Uncheck Verify SSL if you do not want to verify the server certificate against the system certificate store or Satellite CA.
  12. On the Additional tab, enter the HTTP Content Type. For example, application/json, application/xml or text/plain on the payload you define. The application does not attempt to convert the content to match the specified content type.
  13. Optional: Provide HTTP headers as JSON. ERB is also allowed.

When configuring webhooks with endpoints with non-standard HTTP or HTTPS ports, an SELinux port must be assigned, see Configuring SELinux to Ensure Access to Satellite on Custom Ports in Installing Satellite Server in a Connected Network Environment.

16.5. Available Webhook Events

The following table contains a list of webhook events that are available from the Satellite web UI. Action events trigger webhooks only on success, so if an action fails, a webhook is not triggered.

For more information about payload, go to Administer > About > Support > Templates DSL. A list of available types is provided in the following table. Some events are marked as custom, in that case, the payload is an object object but a Ruby hash (key-value data structure) so syntax is different.

Event nameDescriptionPayload

Actions Katello Content View Promote Succeeded

A Content View was successfully promoted.

Actions::Katello::ContentView::Promote

Actions Katello Content View Publish Succeeded

A repository was successfully synchronized.

Actions::Katello::ContentView::Publish

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Succeeded

A generic remote execution job succeeded for a host. This event is emitted for all Remote Execution jobs, when complete.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Errata Install Succeeded

Install errata using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Group Install Succeeded

Install package group using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Package Install Succeeded

Install package using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Group Remove

Remove package group using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Package Remove Succeeded

Remove package using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Service Restart Succeeded

Restart Services using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Group Update Succeeded

Update package group using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Package Update Succeeded

Update package using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Foreman OpenSCAP Run Scans Succeeded

Run OpenSCAP scan.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Run Host Succeeded

Runs an Ansible playbook containing all the roles defined for a host.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Run Capsule Upgrade Succeeded

Upgrade Capsules on given Capsule server hosts.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Configure Cloud Connector Succeeded

Configure Cloud Connector on given hosts.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Run Insights Plan Succeeded

Runs a given maintenance plan from Red Hat Access Insights given an ID.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Run Playbook Succeeded

Run an Ansible playbook against given hosts.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Ansible Enable Web Console Succeeded

Run an Ansible playbook to enable the web console on given hosts.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Puppet Run Host Succeeded

Perform a single Puppet run.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Katello Module Stream Action Succeeded

Perform a module stream action using the Katello interface.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Leapp Pre-upgrade Succeeded

Upgradeability check for RHEL 7 host.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Leapp Remediation Plan Succeeded

Run Remediation plan with Leapp.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Leapp Upgrade Succeeded

Run Leapp upgrade job for RHEL 7 host.

Actions::RemoteExecution::RunHostJob

Build Entered

A host entered the build mode.

Custom event: @payload[:id] (host id), @payload[:hostname] (host name).

Build Exited

A host build mode was canceled, either it was successfully provisioned or the user canceled the build manually.

Custom event: @payload[:id] (host id), @payload[:hostname] (host name).

Content View Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a Content View.

Katello::ContentView

Domain Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a domain.

Domain

Host Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a host.

Host

Hostgroup Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a hostgroup.

Hostgroup

Model Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a model.

Model

Status Changed

Global host status of a host changed.

Custom event: @payload[:id] (host id), @payload[:hostname], @payload[:global_status] (hash)

Subnet Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a subnet.

Subnet

Template Render Performed

A report template was rendered.

Template

User Created/Updated/Destroyed

Common database operations on a user.

User

16.6. Shellhooks

With webhooks, you can only map one Satellite event to one API call. For advanced integrations, where a single shell script can contain multiple commands, you can install a Capsule shellhooks plugin that exposes executables using a REST HTTP API.

You can then configure a webhook to reach out to a Capsule API to run a predefined shellhook. A shellhook is an executable script that can be written in any language as long as it can be executed. The shellhook can for example contain commands or edit files.

You must place your executable scripts in /var/lib/foreman-proxy/shellhooks with only alphanumeric characters and underscores in their name.

You can pass input to shellhook script through the webhook payload. This input is redirected to standard input of the shellhook script. You can pass arguments to shellhook script using HTTP headers in format X-Shellhook-Arg-1 to X-Shellhook-Arg-99. For more information on passing arguments to shellhook script, see:

The HTTP method must be POST. An example URL would be: https://capsule.example.com:9090/shellhook/My_Script.

Note

Unlike the shellhooks directory, the URL must contain /shellhook/ in singular to be valid.

You must enable Capsule Authorization for each webhook connected to a shellhook to enable it to authorize a call.

Standard output and standard error output are redirected to the Capsule logs as messages with debug or warning levels respectively.

The shellhook HTTPS calls do not return a value.

For an example on creating a shellhook script, see Section 16.10, “Creating a Shellhook to Print Arguments”.

16.7. Installing the Shellhooks Plugin

Optionally, you can install and enable the shellhooks plugin on each Capsule used for shellhooks, using the following command:

# satellite-installer --enable-foreman-proxy-plugin-shellhooks

16.8. Passing Arguments to Shellhook Script Using Webhooks

Use this procedure to pass arguments to a shellhook script using webhooks.

