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Director Installation and Usage
Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8
An end-to-end scenario on using Red Hat OpenStack Platform director to create an OpenStack cloud
Abstract
This guide explains how to install Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8 in an enterprise environment using the Red Hat OpenStack Platform Director. This includes installing the director, planning your environment, and creating an OpenStack environment with the director.
Chapter 1. Introduction
The Red Hat OpenStack Platform director is a toolset for installing and managing a complete OpenStack environment. It is based primarily on the OpenStack project TripleO, which is an abbreviation for "OpenStack-On-OpenStack". This project takes advantage of OpenStack components to install a fully operational OpenStack environment; this includes new OpenStack components that provision and control bare metal systems to use as OpenStack nodes. This provides a simple method for installing a complete Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment that is both lean and robust.
The Red Hat OpenStack Platform director uses two main concepts: an Undercloud and an Overcloud. The Undercloud installs and configures the Overcloud. The next few sections outline the concept of each.
Figure 1.1. Basic Layout of Undercloud and Overcloud
1.1. Undercloud
The Undercloud is the main director node. It is a single-system OpenStack installation that includes components for provisioning and managing the OpenStack nodes that form your OpenStack environment (the Overcloud). The components that form the Undercloud provide the following functions:
- Environment planning - The Undercloud provides planning functions for users to assign Red Hat OpenStack Platform roles, including Compute, Controller, and various storage roles.
- Bare metal system control - The Undercloud uses the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) of each node for power management control and a PXE-based service to discover hardware attributes and install OpenStack to each node. This provides a method to provision bare metal systems as OpenStack nodes.
- Orchestration - The Undercloud provides and reads a set of YAML templates to create an OpenStack environment.
The Red Hat OpenStack Platform director performs these Undercloud functions through a terminal-based command line interface.
The Undercloud consists of the following components:
- OpenStack Bare Metal (ironic) and OpenStack Compute (nova) - Manages bare metal nodes.
- OpenStack Networking (neutron) and Open vSwitch - Controls networking for bare metal nodes.
- OpenStack Image Service (glance) - Stores images that are written to bare metal machines.
- OpenStack Orchestration (heat) and Puppet - Provides orchestration of nodes and configuration of nodes after the director writes the Overcloud image to disk.
- OpenStack Telemetry (ceilometer) - Performs monitoring and data collection.
- OpenStack Identity (keystone) - Provides authentication and authorization for the director's components.
- MariaDB - The database back end for the director.
- RabbitMQ - Messaging queue for the director's components.
1.2. Overcloud
The Overcloud is the resulting Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment created using the Undercloud. This includes one or more of the following node types:
- Controller - Nodes that provide administration, networking, and high availability for the OpenStack environment. An ideal OpenStack environment recommends three of these nodes together in a high availability cluster.A default Controller node contains the following components: horizon, keystone, nova API, neutron server, Open vSwitch, glance, cinder volume, cinder API, swift storage, swift proxy, heat engine, heat API, ceilometer, MariaDB, RabbitMQ. The Controller also uses Pacemaker and Galera for high availability services.
- Compute - These nodes provide computing resources for the OpenStack environment. You can add more Compute nodes to scale out your environment over time.A default Compute node contains the following components: nova Compute, nova KVM, ceilometer agent, Open vSwitch
- Storage - Nodes that provide storage for the OpenStack environment. This includes nodes for:
- Ceph Storage nodes - Used to form storage clusters. Each node contains a Ceph Object Storage Daemon (OSD). In addition, the director installs Ceph Monitor onto the Controller nodes in situations where it deploys Ceph Storage nodes.
- Block storage (cinder) - Used as external block storage for HA Controller nodes. This node contains the following components: cinder volume, ceilometer agent, Open vSwitch.
- Object storage (swift) - These nodes provide a external storage layer for Openstack Swift. The Controller nodes access these nodes through the Swift proxy. This node contains the following components: swift storage, ceilometer agent, Open vSwitch.
1.3. High Availability
The Red Hat OpenStack Platform director uses a Controller node cluster to provide high availability services to your OpenStack Platform environment. The director installs a duplicate set of components on each Controller node and manages them together as a single service. This type of cluster configuration provides a fallback in the event of operational failures on a single Controller node; this provides OpenStack users with a certain degree of continuous operation.
