Custom tasks and work item handlers in Business Central

Red Hat Process Automation Manager 7.5

Red Hat Customer Content Services

Abstract

This document describes how to create, customize and manage custom tasks and work item handlers in Business Central in Red Hat Process Automation Manager 7.5.

Preface

As a business rules developer, you can create custom tasks and work item handlers in Business Central to execute custom code within your process flows and extend the operations available for use in Red Hat Process Automation Manager. You can use custom tasks to develop operations that Red Hat Process Automation Manager does not directly provide and include them in process diagrams.

In Business Central, each task in a process diagram has a WorkItem Java class with an associated WorkItemHandler Java class. The work item handler contains Java code registered with Business Central and implements org.kie.api.runtime.process.WorkItemHandler.

The Java code of the work item handler is executed when the task is triggered. You can customize and register a work item handler to execute your own Java code in custom tasks.

Prerequisites

  • Business Central is deployed and is running on a web or application server.
  • You are logged in to Business Central.
  • Maven is installed.
  • The host has access to the Internet. The build process uses the Internet for downloading Maven packages from external repositories.
  • Your system has access to the Red Hat Maven repository either locally or online

Chapter 1. Managing service tasks in Business Central

Service tasks (work items) are tasks that you can customize and reuse across multiple business processes or across all projects in Business Central. Red Hat Process Automation Manager provides a set of service tasks within the service task repository in Business Central. You can enable or disable the default service tasks and upload custom service tasks into Business Central to implement the tasks in the relevant processes.

Note

Red Hat Process Automation Manager includes a limited set of supported custom tasks. Custom tasks that are not included in Red Hat Process Automation Manager are not supported.

Procedure

  1. In Business Central, select the Admin icon in the top-right corner of the screen and select Service Tasks Administration.

    This page lists the service task installation settings and available service tasks for processes in projects throughout Business Central. The service tasks that you enable on this page become available in the project-level settings where you can then install each service task to be used in processes. The way in which the service tasks are installed in a project is determined by the global settings that you enable or disable under Settings on this Service Tasks Administration page.

  2. Under Settings, enable or disable each setting to determine how the available service tasks will be implemented when a user installs them at the project level.

    The following service task settings are available:

    • Install as Maven artifact: Uploads the service task JAR file to the Maven repository that is configured with Business Central, if the file is not already present.
    • Install service task dependencies into project: Adds any service task dependencies to the pom.xml file of the project where the task is installed.
    • Use version range when installing service task into project: Uses a version range instead of a fixed version of a service task that is added as a project dependency. Example: [7.16,) instead of 7.16.0.Final
  3. Enable or disable (set to ON or OFF) any available service tasks as needed. Service tasks that you enable will be displayed in project-level settings for all projects in Business Central.

    Figure 1.1. Enable service tasks and service task settings

    Service Tasks Administration page
  4. To add a custom service task, click Add Service Task, browse to the relevant JAR file, and click the Upload icon. The JAR file must contain work item handler implementations annotated with @Wid.
  5. After you configure all required service tasks, navigate to a project in Business Central and go to the project SettingsService Tasks page to view the available service tasks that you enabled.
  6. For each service task, click Install to make the task available to the processes in that project or click Uninstall to exclude the task from the processes in the project.
  7. If you are prompted for additional information when you install a service task, enter the required information and click Install again.

    The required parameters for the service task depend on the type of task. For example, rule and decision tasks require artifact GAV information (Group ID, Artifact ID, Version), email tasks require host and port access information, and REST tasks require API credentials. Other service tasks might not require any additional parameters.

    Figure 1.2. Install service tasks for use in processes

    Project-level service task settings
  8. Click Save.
  9. Return to the project page, select or add a business process in the project, and in the process designer palette, select the Service Tasks option to view the available service tasks that you enabled and installed:

    Figure 1.3. Access installed service tasks in process designer

    Service tasks in process designer

Chapter 2. Creating work item handler projects

Create the software project to contain all configurations, mappings, and executable code for the custom task.