Procedure

  • When creating a webhook, on the Additional tab, create HTTP headers in the following format:

    {
      "X-Shellhook-Arg-1": "VALUE",
      "X-Shellhook-Arg-2": "VALUE"
    }

    Ensure that the headers have a valid JSON or ERB format. Only pass safe fields like database ID, name, or labels that do not include new lines or quote characters.

    For more information, see Section 16.4, “Creating a Webhook”.

Example

{
  "X-Shellhook-Arg-1": "<%= @object.content_view_version_id %>",
  "X-Shellhook-Arg-2": "<%= @object.content_view_name %>"
}

16.9. Passing Arguments to Shellhook Script Using Curl

Use this procedure to pass arguments to a shellhook script using curl.

Procedure

  • When executing a shellhook script using curl, create HTTP headers in the following format:

    "X-Shellhook-Arg-1: VALUE"
    "X-Shellhook-Arg-2: VALUE"

Example

# curl -sX POST -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
-H "X-Shellhook-Arg-1: Version 1.0" \
-H "X-Shellhook-Arg-2: My Content View" \
--data "" https://capsule.example.com:9090/shellhook/My_Script

16.10. Creating a Shellhook to Print Arguments

Create a simple shellhook script that prints "Hello World!" when you run a remote execution job.

Prerequisite

Procedure

  1. Modify the /var/lib/foreman-proxy/shellhooks/print_args script to print arguments to standard error output so you can see them in the Capsule logs:

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # Prints all arguments to stderr
    #
    echo "$@" >&2
  2. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Webhooks.
  3. Click Create new.
  4. From the Subscribe to list, select Actions Remote Execution Run Host Job Succeeded.
  5. Enter a Name for your webhook.
  6. In the Target URL field, enter the URL of your Capsule Server followed by :9090/shellhook/print_args:

    https://capsule.example.com:9090/shellhook/print_args

    Note that shellhook in the URL is singular, unlike the shellhooks directory.

  7. From the Template list, select Empty Payload.
  8. On the Credentials tab, check Capsule Authorization.
  9. On the Additional tab, enter the following text in the Optional HTTP headers field:

    {
        "X-Shellhook-Arg-1": "Hello",
        "X-Shellhook-Arg-2": "World!"
    }
  10. Click Submit. You now have successfully created a shellhook that prints "Hello World!" to Capsule logs every time you a remote execution job succeeds.

Verification

  1. Run a remote execution job on any host. You can use time as a command. For more information, see Executing a Remote Job in Managing Hosts.
  2. Verify that the shellhook script was triggered and printed "Hello World!" to Capsule Server logs:

    # tail /var/log/foreman-proxy/proxy.log

    You should find the following lines at the end of the log:

    [I] Started POST /shellhook/print_args
    [I] Finished POST /shellhook/print_args with 200 (0.33 ms)
    [I] [3520] Started task /var/lib/foreman-proxy/shellhooks/print_args\ Hello\ World\!
    [W] [3520] Hello World!

Chapter 17. Searching and Bookmarking

Satellite features powerful search functionality on most pages of the Satellite web UI. It enables you to search all kinds of resources that Satellite manages. Searches accept both free text and syntax-based queries, which can be built using extensive input prediction. Search queries can be saved as bookmarks for future reuse.

17.1. Building Search Queries

As you start typing a search query, a list of valid options to complete the current part of the query appears. You can either select an option from the list and keep building the query using the prediction, or continue typing. To learn how free text is interpreted by the search engine, see Section 17.2, “Using Free Text Search”.

17.1.1. Query Syntax

parameter operator value

Available fields, resources to search, and the way the query is interpreted all depend on context, that is, the page where you perform the search. For example, the field "hostgroup" on the Hosts page is equivalent to the field "name" on the Host Groups page. The field type also determines available operators and accepted values.

For a list of all operators, see Operators. For descriptions of value formats, see Values.

17.1.2. Query Operators

All operators that can be used between parameter and value are listed in the following table. Other symbols and special characters that might appear in a prediction-built query, such as colons, do not have special meaning and are treated as free text.

Table 17.1. Comparison Operators Accepted by Search

OperatorShort NameDescriptionExample

=

EQUALS

Accepts numerical, temporal, or text values. For text, exact case sensitive matches are returned.

hostgroup = RHEL7

!=

NOT EQUALS

~

LIKE

Accepts text or temporal values. Returns case insensitive matches. Accepts the following wildcards: _ for a single character, % or * for any number of characters including zero. If no wildcard is specified, the string is treated as if surrounded by wildcards: %rhel7%

hostgroup ~ rhel%

!~

NOT LIKE

>

GREATER THAN

Accepts numerical or temporal values. For temporal values, the operator > is interpreted as "later than", and < as "earlier than". Both operators can be combined with EQUALS: >= <=

registered_at > 10-January-2017
The search will return hosts that have been registered after the given date, that is, between 10th January 2017 and now.

registered_at <= Yesterday
The search will return hosts that have been registered yesterday or earlier.

<

LESS THAN

^

IN

Compares an expression against a list of values, as in SQL. Returns matches that contain or not contain the values, respectively.

release_version !^ 7

!^

NOT IN

HAS or set?

 

Returns values that are present or not present, respectively.

has hostgroup or set? hostgroup
On the Puppet Classes page, the search will return classes that are assigned to at least one host group.

not has hostgroup or null? hostgroup
On the Dashboard with an overview of hosts, the search will return all hosts that have no assigned host group.