The OpenStack Platform director uses some key pieces of software to manage components on the Controller node:
- Pacemaker - Pacemaker is a cluster resource manager. Pacemaker manages and monitors the availability of OpenStack components across all nodes in the cluster.
- HAProxy - Provides load balancing and proxy services to the cluster.
- Galera - Replicates the Red Hat OpenStack Platform database across the cluster.
- Memcached - Provides database caching.
Note
Red Hat OpenStack Platform director automatically configures the bulk of high availability on Controller nodes. However, the nodes require some manual configuration to enable fencing and power management controls. This guide includes these instructions.
1.4. Ceph Storage
It is common for large organizations using OpenStack to serve thousands of clients or more. Each OpenStack client is likely to have their own unique needs when consuming block storage resources. Deploying glance (images), cinder (volumes) and/or nova (Compute) on a single node can become impossible to manage in large deployments with thousands of clients. Scaling OpenStack externally resolves this challenge.
However, there is also a practical requirement to virtualize the storage layer with a solution like Red Hat Ceph Storage so that you can scale the Red Hat OpenStack Platform storage layer from tens of terabytes to petabytes (or even exabytes) of storage. Red Hat Ceph Storage provides this storage virtualization layer with high availability and high performance while running on commodity hardware. While virtualization might seem like it comes with a performance penalty, Ceph stripes block device images as objects across the cluster; this means large Ceph Block Device images have better performance than a standalone disk. Ceph Block devices also support caching, copy-on-write cloning, and copy-on-read cloning for enhanced performance.
See Red Hat Ceph Storage for additional information about Red Hat Ceph Storage.
Chapter 2. Requirements
This chapter outlines the main requirements for setting up an environment to provision Red Hat OpenStack Platform using the director. This includes the requirements for setting up the director, accessing it, and the hardware requirements for hosts that the director provisions for OpenStack services.
Note
Prior to deploying Red Hat OpenStack Platform, it is important to consider the characteristics of the available deployment methods. For more information, refer to the recommended best practices for installing Red Hat OpenStack Platform.
2.1. Environment Requirements
Minimum Requirements
- 1 host machine for the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director
- 1 host machine for a Red Hat OpenStack Platform Compute node
- 1 host machine for a Red Hat OpenStack Platform Controller node
Recommended Requirements
- 1 host machine for the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director
- 3 host machines for Red Hat OpenStack Platform Compute nodes
- 3 host machines for Red Hat OpenStack Platform Controller nodes in a cluster
- 3 host machines for Red Hat Ceph Storage nodes in a cluster
Note the following:
- It is recommended to use bare metal systems for all nodes. At minimum, the Compute nodes require bare metal systems.
- All Overcloud bare metal systems require an Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI). This is because the director controls the power management.
2.2. Undercloud Requirements
The Undercloud system hosting the director provides provisioning and management for all nodes in the Overcloud.
- An 8-core 64-bit x86 processor with support for the Intel 64 or AMD64 CPU extensions.
- A minimum of 16 GB of RAM.
- A minimum of 40 GB of available disk space. Make sure to leave at least 10 GB free space before attempting an Overcloud deployment or update. This free space accommodates image conversion and caching during the node provisioning process.
- A minimum of 2 x 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards. However, it is recommended to use a 10 Gbps interface for
Provisioning networktraffic, especially if provisioning a large number of nodes in your Overcloud environment. - Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2 or later installed as the host operating system.
Important
Ensure the Undercloud's file system only contains a root and swap partitions if using Logical Volume Management (LVM). For more information, see the Red Hat Customer Portal article "Director node fails to boot after undercloud installation".
2.3. Networking Requirements
The Undercloud host requires at least two networks:
Provisioning Network- This is a private network the director uses to provision and manage the Overcloud nodes. The Provisioning network provides DHCP and PXE boot functions to help discover bare metal systems for use in the Overcloud. This network must use a native VLAN on a trunked interface so that the director serves PXE boot and DHCP requests. This is also the network you use to control power management through Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) on all Overcloud nodes.External Network- A separate network for remote connectivity to all nodes. The interface connecting to this network requires a routable IP address, either defined statically, or dynamically through an external DHCP service.