You can create a work item handler from scratch or use a Maven archetype to create an example project. Red Hat Process Automation Manager provides the jbpm-workitems-archetype from the Red Hat Maven repository for this purpose.

Procedure

  1. Open the command line and create a directory where you will build your work item handler such as workitem-home:

    $ mkdir workitem-home
  2. Check the Maven settings.xml file and ensure that the Red Hat Maven repository is included in the repository list.

    Note

    Setting up Maven is outside the scope of this guide.

    For example, to add the online Red Hat Maven repository to your Maven settings.xml file:

    <settings>
      <profiles>
        <profile>
          <id>my-profile</id>
          <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
          </activation>
          <repositories>
            <repository>
              <id>redhat-ga</id>
              <url>http://maven.repository.redhat.com/ga/</url>
              <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
              </snapshots>
              <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
              </releases>
            </repository>
            ...
          </repositories>
        </profile>
      </profiles>
      ...
    </settings>
  3. Find the Red Hat library version and perform one of the following tasks:

  4. In the workitem-home directory, execute the following command:

    $ mvn archetype:generate \
    -DarchetypeGroupId=org.jbpm \
    -DarchetypeArtifactId=jbpm-workitems-archetype \
    -DarchetypeVersion=<redhat-library-version> \
    -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT \
    -DgroupId=com.redhat \
    -DartifactId=myworkitem \
    -DclassPrefix=MyWorkItem

    Table 2.1. Parameter descriptions

    ParameterDescription

    -DarchetypeGroupId

    Specific to the archetype and must remain unchanged.

    -DarchetypeArtifactId

    Specific to the archetype and must remain unchanged.

    -DarchetypeVersion

    Red Hat library version that is searched for when Maven attempts to download the jbpm-workitems-archetype artifact.

    -Dversion

    Version of your specific project. For example, 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.

    -DgroupId

    Maven group of your specific project. For example, com.redhat.

    -DartifactId

    Maven ID of your specific project. For example, myworkitem.

    -DclassPrefix

    String added to the beginning of Java classes when Maven generates the classes for easier identification. For example, MyWorkItem.

    A myworkitem folder is created in the workitem-home directory. For example:

    assembly/
      assembly.xml
    src/
      main/
        java/
          com/
            redhat/
              MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler.java
        repository/
        resources/
      test/
        java/
          com/
            redhat/
              MyWorkItemWorkItemHandlerTest.java
              MyWorkItemWorkItemIntegrationTest.java
        resources/
          com/
            redhat/
    pom.xml
  5. Perform the following two items as a workaround for an active bug in the archetype when building artifacts from the generated project:

    • Edit the pom.xml file to remove or comment out the following dependency:

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jbpm</groupId>
        <artifactId>jbpm-workitems-core</artifactId>
        <type>test-jar</type>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
    • Include the -Dmaven.test.skip=true variable when executing Maven builds. For example, $ mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true.

      Note

      This is generally not recommended but is necessary to workaround the bug. For more information about the bug, see Generating Maven jbpm-workitems-archetype fails due to missing "tests" jar.

  6. Add any Maven dependencies required by the work item handler class to the pom.xml file.
  7. To create a deployable JAR for this project, in the parent project folder where the pom.xml file is located, execute the following command:

    $ mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true

    Several files are created in the target/ directory which include the following two main files:

    Table 2.2. File descriptions

    ParameterDescription

    myworkitems-<version>.jar

    Used for direct deployment to Red Hat Process Automation Manager.

    myworkitems-<version>.zip

    Used for deployment using a service repository.

Chapter 3. Work item handler project customization

You can customize the code of a work item handler project. There are two Java methods required by a work item handler, executeWorkItem and abortWorkItem.

Table 3.1. Java method descriptions

Java MethodDescription

executeWorkItem(WorkItem workItem, WorkItemManager manager)

Executed by default when the work item handler is run.

abortWorkItem(WorkItem workItem, WorkItemManager manager)

Executed when the work item is aborted.