NOT HAS or null?

 

Simple queries that follow the described syntax can be combined into more complex ones using logical operators AND, OR, and NOT. Alternative notations of the operators are also accepted:

Table 17.2. Logical Operators Accepted by Search

OperatorAlternative NotationsExample

and

&

&&

<whitespace>

class = motd AND environment ~ production

or

|

||

 

errata_status = errata_needed || errata_status = security_needed

not

!

 

hostgroup ~ rhel7 not status.failed

17.1.3. Query Values

Text Values

Text containing whitespaces must be enclosed in quotes. A whitespace is otherwise interpreted as the AND operator.

Examples:

hostgroup = "Web servers"

The search will return hosts with assigned host group named "Web servers".

hostgroup = Web servers

The search will return hosts in the host group Web with any field matching %servers%.

Temporal Values

Many date and time formats are accepted, including the following:

  • "10 January 2017"
  • "10 Jan 2017"
  • 10-January-2017
  • 10/January/2017
  • "January 10, 2017"
  • Today, Yesterday, and the like.
Warning

Avoid ambiguous date formats, such as 02/10/2017 or 10-02-2017.

17.2. Using Free Text Search

When you enter free text, it will be searched for across multiple fields. For example, if you type "64", the search will return all hosts that have that number in their name, IP address, MAC address, and architecture.

Note

Multi-word queries must be enclosed in quotes, otherwise the whitespace is interpreted as the AND operator.

Because of searching across all fields, free text search results are not very accurate and searching can be slow, especially on a large number of hosts. For this reason, we recommend that you avoid free text and use more specific, syntax-based queries whenever possible.

17.3. Managing Bookmarks

You can save search queries as bookmarks for reuse. You can also delete or modify a bookmark.

Bookmarks appear only on the page on which they were created. On some pages, there are default bookmarks available for the common searches, for example, all active or disabled hosts.

17.3.1. Creating Bookmarks

This section details how to save a search query as a bookmark. You must save the search query on the relevant page to create a bookmark for that page, for example, saving a host related search query on the Hosts page.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to the page where you want to create a bookmark.
  2. In the Search field, enter the search query you want to save.
  3. Select the arrow to the right of the Search button and then select Bookmark this search.
  4. In the Name field, enter a name for the new bookmark.
  5. In the Search query field, ensure your search query is correct.
  6. Ensure the Public checkbox is set correctly:

    • Select the Public checkbox to set the bookmark as public and visible to all users.
    • Clear the Public checkbox to set the bookmark as private and only visible to the user who created it.
  7. Click Submit.

To confirm the creation, either select the arrow to the right of the Search button to display the list of bookmarks, or navigate to Administer > Bookmarks and then check the Bookmarks list for the name of the bookmark.

17.3.2. Deleting Bookmarks

You can delete bookmarks on the Bookmarks page.

Procedure

  1. In the Satellite web UI, navigate to Administer > Bookmarks.
  2. On the Bookmarks page, click Delete for the Bookmark you want to delete.
  3. When the confirmation window opens, click OK to confirm the deletion.

To confirm the deletion, check the Bookmarks list for the name of the bookmark.

Appendix A. Administration Settings

This section contains information about settings that you can edit in the Satellite web UI by navigating to Administer > Settings.

A.1. General Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Administrator email address

 

The default administrator email address

Satellite URL

 

URL where your Satellite instance is reachable. See also Provisioning > Unattended URL.

Entries per page

20

Number of records shown per page in Satellite

Fix DB cache

No

Satellite maintains a cache of permissions and roles. When set to Yes, Satellite recreates this cache on the next restart.

DB pending seed

No

Should the foreman-rake db:seed be executed on the next run of the installer modules?

Capsule request timeout

60

Open and read timeout for HTTP requests from Satellite to Capsule (in seconds).

Login page footer text

 

Text to be shown in the login-page footer.

Show host power status

Yes

Show power status on the host index page. This feature calls to compute resource providers which may lead to decreased performance on the host listing page.

HTTP(S) proxy

 

Set a proxy for outgoing HTTP(S) connections from the Satellite product. System-wide proxies must be configured at the operating system level.

HTTP(S) proxy except hosts

[]

Set hostnames to which requests are not to be proxied. Requests to the local host are excluded by default.

Show Experimental Labs

No

Whether or not to show a menu to access experimental lab features (requires reload of page).

Append domain names to the host

Yes

If set to Yes, Satellite appends domain names when new hosts are provisioned.

Out of sync interval

30

Managed hosts report periodically, and if the time between reports exceeds this duration in minutes, hosts are considered out of sync. You can override this on your hosts by adding the outofsync_interval parameter, per host, at Hosts > All hosts > $host > Edit > Parameters > Add Parameter.

Satellite UUID

 

Satellite instance ID. Uniquely identifies a Satellite instance.

Default language

 

The UI for new users uses this language.

Default timezone

 

The timezone to use for new users.

Instance title

 

The instance title is shown on the top navigation bar (requires a page reload).

Saved audits interval

 

Duration in days to preserve audit data. Leave empty to disable the audits cleanup.

New host details UI

Yes

Satellite loads the new UI for host details.