This represents the minimum number of networks required. However, the director can isolate other Red Hat OpenStack Platform network traffic into other networks. Red Hat OpenStack Platform supports both physical interfaces and tagged VLANs for network isolation. For more information on network isolation, see Section 3.2, “Planning Networks”.
Note the following:
- Typical minimal Overcloud network configuration can include:
- Single NIC configuration - One NIC for the Provisioning network on the native VLAN and tagged VLANs that use subnets for the different Overcloud network types.
- Dual NIC configuration - One NIC for the Provisioning network and the other NIC for the External network.
- Dual NIC configuration - One NIC for the Provisioning network on the native VLAN and the other NIC for tagged VLANs that use subnets for the different Overcloud network types.
- Multiple NIC configuration - Each NIC uses a subnet for a different Overcloud network type.
- Additional physical NICs can be used for isolating individual networks, creating bonded interfaces, or for delegating tagged VLAN traffic.
- If using VLANs to isolate your network traffic types, use a switch that supports 802.1Q standards to provide tagged VLANs.
- During the Overcloud creation, you will refer to NICs using a single name across all Overcloud machines. Ideally, you should use the same NIC on each Overcloud node for each respective network to avoid confusion. For example, use the primary NIC for the Provisioning network and the secondary NIC for the OpenStack services.
- Make sure the Provisioning network NIC is not the same NIC used for remote connectivity on the director machine. The director installation creates a bridge using the Provisioning NIC, which drops any remote connections. Use the External NIC for remote connections to the director system.
- The Provisioning network requires an IP range that fits your environment size. Use the following guidelines to determine the total number of IP addresses to include in this range:
- Include at least one IP address per node connected to the Provisioning network.
- If planning a high availability configuration, include an extra IP address for the virtual IP of the cluster.
- Include additional IP addresses within the range for scaling the environment.
Note
Duplicate IP addresses should be avoided on the Provisioning network. For more information, see Section 11.4, “Troubleshooting IP Address Conflicts on the Provisioning Network”.Note
For more information on planning your IP address usage, for example, for storage, provider, and tenant networks, see the Networking Guide. - Set all Overcloud systems to PXE boot off the Provisioning NIC, and disable PXE boot on the External NIC (and any other NICs on the system). Also ensure that the Provisioning NIC has
PXE bootat the top of the boot order, ahead of hard disks and CD/DVD drives. - All Overcloud bare metal systems require an Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) connected to the Provisioning network, as this allows the director to control the power management of each node.
- Make a note of the following details for each Overcloud system: the MAC address of the Provisioning NIC, the IP address of the IPMI NIC, IPMI username, and IPMI password. This information will be useful later when setting up the Overcloud nodes.
- If an instance needs to be accessible from the external internet, you can allocate a floating IP address from a public network and associate it with an instance. The instance still retains its private IP but network traffic uses NAT to traverse through to the floating IP address. Note that a floating IP address can only be assigned to a single instance rather than multiple private IP addresses. However, the floating IP address is reserved only for use by a single tenant, allowing the tenant to associate or disassociate with a particular instance as required. This configuration exposes your infrastructure to the external internet. As a result, you might need to check that you are following suitable security practices.
- To mitigate the risk of network loops in Open vSwitch, only a single interface or a single bond may be a member of a given bridge. If you require multiple bonds or interfaces, you can configure multiple bridges.
Important
Your OpenStack Platform implementation is only as secure as its environment. Follow good security principles in your networking environment to ensure that network access is properly controlled. For example:
- Use network segmentation to mitigate network movement and isolate sensitive data; a flat network is much less secure.
- Restrict services access and ports to a minimum.
- Ensure proper firewall rules and password usage.
- Ensure that SELinux is enabled.
For details on securing your system, see:
2.4. Overcloud Requirements
The following sections detail the requirements for individual systems and nodes in the Overcloud installation.
Note
Booting an overcloud node from the SAN (FC-AL, FCoE, iSCSI) is not yet supported.
2.4.1. Compute Node Requirements
Compute nodes are responsible for running virtual machine instances after they are launched. Compute nodes must support hardware virtualization. Compute nodes must also have enough memory and disk space to support the requirements of the virtual machine instances they host.