In both methods, the WorkItem parameter contains any of the parameters entered into the custom task through a GUI or API call, and the WorkItemManager parameter is responsible for tracking the state of the custom task.

Example code structure

public class MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler extends AbstractLogOrThrowWorkItemHandler {

  public void executeWorkItem(WorkItem workItem, WorkItemManager manager) {
    try {
      RequiredParameterValidator.validate(this.getClass(), workItem);

      // sample parameters
      String sampleParam = (String) workItem.getParameter("SampleParam");
      String sampleParamTwo = (String) workItem.getParameter("SampleParamTwo");

      // complete workitem impl...

      // return results
      String sampleResult = "sample result";
      Map<String, Object> results = new HashMap<String, Object>();
      results.put("SampleResult", sampleResult);
      manager.completeWorkItem(workItem.getId(), results);
    } catch(Throwable cause) {
      handleException(cause);
    }
	}

	@Override
	public void abortWorkItem(WorkItem workItem, WorkItemManager manager) {
    // similar
	}
}

Table 3.2. Parameter descriptions

ParameterDescription

RequiredParameterValidator.validate(this.getClass(), workItem);

Checks that all parameters marked “required” are present. If they are not, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.

String sampleParam = (String) workItem.getParameter("SampleParam");

Example of getting a parameter from the WorkItem class. The name is always a string. For example, WorkItem. In the example, SampleParam is always a string but the object associated with it can be many things and require a cast in order to avoid errors.

// complete workitem impl…

Executes the custom Java code when a parameter is received.

results.put("SampleResult", sampleResult);

Passes results to the custom task. The results are placed in the data output areas of the custom task.

manager.completeWorkItem(workItem.getId(), results);

Marks the work item handler as complete. The WorkItemManager controls the state of the work item and is responsible for getting the WorkItem ID and associate the results with the correct custom task.

abortWorkItem()

Aborts the custom Java code. May be left blank if the work item is not designed to be aborted

Note

Red Hat Process Automation Manager includes a limited set of supported custom tasks. Custom tasks that are not included in Red Hat Process Automation Manager are not supported.

Chapter 4. Work item definitions

Red Hat Process Automation Manager requires a work item definition (WID) file to identify the data fields to show in Business Central and accept API calls. The WID file is a mapping between user interactions with Red Hat Process Automation Manager and the data that is passed to the work item handler. The WID file also handles the UI details such as the name of the custom task, the category it is displayed as on the palette in Business Central, the icon used to designate the custom task, and the work item handler the custom task will map to.

In Red Hat Process Automation Manager you can create a WID file in two ways:

  • Use a @Wid annotation when coding the work item handler.
  • Create a .wid text file. For example, definitions-example.wid.

4.1. @Wid Annotation

The @Wid annotation is automatically created when you generate a work item handler project using the Maven archetype. You can also add the annotation manually.

@Wid Example

@Wid(widfile="MyWorkItemDefinitions.wid",
    name="MyWorkItemDefinitions",
    displayName="MyWorkItemDefinitions", icon="",
    defaultHandler="mvel: new
    com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler()",
    documentation = "myworkitem/index.html",
    parameters={
      @WidParameter(name="SampleParam", required = true),
      @WidParameter(name="SampleParamTwo", required = true)
    }, results={
      @WidResult(name="SampleResult")
    },
    mavenDepends={
      @WidMavenDepends(group="com.redhat",
      artifact="myworkitem",
      version="7.26.0.Final-example-00004")
    },
    serviceInfo={
        @WidService(
                category = "myworkitem",
                description = "${description}",
                keywords = "",
                action = @WidAction(title = "Sample Title"),
                authinfo = @WidAuth(required = true, params = {"SampleParam", "SampleParamTwo"},
                        paramsdescription = {"SampleParam", "SampleParamTwo"},
                        referencesite = "referenceSiteURL")
        )
    }
)

Table 4.1. @Wid descriptions

 Description

@Wid

Top-level annotation to auto-generate WID files.