A.2. Satellite Task Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Sync task timeout

120

Number of seconds to wait for a synchronous task to finish before an exception is raised.

Enable dynflow console

Yes

Enable the dynflow console (/foreman_tasks/dynflow) for debugging.

Require auth for dynflow console

Yes

The user must be authenticated as having administrative rights before accessing the dynflow console.

Capsule action retry count

4

Number of attempts permitted to start a task on the Capsule before failing.

Capsule action retry interval

15

Time in seconds between retries.

Allow Capsule batch tasks

Yes

Enable batch triggering of tasks on the Capsule.

Capsule tasks batch size

100

Number of tasks included in one request to the Capsule if foreman_tasks_proxy_batch_trigger is enabled.

Tasks troubleshooting URL

 

URL pointing to the task troubleshooting documentation. It should contain a %{label} placeholder that is replaced with a normalized task label (restricted to only alphanumeric characters)). A %{version} placeholder is also available.

Polling intervals multiplier

1

Polling multiplier used to multiply the default polling intervals. You can use this to prevent polling too frequently for long running tasks.

A.3. Template Sync Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Associate

New

Associate templates with OS, organization and location.

Branch

 

Default branch in Git repo.

Commit message

Templates export made by a Satellite user

Custom commit message for exported templates.

Dirname

/

The directory within the Git repo containing the templates.

Filter

 

Import or export of names matching this regex. Case-insensitive. Snippets are not filtered.

Force import

No

If set to Yes, locked templates are overwritten during an import.

Lock templates

Keep, do not lock new

How to handle lock for imported templates.

Metadata export mode

Refresh

Default metadata export mode.

Possible options:

refresh re-renders metadata.

keep keeps existing metadata.

remove exports the template without metadata.

Negate

No

Negate the filter for import or export.

Prefix

 

A string added as a prefix to imported templates.

Repo

 

Target path from where to import or export templates. Different protocols can be used, for example:

/tmp/dir

git://example.com

https://example.com

ssh://example.com

When exporting to /tmp, note that production deployments may be configured to use private tmp.

Verbosity

No

Choose verbosity for Rake task importing templates.

A.4. Discovered Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Discovery location

 

Indicates the default location to place discovered hosts in.

Discovery organization

 

Indicates the default organization to which discovered hosts are added.

Interface fact

discovery_bootif

Fact name to use for primary interface detection.

Create bond interfaces

No

Automatically create a bond interface if another interface is detected on the same VLAN using LLDP.

Clean all facts

No

Clean all reported facts (except discovery facts) during provisioning.

Hostname facts

discovery_bootif

List of facts to use for the hostname (comma separated, first wins).

Auto provisioning

No

Use the provisioning rules to automatically provision newly discovered hosts.

Reboot

Yes

Automatically reboot or kexec discovered hosts during provisioning.

Hostname prefix

mac

The default prefix to use for the hostname. Must start with a letter.

Fact columns

 

Extra facter columns to show in host lists (comma separated).

Highlighted facts

 

Regex to organize facts for highlights section – e.g. ^(abc|cde)$.

Storage facts

 

Regex to organize facts for the storage section.

Software facts

 

Regex to organize facts for the software section.

Hardware facts

 

Regex to organize facts for the hardware section.

Network facts

 

Regex to organize facts for the network section.

IPMI facts

 

Regex to organize facts for the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) section.

Lock PXE

No

Automatically generate a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) configuration to pin a newly discovered host to discovery.

Locked PXELinux template name

pxelinux_discovery

PXELinux template to be used when pinning a host to discovery.

Locked PXEGrub template name

pxegrub_discovery

PXEGrub template to be used when pinning a host to discovery.

Locked PXEGrub2 template name

pxegrub2_discovery

PXEGrub2 template to be used when pinning a host to discovery.

Force DNS

Yes

Force the creation of DNS entries when provisioning a discovered host.

Error on existing NIC

No

Do not permit to discover an existing managed host matching the MAC of a provisioning Network Interface Card (NIC) (errors out early).

Type of name generator

Fact + prefix

Discovery hostname naming pattern.

Prefer IPv6

No

Prefer IPv6 to IPv4 when calling discovered nodes.

A.5. Boot Disk Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

iPXE directory

/usr/share/ipxe

Path to directory containing iPXE images.

ISOLINUX directory

/usr/share/syslinux

Path to directory containing ISOLINUX images.

SYSLINUX directory

/usr/share/syslinux

Path to directory containing SYSLINUX images.

Grub2 directory

/var/lib/tftpboot/grub2

Path to directory containing grubx64.efi and shimx64.efi.

Host image template

Boot disk iPXE - host

iPXE template to use for host-specific boot disks.

Generic image template

Boot disk iPXE - generic host

iPXE template to use for generic host boot disks.

Generic Grub2 EFI image template

Boot disk Grub2 EFI - generic host

Grub2 template to use for generic Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) host boot disks.

ISO generation command

genisoimage

Command to generate ISO image, use genisoimage or mkisofs.

Installation media caching

Yes

Installation media files are cached for full host images.

Allowed bootdisk types

[generic, host, full_host, subnet]

List of permitted bootdisk types. Leave blank to disable it.

A.6. Red Hat Cloud Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Automatic inventory upload

Yes

Enable automatic upload of your host inventory to the Red Hat cloud.