- Processor
- 64-bit x86 processor with support for the Intel 64 or AMD64 CPU extensions, and the AMD-V or Intel VT hardware virtualization extensions enabled. It is recommended this processor has a minimum of 4 cores.
- Memory
- A minimum of 6 GB of RAM.Add additional RAM to this requirement based on the amount of memory that you intend to make available to virtual machine instances.
- Disk Space
- A minimum of 40 GB of available disk space.
- Network Interface Cards
- A minimum of one 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards, although it is recommended to use at least two NICs in a production environment. Use additional network interface cards for bonded interfaces or to delegate tagged VLAN traffic.
- Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
- Each Compute node requires IPMI functionality on the server's motherboard.
2.4.2. Controller Node Requirements
Controller nodes are responsible for hosting the core services in a RHEL OpenStack Platform environment, such as the Horizon dashboard, the back-end database server, Keystone authentication, and High Availability services.
- Processor
- 64-bit x86 processor with support for the Intel 64 or AMD64 CPU extensions.
- Memory
- A minimum of 32 GB of RAM for each Controller node. For optimal performance, it is recommended to use 64 GB for each Controller node.
Important
The amount of recommended memory depends on the number of CPU cores. A greater number of CPU cores requires more memory. For more information on measuring memory requirements, see "Red Hat OpenStack Platform Hardware Requirements for Highly Available Controllers" on the Red Hat Customer Portal. - Disk Space
- A minimum of 40 GB of available disk space.
- Network Interface Cards
- A minimum of 2 x 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards. Use additional network interface cards for bonded interfaces or to delegate tagged VLAN traffic.
- Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
- Each Controller node requires IPMI functionality on the server's motherboard.
2.4.3. Ceph Storage Node Requirements
Ceph Storage nodes are responsible for providing object storage in a RHEL OpenStack Platform environment.
- Processor
- 64-bit x86 processor with support for the Intel 64 or AMD64 CPU extensions.
- Memory
- Memory requirements depend on the amount of storage space. Ideally, use at minimum 1 GB of memory per 1 TB of hard disk space.
- Disk Space
- Storage requirements depends on the amount of memory. Ideally, use at minimum 1 GB of memory per 1 TB of hard disk space.
- Disk Layout
- The recommended Red Hat Ceph Storage node configuration requires a disk layout similar to the following:
/dev/sda- The root disk. The director copies the main Overcloud image to the disk./dev/sdb- The journal disk. This disk divides into partitions for Ceph OSD journals. For example,/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdb2,/dev/sdb3, and onward. The journal disk is usually a solid state drive (SSD) to aid with system performance./dev/sdcand onward - The OSD disks. Use as many disks as necessary for your storage requirements.
This guide contains the necessary instructions to map your Ceph Storage disks into the director. - Network Interface Cards
- A minimum of one 1 Gbps Network Interface Cards, although it is recommended to use at least two NICs in a production environment. Use additional network interface cards for bonded interfaces or to delegate tagged VLAN traffic. It is recommended to use a 10 Gbps interface for storage node, especially if creating an OpenStack Platform environment that serves a high volume of traffic.
- Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
- Each Ceph node requires IPMI functionality on the server's motherboard.
Important
The director does not create partitions on the journal disk. You must manually create these journal partitions before the Director can deploy the Ceph Storage nodes.
The Ceph Storage OSDs and journals partitions require GPT disk labels, which you also configure prior to customization. For example, use the following command on the potential Ceph Storage host to create a GPT disk label for a disk or partition:
# parted [device] mklabel gpt
2.5. Repository Requirements
Both the Undercloud and Overcloud require access to Red Hat repositories either through the Red Hat Content Delivery Network, or through Red Hat Satellite 5 or 6. If using a Red Hat Satellite Server, synchronize the required repositories to your OpenStack Platform environment. Use the following list of CDN channel names as a guide:
Table 2.1. OpenStack Platform Repositories
|
Name
|
Repository
|
Description of Requirement
|
|---|---|---|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-rpms
|
Base operating system repository.
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - Extras (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-extras-rpms
|
Contains Red Hat OpenStack Platform dependencies.
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server - RH Common (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-rh-common-rpms
|
Contains tools for deploying and configuring Red Hat OpenStack Platform.
|
|
Red Hat Satellite Tools for RHEL 7 Server RPMs x86_64
| rhel-7-server-satellite-tools-6.1-rpms
|
Tools for managing hosts with Red Hat Satellite 6.