widfile

Name of the file that is automatically created for the custom task when it is deployed in Red Hat Process Automation Manager.

name

Name of the custom task, used internally. This name must be unique to custom tasks deployed in Red Hat Process Automation Manager.

displayName

Displayed name of the custom task. This name is displayed in the palette in Business Central.

icon

Path from src/main/resources/ to an icon located in the current project. The icon is displayed in the palette in Business Central. The icon, if specified, must be a PNG or GIF file and 16x16 pixels. This value can be left blank to use a default “Service Task” icon.

description

Description of the custom task.

defaultHandler

The work item handler Java class that is linked to the custom task. This entry is in the format <language> : <class>. Red Hat Process Automation Manager recommends using mvel as the language value for this attribute but java can also be used. For more information about mvel, see MVEL Documentation.

documentation

Path to a HTML file in the current project that contains a description of the custom task.

@WidParameter

Child annotation of @Wid. Specifies values that will be populated in the Business Central GUI or expected by API calls as data inputs for the custom task. More than one parameter can be specified:

name - A name for the parameter.

Note

Due to the possibility of this name being used in API calls over transfer methods such as REST or SOAP, this name should not contain spaces or special characters.

required - Boolean value indicating whether the parameter is required for the custom task to execute.

@WidResult

Child annotation of @Wid. Specifies values that will be populated in the Business Central GUI or expected by API calls as data outputs for the custom task. You can specify more than one result:

name - A name for the result.

Note

Due to the possibility of this name being used in API calls over transfer methods such as REST or SOAP, this name should not contain spaces or special characters.

@WidMavenDepends - Child annotation of @Wid. Specifies Maven dependencies that will be required for the correct functioning of the work item handler. You can specify more than one dependency:

group - Maven group ID of the dependency.

artifact - Maven artifact ID of the dependency.

version - Maven version number of the dependency.

@WidService

Child annotation of @Wid. Specifies values that will be populated in the service repository.

category - The UI palette category that the handler will be placed. This value should match the category field of the @Wid annotation.

description - Description of the handler that will be displayed in the service repository.

keywords - Comma-separated list of keywords that apply to the handler. Note: Currently not used by the Business Central service repository.

action - The @WidAction object that describes the handler purpose. Contains the fields title and description.

authinfo - The @WidAuth object that defines the authentication requirement. Optional. Contains the fields required, params, paramsdescription, referencesite.

@WidAction

Object of @WidService that describes the handler purpose.

title - The title for the handler action.

description - The description for the handler action.

@WidAuth

Object of @WidService that defines the authentication required by the handler.

required - The boolean value that determines whether authentication is required.

params - The array containing the authentication parameters required.

paramsdescription - The array containing the descriptions for each authentication parameter.

referencesite - The URL to where the handler documentation can be found. Note: Currently not used by the Business Central service repository.

4.2. Text File

A global WorkDefinitions WID text file is automatically generated by new projects when a business process is added. The WID text file is similar to the JSON format but is not a completely valid JSON file. You can open this file in Business Central. You can create additional WID files by selecting Add Asset > Work item definitions from an existing project.

Text file example

[
  [
    "name" : "MyWorkItemDefinitions",
    "displayName" : "MyWorkItemDefinitions",
    "category" : "",
    "description" : "",
    "defaultHandler" : "mvel: new com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler()",
    "documentation" : "myworkitem/index.html",
    "parameters" : [
      "SampleParam" : new StringDataType(),
      "SampleParamTwo" : new StringDataType()
    ],
    "results" : [
      "SampleResult" : new StringDataType()
    ],
    "mavenDependencies" : [
      "com.redhat:myworkitem:7.26.0.Final-example-00004"
    ],
    "icon" : ""
  ]
]

The file is structured as a plain-text file using a JSON-like structure. The filename extension is .wid.