Synchronize recommendations Automatically

No

Enable automatic synchronization of Insights recommendations from the Red Hat cloud.

Obfuscate host names

No

Obfuscate hostnames sent to the Red Hat cloud.

Obfuscate host ipv4 addresses

No

Obfuscate IPv4 addresses sent to the Red Hat cloud.

ID of the RHC daemon

*****

RHC daemon id.

A.7. Content Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Default HTTP Proxy

 

Default HTTP Proxy for syncing content.

CDN SSL version

 

SSL version used to communicate with the CDN.

Default synced OS provisioning template

Kickstart default

Default provisioning template for operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS finish template

Kickstart default finish

Default finish template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS user-data

Kickstart default user data

Default user data for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS PXELinux template

Kickstart default PXELinux

Default PXELinux template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS PXEGrub template

Kickstart default PXEGrub

Default PXEGrub template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS PXEGrub2 template

Kickstart default PXEGrub2

Default PXEGrub2 template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS iPXE template

Kickstart default iPXE

Default iPXE template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS partition table

Kickstart default

Default partitioning table for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS kexec template

Discovery Red Hat kexec

Default kexec template for new operating systems created from synced content.

Default synced OS Atomic template

Atomic Kickstart default

Default provisioning template for new atomic operating systems created from synced content.

Manifest refresh timeout

1200

Timeout when refreshing a manifest (in seconds).

Accept action timeout

20

Time in seconds to wait for a host to pick up a remote action.

Finish action timeout

3600

Time in seconds to wait for a host to finish a remote action.

Subscription connection enabled

Yes

Can communicate with the Red Hat Portal for subscriptions.

Installable errata from Content View

No

Calculate errata host status based only on errata in a host’s Content View and Lifecycle Environment.

Restrict Composite Content View promotion

No

If this is enabled, a composite content view cannot be published or promoted, unless the component content view versions that it includes exist in the target environment.

Check services before actions

Yes

Check the status of backend services such as pulp and candlepin before performing actions?

Batch size to sync repositories in

100

How many repositories should be synced concurrently on a Capsule. A smaller number may lead to longer sync times. A larger number will increase dynflow load.

Sync Capsules after Content View promotion

Yes

Whether or not to auto sync Capsules after a Content View promotion.

Default Custom Repository download policy

immediate

Default download policy for custom repositories. Either immediate or on_demand.

Default Red Hat Repository download policy

on_demand

Default download policy for enabled Red Hat repositories. Either immediate or on_demand.

Default Capsule download policy

on_demand

Default download policy for Capsule syncs. Either inherit, immediate, or on_demand.

Pulp export destination filepath

/var/lib/pulp/katello-export

On-disk location for exported repositories.

Pulp 3 export destination filepath

/var/lib/pulp/exports

On-disk location for Pulp 3 exported repositories.

Pulp client key

/etc/pki/katello/private/pulp-client.key

Path for SSL key used for Pulp server authentication.

Pulp client cert

/etc/pki/katello/certs/pulp-client.crt

Path for SSL certificate used for Pulp server authentication.

Sync Connection Timeout

300

Total timeout in seconds for connections when syncing.

Use remote execution by default

No

If enabled, remote execution is used instead of katello-agent for remote actions.

Delete Host upon unregister

No

When unregistering a host using subscription-manager, also delete the host record. Managed resources linked to the host such as virtual machines and DNS records might also be deleted.

Subscription manager name registration fact

 

When registering a host using subscription-manager, force use the specified fact for the host name (in the form of fact.fact).

Subscription manager name registration fact strict matching

No

If this is enabled, and register_hostname_fact is set and provided, registration looks for a new host by name only using that fact, and skips all hostname matching.

Default Location subscribed hosts

Default Location

Default location where new subscribed hosts are stored after registration.

Expire soon days

120

The number of days remaining in a subscription before you are reminded about renewing it.

Content View Dependency Solving Default

No

The default dependency solving value for new content views.

Host Duplicate DMI UUIDs

[]

If hosts fail to register because of duplicate Desktop Management Interface (DMI) UUIDs, add their comma-separated values here. Subsequent registrations generate a unique DMI UUID for the affected hosts.

Host Profile Assume

Yes

Enable new host registrations to assume registered profiles with matching hostname as long as the registering DMI UUID is not used by another host.

Host Profile Can Change In Build

No

Enable host registrations to bypass Host Profile Assume as long as the host is in build mode.

Host Can Re-Register Only In Build

No

Enable hosts to re-register only when they are in build mode.

Host Tasks Workers Pool Size

5

Number of workers in the pool to handle the execution of host-related tasks. When set to 0, the default queue is used. Restart of the dynflowd/foreman-tasks service is required.

Applicability Batch Size

50

Number of host applicability calculations to process per task.

Autosearch

Yes

For pages that support it, automatically perform the search while typing in search input.

Autosearch delay

500

If Autosearch is enabled, delay in milliseconds before executing searches while typing.

Pulp bulk load size

2000

The number of items fetched from a single paged Pulp API call.

Upload profiles without Dynflow

Yes

Enable Katello to update host installed packages, enabled repositories, and module inventory directly instead of wrapped in Dynflow tasks (try turning off if Puma processes are using too much memory).

Orphaned Content Protection Time

1440

Time in minutes to consider orphan content as orphaned.