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability (for RHEL 7 Server) (RPMs)
| rhel-ha-for-rhel-7-server-rpms
|
High availability tools for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Used for Controller node high availability.
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 8 director for RHEL 7 (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-openstack-8-director-rpms
|
Red Hat OpenStack Platform director repository. Red Hat OpenStack Platform director repository. Also provides some tools for use on director-deployed Overclouds.
|
|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 8 for RHEL 7 (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-openstack-8-rpms
|
Core Red Hat OpenStack Platform repository.
|
|
Red Hat Ceph Storage OSD 1.3 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-rhceph-1.3-osd-rpms
|
(For Ceph Storage Nodes) Repository for Ceph Storage Object Storage daemon. Installed on Ceph Storage nodes.
|
|
Red Hat Ceph Storage MON 1.3 for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server (RPMs)
| rhel-7-server-rhceph-1.3-mon-rpms
|
(For Ceph Storage Nodes) Repository for Ceph Storage Monitor daemon. Installed on Controller nodes in OpenStack environments using Ceph Storage nodes.
|
Note
To configure repositories for your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment in an offline network, see "Configuring Red Hat OpenStack Platform Director in an Offline Environment" on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Chapter 3. Planning your Overcloud
The following section provides some guidelines on planning various aspects of your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment. This includes defining node roles, planning your network topology, and storage.
3.1. Planning Node Deployment Roles
The director provides multiple default node types for building your Overcloud. These node types are:
- Controller
- Provides key services for controlling your environment. This includes the dashboard (horizon), authentication (keystone), image storage (glance), networking (neutron), orchestration (heat), and high availability services.
Note
Environments with one node can be used for testing purposes. Environments with two nodes or more than three nodes are not supported. - Compute
- A physical server that acts as a hypervisor, and provides the processing capabilities required for running virtual machines in the environment. A basic Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment requires at least one Compute node.
- Ceph-Storage
- A host that provides Red Hat Ceph Storage. Additional Ceph Storage hosts scale into a cluster. This deployment role is optional.
- Cinder-Storage
- A host that provides external block storage for OpenStack's cinder service. This deployment role is optional.
- Swift-Storage
- A host that provides external object storage for OpenStack's Swift service. This deployment role is optional.
The following table provides some example of different Overclouds and defines the node types for each scenario.
Table 3.1. Node Deployment Roles for Scenarios
| |
Controller
|
Compute
|
Ceph-Storage
|
Swift-Storage
|
Cinder-Storage
|
Total
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Small Overcloud
|
1
|
1
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
|
Medium Overcloud
|
1
|
3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
4
|
|
Medium Overcloud with additional Object and Block storage
|
1
|
3
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
|
Medium Overcloud with High Availability
|
3
|
3
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
6
|
|
Medium Overcloud with High Availability and Ceph Storage
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
-
|
-
|
9
|
3.2. Planning Networks
It is important to plan your environment's networking topology and subnets so that you can properly map roles and services to correctly communicate with each other. Red Hat OpenStack Platform uses the neutron networking service, which operates autonomously and manages software-based networks, static and floating IP addresses, and DHCP. The director deploys this service on each Controller node in an Overcloud environment.
Red Hat OpenStack Platform maps the different services onto separate network traffic types, which are assigned to the various subnets in your environments. These network traffic types include:
Table 3.2. Network Type Assignments
|
Network Type
|
Description
|
Used By
|
|---|---|---|
|
IPMI
|
Network used for power management of nodes. This network is predefined before the installation of the Undercloud.
|
All nodes
|
|
Provisioning
|
The director uses this network traffic type to deploy new nodes over PXE boot and orchestrate the installation of OpenStack Platform on the Overcloud bare metal servers. This network is predefined before the installation of the Undercloud.
|
All nodes
|
|
Internal API
|
The Internal API network is used for communication between the OpenStack services using API communication, RPC messages, and database communication.
|
Controller, Compute, Cinder Storage, Swift Storage
|
|
Tenant
|
Neutron provides each tenant with their own networks using either VLAN segregation (where each tenant network is a network VLAN), or tunneling (through VXLAN or GRE). Network traffic is isolated within each tenant network. Each tenant network has an IP subnet associated with it, and network namespaces means that multiple tenant networks can use the same address range without causing conflicts.