Table 4.2. Text file descriptions

 Description

name

Name of the custom task, used internally. This name must be unique to custom tasks deployed in Red Hat Process Automation Manager.

displayName

Displayed name of the custom task. This name is displayed in the palette in Business Central.

icon

Path from src/main/resources/ to an icon located in the current project. The icon is displayed in the palette in Business Central. The icon, if specified, must be a PNG or GIF file and 16x16 pixels. This value can be left blank to use a default “Service Task” icon.

category

Name of a category within the Business Central palette under which this custom task is displayed.

description

Description of the custom task.

defaultHandler

The work item handler Java class that is linked to the custom task. This entry is in the format <language> : <class>. Red Hat Process Automation Manager recommends using mvel as the language value for this attribute but java can also be used. For more information about mvel, see MVEL Documentation.

documentation

Path to an HTML file in the current project that contains a description of the custom task.

parameters

Specifies the values to be populated in the Business Central GUI or expected by API calls as data inputs for the custom task. Parameters use the <key> : <DataType> format. Accepted data types are StringDataType(), IntegerDataType(), and ObjectDataType(). More than one parameter can be specified.

results

Specifies the values to be populated in the Business Central GUI or expected by API calls as data outputs for the custom task. Results use the <key> : <DataType> format. Accepted data types are StringDataType(), IntegerDataType(), and ObjectDataType(). More than one result can be specified.

mavenDependencies

Optional: Specifies Maven dependencies required for the correct functioning of the work item handler. Dependencies can also be specified in the work item handler pom.xml file. Dependencies are in the format <group>:<artifact>:<version>. More than one dependency may be specified

Red Hat Process Automation Manager tries to locate a *.wid file in two locations by default:

  • Within Business Central in the project’s top-level global/ directory. This is the location of the default WorkDefinitions.wid file that is created automatically when a project first adds a business process asset.
  • Within Business Central in the project’s src/main/resources/ directory. This is where WID files created within a project in Business Central will be placed. A WID file may be created at any level of a Java package, so a WID file created at a package location of <default> will be created directly inside src/main/resources/ while a WID file created at a package location of com.redhat will be created at src/main/resources/com/redhat/
Warning

Red Hat Process Automation Manager does not validate that the value for the defaultHandler tag is executable or is a valid Java class. Specifying incorrect or invalid classes for this tag will return errors.

Chapter 5. Deploying custom tasks

Work item handlers, as custom code, are created outside of Red Hat Process Automation Manager. To use the code in your custom task, the code must be deployed to the server. Work item handler projects must be Java JAR files that can be placed into a Maven repository.

In Red Hat Process Automation Manager you can deploy custom tasks using three methods:

  • Within a Business Central service task repository. For more information, see Chapter 1, Managing service tasks in Business Central.
  • Within Business Central where you can use both the legacy and current editors to upload the work item handler JAR to the Business Central Maven repository as an artifact.
  • Outside of Business Central, you can manually copy the JAR files into the Maven repository.

5.1. Using a Business Central service task repository

You can enable, disable, and deploy service tasks within a Business Central service task repository. For more information, see Chapter 1, Managing service tasks in Business Central.

5.2. Uploading JAR Artifact to Business Central

You can upload the work item handler JAR to the Business Central Maven repository as an artifact by using the legacy and current editors.

Procedure

  1. In Business Central, select the Admin icon in the top-right corner of the screen and select Artifacts.
  2. Click Upload.
  3. In the Artifact Upload window, click the Choose File icon.
  4. Navigate to the location of the work item handler JAR, select the file and click Open.
  5. In the pop-up dialog, click the Upload icon.

    The artifact is uploaded and can now be viewed on the Artifacts page and referenced.

5.3. Manually copying work item definitions to Business Central Maven repository

Business Central automatically creates or reuses the Maven repository folder. By default the location is based on the location of the user launched Red Hat JBoss EAP. For example, the full default path would be <startup location>/repositories/kie/global. It is possible to replicate a standard Maven repository folder layout of <groupId>/<artifactId>/<versionId>/ in this folder and copy work item handler JAR files to this location. For example:

<startup location>/repositories/kie/global/com/redhat/myworkitem/1.0.0-SNAPSHOT/myworkitems-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Any artifacts copied in this fashion are available to Red Hat Process Automation Manager without a server restart. Viewing the artifact in the Business Central Artifacts page requires clicking Refresh.