Prefer registered through Capsule for remote execution

No

Prefer using a proxy to which a host is registered when using remote execution.

Allow deleting repositories in published content views

Yes

Enable removal of repositories that the user has previously published in one or more Content View versions.

A.8. Authentication Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

OAuth active

Yes

Satellite will use OAuth for API authorization.

OAuth consumer key

*****

OAuth consumer key.

OAuth consumer secret

*****

OAuth consumer secret.

OAuth map users

No

Satellite maps users by username in the request-header. If this is disabled, OAuth requests have administrator rights.

Failed login attempts limit

30

Satellite blocks user logins from an incoming IP address for 5 minutes after the specified number of failed login attempts. Set to 0 to disable brute force protection.

Restrict registered Capsules

Yes

Only known Capsules can access features that use Capsule authentication.

Require SSL for capsules

Yes

Client SSL certificates are used to identify Capsules (:require_ssl should also be enabled).

Trusted hosts

[]

List of hostnames, IPv4, IPv6 addresses or subnets to be trusted in addition to Capsules for access to fact/report importers and ENC output.

SSL certificate

/etc/foreman/client_cert.pem

SSL Certificate path that Satellite uses to communicate with its proxies.

SSL CA file

/etc/foreman/proxy_ca.pem

SSL CA file path that Satellite uses to communicate with its proxies.

SSL private key

/etc/foreman/client_key.pem

SSL Private Key path that Satellite uses to communicate with its proxies.

SSL client DN env

HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_S_DN

Environment variable containing the subject DN from a client SSL certificate.

SSL client verify env

HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY

Environment variable containing the verification status of a client SSL certificate.

SSL client cert env

HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT

Environment variable containing a client’s SSL certificate.

Server CA file

 

SSL CA file path used in templates to verify the connection to Satellite.

Websockets SSL key

etc/pki/katello/private/katello-apache.key

Private key file path that Satellite uses to encrypt websockets.

Websockets SSL certificate

/etc/pki/katello/certs/katello-apache.crt

Certificate path that Satellite uses to encrypt websockets.

Websockets encryption

Yes

VNC/SPICE websocket proxy console access encryption (websockets_ssl_key/cert setting required).

Login delegation logout URL

 

Redirect your users to this URL on logout. Enable Authorize login delegation also.

Authorize login delegation auth source user autocreate

External

Name of the external authentication source where unknown externally authenticated users (see Authorize login delegation) are created. Empty means no autocreation.

Authorize login delegation

No

Authorize login delegation with REMOTE_USER HTTP header.

Authorize login delegation API

No

Authorize login delegation with REMOTE_USER HTTP header for API calls too.

Idle timeout

60

Log out idle users after the specified number of minutes.

BCrypt password cost

9

Cost value of bcrypt password hash function for internal auth-sources (4 – 30). A higher value is safer but verification is slower, particularly for stateless API calls and UI logins. A password change is needed to affect existing passwords.

BMC credentials access

Yes

Permits access to BMC interface passwords through ENC YAML output and in templates.

OIDC JWKs URL

 

OpenID Connect JSON Web Key Set (JWKS) URL. Typically https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/<realm name>/protocol/openid-connect/certs when using Keycloak as an OpenID provider.

OIDC Audience

[]

Name of the OpenID Connect Audience that is being used for authentication. In the case of Keycloak this is the Client ID.

OIDC Issuer

 

The issuer claim identifies the principal that issued the JSON Web tokens (JWT), which exists at a /.well-known/openid-configuration in case of most of the OpenID providers.

OIDC Algorithm

 

The algorithm used to encode the JWT in the OpenID provider.

A.9. Email Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Email reply address

 

Email reply address for emails that Satellite is sending.

Email subject prefix

 

Prefix to add to all outgoing email.

Send welcome email

No

Send a welcome email including username and URL to new users.

Delivery method

Sendmail

Method used to deliver email.

SMTP enable StartTLS auto

Yes

SMTP automatically enables StartTLS.

SMTP OpenSSL verify mode

Default verification mode

When using TLS, you can set how OpenSSL checks the certificate.

SMTP address

 

SMTP address to connect to.

SMTP port

25

SMTP port to connect to.

SMTP HELO/EHLO domain

 

HELO/EHLO domain.

SMTP username

 

Username to use to authenticate, if required.

SMTP password

*****

Password to use to authenticate, if required.

SMTP authentication

none

Specify authentication type, if required.

Sendmail arguments

-i

Specify additional options to sendmail. Only used when the delivery method is set to sendmail.

Sendmail location

/usr/sbin/sendmail

The location of the sendmail executable. Only used when the delivery method is set to sendmail.

A.10. Notifications Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

RSS enable

Yes

Pull RSS notifications.

RSS URL

https://www.redhat.com/en/rss/blog/channel/red-hat-satellite

URL from which to fetch RSS notifications.

A.11. Provisioning Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Host owner

 

Default owner on provisioned hosts, if empty Satellite uses the current user.

Root password

*****

Default encrypted root password on provisioned hosts.

Unattended URL

 

URL that hosts retrieve templates from during the build. When it starts with https, unattended, or userdata, controllers cannot be accessed using HTTP.

Safemode rendering

Yes

Enables safe mode rendering of provisioning templates. The default and recommended option Yes denies access to variables and any object that is not listed in Satellite.