|
Controller, Compute
|
|
Storage
|
Block Storage, NFS, iSCSI, and others. Ideally, this would be isolated to an entirely separate switch fabric for performance reasons.
|
All nodes
|
|
Storage Management
|
OpenStack Object Storage (swift) uses this network to synchronize data objects between participating replica nodes. The proxy service acts as the intermediary interface between user requests and the underlying storage layer. The proxy receives incoming requests and locates the necessary replica to retrieve the requested data. Services that use a Ceph backend connect over the Storage Management network, since they do not interact with Ceph directly but rather use the frontend service. Note that the RBD driver is an exception, as this traffic connects directly to Ceph.
|
Controller, Ceph Storage, Cinder Storage, Swift Storage
|
|
External
|
Hosts the OpenStack Dashboard (horizon) for graphical system management, the public APIs for OpenStack services, and performs SNAT for incoming traffic destined for instances. If the external network uses private IP addresses (as per RFC-1918), then further NAT must be performed for traffic originating from the internet.
|
Controller
|
|
Floating IP
|
Allows incoming traffic to reach instances using 1-to-1 IP address mapping between the floating IP address, and the IP address actually assigned to the instance in the tenant network. If hosting the Floating IPs on a VLAN separate from
External, you can trunk the Floating IP VLAN to the Controller nodes and add the VLAN through Neutron after Overcloud creation. This provides a means to create multiple Floating IP networks attached to multiple bridges. The VLANs are trunked but are not configured as interfaces. Instead, neutron creates an OVS port with the VLAN segmentation ID on the chosen bridge for each Floating IP network.
|
Controller
|
|
Management
|
Provides access for system administration functions such as SSH access, DNS traffic, and NTP traffic. This network also acts as a gateway for non-Controller nodes.
|
All nodes
|
In a typical Red Hat OpenStack Platform installation, the number of network types often exceeds the number of physical network links. In order to connect all the networks to the proper hosts, the Overcloud uses VLAN tagging to deliver more than one network per interface. Most of the networks are isolated subnets but some require a Layer 3 gateway to provide routing for Internet access or infrastructure network connectivity.
Note
It is recommended that you deploy a project network (tunneled with GRE or VXLAN) even if you intend to use a neutron VLAN mode (with tunneling disabled) at deployment time. This requires minor customization at deployment time and leaves the option available to use tunnel networks as utility networks or virtualization networks in the future. You still create Tenant networks using VLANs, but you can also create VXLAN tunnels for special-use networks without consuming tenant VLANs. It is possible to add VXLAN capability to a deployment with a Tenant VLAN, but it is not possible to add a Tenant VLAN to an existing Overcloud without causing disruption.
The director provides a method for mapping six of these traffic types to certain subnets or VLANs. These traffic types include:
- Internal API
- Storage
- Storage Management
- Tenant Networks
- External
- Management
Any unassigned networks are automatically assigned to the same subnet as the Provisioning network.
The diagram below provides an example of a network topology where the networks are isolated on separate VLANs. Each Overcloud node uses two interfaces (
nic2 and nic3) in a bond to deliver these networks over their respective VLANs. Meanwhile, each Overcloud node communicates with the Undercloud over the Provisioning network through a native VLAN using nic1.
Figure 3.1. Example VLAN Topology using Bonded Interfaces
The following table provides examples of network traffic mappings different network layouts:
Table 3.3. Network Mappings
| |
Mappings
|
Total Interfaces
|
Total VLANs
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Flat Network with External Access
|
Network 1 - Provisioning, Internal API, Storage, Storage Management, Tenant Networks
Network 2 - External, Floating IP (mapped after Overcloud creation)
|
2
|
2
|
|
Isolated Networks
|
Network 1 - Provisioning
Network 2 - Internal API
Network 3 - Tenant Networks
Network 4 - Storage
Network 5 - Storage Management
Network 6 - Management
Network 7 - External, Floating IP (mapped after Overcloud creation)
|
3 (includes 2 bonded interfaces)
|
7
|
3.3. Planning Storage
The director provides different storage options for the Overcloud environment. This includes:
- Ceph Storage Nodes
- The director creates a set of scalable storage nodes using Red Hat Ceph Storage. The Overcloud uses these nodes for:
- Images - Glance manages images for VMs. Images are immutable. OpenStack treats images as binary blobs and downloads them accordingly. You can use glance to store images in a Ceph Block Device.