Chapter 6. Registering custom tasks

Red Hat Process Automation Manager must know how to associate a custom task work item with the code executed by the work item handler. The work item definition file links the custom task with the work item handler by name and Java class. The work item handler’s Java class has to be registered as usable in Red Hat Process Automation Manager.

Note

Service repositories contain domain-specific services that provide integration of your processes with different types of systems. Registering a custom task is not necessary when using a service repository because the import process registers the custom task.

Red Hat Process Automation Manager creates a WID file by default for projects that contain at least one business process. You can create a WID file when registering a work item handler or edit the default WID file. For more information about WID file locations or formatting, see Chapter 4, Work item definitions.

For non-service repository deployments, work item handlers can be registered in two ways:

  • Registering using the deployment descriptor.
  • Registering using the spring component registration.

6.1. Registering custom tasks using the deployment descriptor inside Business Central

You can register a custom task work item with the work item handler using the deployment descriptor in Business Central.

Procedure

  1. In Business Central, go to MenuDesignProjects and select the project name.
  2. In the project pane, select SettingsDeploymentsWork Item Handlers.
  3. Click Add Work Item Handler.
  4. In the Name field, enter the display name for the custom task.
  5. From the Resolver list, select MVEL, Reflection or Spring.
  6. In the Value field, enter the value based on the resolver type:

    • For MVEL, use the format new <full Java package>.<Java work item handler class name>()

      Example: new com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler()

    • For Reflection, use the format <full Java package>.<Java work item handler class name>

      Example: com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler

    • For Spring, use the format <Spring bean identifier>

      Example: workItemSpringBean

  7. Click Save to save your changes

6.2. Registering custom tasks using the deployment descriptor outside Business Central

You can register a custom task work item with the work item handler using the deployment descriptor outside Business Central.

Procedure

  1. Open the file src/main/resources/META-INF/kie-deployment-descriptor.xml.
  2. Add the following content based on the resolver type under <work-item-handlers>:

    • For MVEL, add the following:

      <work-item-handler>
        <resolver>mvel</resolver>
        <identifier>new com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler()</identifier>
        <parameters/>
        <name>MyWorkItem</name>
      </work-item-handler>
    • For Reflections, add the following:

      <work-item-handler>
        <resolver>reflection</resolver>
        <identifier>com.redhat.MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler</identifier>
        <parameters/>
        <name>MyWorkItem</name>
      </work-item-handler>
    • For Spring, add the following and ensure the identifier is the identifier of a Spring bean:

      <work-item-handler>
        <resolver>spring</resolver>
        <identifier>beanIdentifier</identifier>
        <parameters/>
        <name>MyWorkItem</name>
      </work-item-handler>
      Note

      If you are using Spring to discover and configure Spring beans, it is possible to use an annotation of the org.springframework.stereotype.Component class to automatically register work item handlers.

      Within a work item handler, add the annotation @Component(“<Name>”) before the declaration of the work item handler class. For example: @Component(“MyWorkItem”) public class MyWorkItemWorkItemHandler extends AbstractLogOrThrowWorkItemHandler {

Chapter 7. Placing custom tasks

When a custom task is registered in Red Hat Process Automation Manager it appears in the process designer palette. The custom task is named and categorized according to the entries in its corresponding WID file.

Prerequisites

Procedure

  1. In Business Central, go to MenuDesignProjects and click a project.
  2. Select the business process that you want to add a custom task to.
  3. Select the custom task from the palette and drag it to the BPMN2 diagram.
  4. Optional: Change the custom task attributes. For example, change the data output and input from the corresponding WID file.
Note

If the WID file is not visible in your project and no Work Item Definition object is visible in the Others category of your project, you must register the custom task. For more information about registering a custom task, see Chapter 6, Registering custom tasks.

Appendix A. Versioning information

Documentation last updated on Thursday, October 31, 2019.

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