When set to No, any object may be accessed by a user with permission to use templating features, either by editing templates, parameters or smart variables. This permits users full remote code execution on Satellite Server, effectively disabling all authorization. This is not a safe option, especially in larger companies.

Access unattended without build

No

Enable access to unattended URLs without build mode being used.

Query local nameservers

No

Satellite queries the locally configured resolver instead of the SOA/NS authorities.

Installation token lifetime

360

Time in minutes that installation tokens should be valid for. Set to 0 to disable the token.

SSH timeout

120

Time in seconds before SSH provisioning times out.

Libvirt default console address

0.0.0.0

The IP address that should be used for the console listen address when provisioning new virtual machines using libvirt.

Update IP from built request

No

Satellite updates the host IP with the IP that made the build request.

Use short name for VMs

No

Satellite uses the short hostname instead of the FQDN for creating new virtual machines.

DNS timeout

[5, 10, 15, 20]

List of timeouts (in seconds) for DNS lookup attempts such as the dns_lookup macro and DNS record conflict validation.

Clean up failed deployment

Yes

Satellite deletes the virtual machine if the provisioning script ends with a non-zero exit code.

Type of name generator

Random-based

Specifies the method used to generate a hostname when creating a new host.

The default Random-based option generates a unique random hostname which you can but do not have to use. This is useful for users who create many hosts and do not know how to name them.

The MAC-based option is for bare-metal hosts only. If you delete a host and create it later on, it receives the same hostname based on the MAC address. This can be useful for users who recycle servers and want them to always get the same hostname.

The Off option disables the name generator function and leaves the hostname field blank.

Default PXE global template entry

 

Default PXE menu item in a global template – local, discovery or custom, use blank for template default.

Default PXE local template entry

 

Default PXE menu item in local template – local, local_chain_hd0, or custom, use blank for template default.

iPXE intermediate script

iPXE intermediate script

Intermediate iPXE script for unattended installations.

Destroy associated VM on host delete

No

Destroy associated VM on host delete. When enabled, VMs linked to hosts are deleted on Compute Resource. When disabled, VMs are unlinked when the host is deleted, meaning they remain on Compute Resource and can be re-associated or imported back to Satellite again. This does not automatically power off the VM

Maximum structured facts

100

Maximum number of keys in structured subtree, statistics stored in satellite::dropped_subtree_facts.

Default Global registration template

Global Registration

Global Registration template.

Default 'Host initial configuration' template

Linux host_init_config default

Default 'Host initial configuration' template, automatically assigned when a new operating system is created.

Global default PXEGrub2 template

PXEGrub2 global default

Global default PXEGrub2 template. This template is deployed to all configured TFTP servers. It is not affected by upgrades.

Global default PXELinux template

PXELinux global default

Global default PXELinux template. This template is deployed to all configured TFTP servers. It is not affected by upgrades.

Global default PXEGrub template

PXEGrub global default

Global default PXEGrub template. This template is deployed to all configured TFTP servers. It is not affected by upgrades.

Global default iPXE template

iPXE global default

Global default iPXE template. This template is deployed to all configured TFTP servers. It is not affected by upgrades.

Local boot PXEGrub2 template

PXEGrub2 default local boot

Template that is selected as PXEGrub2 default for local boot.

Local boot PXELinux template

PXELinux default local boot

Template that is selected as PXELinux default for local boot.

Local boot PXEGrub template

PXEGrub default local boot

Template that is selected as PXEGrub default for local boot.

Local boot iPXE template

iPXE default local boot

Template that is selected as iPXE default for local boot.

Manage PuppetCA

Yes

Satellite automates certificate signing upon provision of a new host.

Use UUID for certificates

No

Satellite uses random UUIDs for certificate signing instead of hostnames.

Show unsupported provisioning templates

No

Show unsupported provisioning templates. When enabled, all the available templates are shown. When disabled, only Red Hat supported templates are shown.

A.12. Facts Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Create new host when facts are uploaded

Yes

Satellite creates the host when new facts are received.

Location fact

satellite_location

Hosts created after a Puppet run are placed in the location specified by this fact.

Organization fact

satellite_organization

Hosts created after a Puppet run are placed in the organization specified by this fact. The content of this fact should be the full label of the organization.

Default location

Default Location

Hosts created after a Puppet run that did not send a location fact are placed in this location.

Default organization

Default Organization

Hosts created after a Puppet run that did not send an organization fact are placed in this organization.

Update hostgroup from facts

Yes

Satellite updates a host’s hostgroup from its facts.

Ignore facts for operating system

No

Stop updating operating system from facts.

Ignore facts for domain

No

Stop updating domain values from facts.

Update subnets from facts

None

Satellite updates a host’s subnet from its facts.

Ignore interfaces facts for provisioning

No

Stop updating IP and MAC address values from facts (affects all interfaces).

Ignore interfaces with matching identifier

[lo, en*v*, usb*, vnet*, macvtap*, ;vdsmdummy;, veth*, tap*, qbr*, qvb*, qvo*, qr-*, qg-*, vlinuxbr*, vovsbr*, br-int]

Skip creating or updating host network interfaces objects with identifiers matching these values from incoming facts. You can use a * wildcard to match identifiers with indexes, e.g. macvtap*. The ignored interface raw facts are still stored in the database, see the Exclude pattern setting for more details.

Exclude pattern for facts stored in satellite

[lo, en*v*, usb*, vnet*, macvtap*, ;vdsmdummy;, veth*, tap*, qbr*, qvb*, qvo*, qr-*, qg-*, vlinuxbr*, vovsbr*, br-int, load_averages::*, memory::swap::available*, memory::swap::capacity, memory::swap::used*, memory::system::available*, memory::system::capacity, memory::system::used*, memoryfree, memoryfree_mb, swapfree, swapfree_mb, uptime_hours, uptime_days]

Exclude pattern for all types of imported facts (Puppet, Ansible, rhsm). Those facts are not stored in the satellite database. You can use a * wildcard to match names with indexes, e.g. ignore* filters out ignore, ignore123 as well as a::ignore or even a::ignore123::b.

A.13. Configuration Management Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Create new host when report is uploaded

Yes

Satellite creates the host when a report is received.

Matchers inheritance

Yes

Satellite matchers are inherited by children when evaluating smart class parameters for hostgroups, organizations, and locations.

Default parameters lookup path

[fqdn, hostgroup, os, domain]

Satellite evaluates host smart class parameters in this order by default.

Interpolate ERB in parameters

Yes

Satellite parses ERB in parameters value in the ENC output.

Always show configuration status

No

All hosts show a configuration status even when a Puppet Capsule is not assigned.

A.14. Remote Execution Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Fallback to Any Capsule

No

Search the host for any proxy with Remote Execution. This is useful when the host has no subnet or the subnet does not have an execution proxy.

Enable Global Capsule

Yes

Search for Remote Execution proxy outside of the proxies assigned to the host. The search is limited to the host’s organization and location.

SSH User

root

Default user to use for SSH. You can override per host by setting the remote_execution_ssh_user parameter.

Effective User

root

Default user to use for executing the script. If the user differs from the SSH user, su or sudo is used to switch the user.

Effective User Method

sudo

The command used to switch to the effective user. One of [sudo, dzdo, su]

Effective user password

*****

Effective user password. See Effective User.

Sync Job Templates

Yes

Whether to sync templates from disk when running db:seed.

SSH Port

22

Port to use for SSH communication. Default port 22. You can override per host by setting the remote_execution_ssh_port parameter.

Connect by IP

No

Whether the IP addresses on host interfaces are preferred over the FQDN. It is useful when the DNS is not resolving the FQDNs properly. You can override this per host by setting the remote_execution_connect_by_ip parameter. For dual-stacked hosts, consider the remote_execution_connect_by_ip_prefer_ipv6 setting.

Prefer IPv6 over IPv4

No

When connecting using an IP address, are IPv6 addresses preferred? If no IPv6 address is set, it falls back to IPv4 automatically. You can override this per host by setting the remote_execution_connect_by_ip_prefer_ipv6 parameter. By default and for compatibility, IPv4 is preferred over IPv6.

Default SSH password

*****

Default password to use for SSH. You can override per host by setting the remote_execution_ssh_password parameter.

Default SSH key passphrase

*****

Default key passphrase to use for SSH. You can override per host by setting the remote_execution_ssh_key_passphrase parameter.

Workers pool size

5

Number of workers in the pool to handle the execution of the remote execution jobs. Restart of the dynflowd/satellite-tasks service is required.

Cleanup working directories

Yes

Whether working directories are removed after task completion. You can override this per host by setting the remote_execution_cleanup_working_dirs parameter.

Cockpit URL

 

Where to find the Cockpit instance for the Web Console button. By default, no button is shown.

Form Job Template

Run Command - SSH Default

Choose a job template that is pre-selected in job invocation form.

Job Invocation Report Template

Jobs - Invocation report template

Select a report template used for generating a report for a particular remote execution job.

A.15. Ansible Settings

SettingDefault ValueDescription

Private Key Path

 

Use this to supply a path to an SSH Private Key that Ansible uses instead of a password. Override with the ansible_ssh_private_key_file host parameter.

Connection type

ssh

Use this connection type by default when running Ansible playbooks. You can override this on hosts by adding the ansible_connection parameter.

WinRM cert Validation

validate

Enable or disable WinRM server certificate validation when running Ansible playbooks. You can override this on hosts by adding the ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation parameter.

Default verbosity level

Disabled

Satellite adds this level of verbosity for additional debugging output when running Ansible playbooks.

Post-provision timeout

360

Timeout (in seconds) to set when Satellite triggers an Ansible roles task playbook after a host is fully provisioned. Set this to the maximum time you expect a host to take until it is ready after a reboot.

Ansible report timeout

30

Timeout (in minutes) when hosts should have reported.

Ansible out of sync disabled

No

Disable host configuration status turning to out of sync for Ansible after a report does not arrive within the configured interval.

Default Ansible inventory report template

Ansible - Ansible Inventory

Satellite uses this template to schedule the report with Ansible inventory.

Ansible roles to ignore

[]

The roles to exclude when importing roles from Capsule. The expected input is comma separated values and you can use * wildcard metacharacters. For example: foo*, *b*, *bar.

Capsule tasks batch size for Ansible

 

Number of tasks which should be sent to the Capsule in one request if satellite_tasks_proxy_batch_trigger is enabled. If set, it overrides satellite_tasks_proxy_batch_size setting for Ansible jobs.

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