- Volumes - Cinder volumes are block devices. OpenStack uses volumes to boot VMs, or to attach volumes to running VMs. OpenStack manages volumes using Cinder services. You can use Cinder to boot a VM using a copy-on-write clone of an image.
- Guest Disks - Guest disks are guest operating system disks. By default, when you boot a virtual machine with nova, its disk appears as a file on the filesystem of the hypervisor (usually under
/var/lib/nova/instances/<uuid>/). It is possible to boot every virtual machine inside Ceph directly without using cinder, which is advantageous because it allows you to perform maintenance operations easily with the live-migration process. Additionally, if your hypervisor dies it is also convenient to triggernova evacuateand run the virtual machine elsewhere almost seamlessly.
Important
If you want to boot virtual machines in Ceph (ephemeral backend or boot from volume), the glance image format must beRAWformat. Ceph does not support other image formats such as QCOW2 or VMDK for hosting a virtual machine disk.See Red Hat Ceph Storage Architecture Guide for additional information. - Swift Storage Nodes
- The director creates an external object storage node. This is useful in situations where you need to scale or replace controller nodes in your Overcloud environment but need to retain object storage outside of a high availability cluster.
Chapter 4. Installing the Undercloud
The first step to creating your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment is to install the director on the Undercloud system. This involves a few prerequisite steps to enable the necessary subscriptions and repositories.
4.1. Creating a Director Installation User
The director installation process requires a non-root user to execute commands. Use the following commands to create the user named
stack and set a password:
[root@director ~]# useradd stack [root@director ~]# passwd stack # specify a password
Disable password requirements for this user when using
sudo:
[root@director ~]# echo "stack ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:ALL" | tee -a /etc/sudoers.d/stack [root@director ~]# chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/stack
Switch to the new
stack user:
[root@director ~]# su - stack [stack@director ~]$
Continue the director installation as the
stack user.
4.2. Creating Directories for Templates and Images
The director uses system images and Heat templates to create the Overcloud environment. To keep these files organized, we recommend creating directories for images and templates:
$ mkdir ~/images $ mkdir ~/templates
Other sections in this guide use these two directories to store certain files.
4.3. Setting the Hostname for the System
The director requires a fully qualified domain name for its installation and configuration process. This means you may need to set the hostname of your director's host. Check the hostname of your host:
$ hostname # Checks the base hostname $ hostname -f # Checks the long hostname (FQDN)
If either commands do not report the correct hostname or report an error, use
hostnamectl to set a hostname:
$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname manager.example.com $ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname --transient manager.example.com
The director also requires an entry for the system's hostname and base name in
/etc/hosts. For example, if the system is named manager.example.com, then /etc/hosts requires an entry like:
127.0.0.1 manager.example.com manager localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
4.4. Registering your System
To install the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director, first register the host system using Red Hat Subscription Manager, and subscribe to the required channels.
Procedure 4.1. Subscribing to the Required Channels Using Subscription Manager
- Register your system with the Content Delivery Network, entering your Customer Portal user name and password when prompted:
$ sudo subscription-manager register
- Find the entitlement pool for the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director.
$ sudo subscription-manager list --available --all
- Use the pool ID located in the previous step to attach the Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8 entitlements:
$ sudo subscription-manager attach --pool=pool_id
- Disable all default repositories, and then enable the required Red Hat Enterprise Linux repositories:
$ sudo subscription-manager repos --disable=* $ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-extras-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-openstack-8-rpms --enable=rhel-7-server-openstack-8-director-rpms --enable rhel-7-server-rh-common-rpms
These repositories contain packages the director installation requires.Important
Only enable the repositories listed above. Additional repositories can cause package and software conflicts. Do not enable any additional repositories. - Perform an update on your system to make sure you have the latest base system packages:
$ sudo yum update -y $ sudo reboot
The system is now ready for the director installation.
4.5. Installing the Director Packages
Use the following command to install the required command line tools for director installation and configuration:
[stack@director ~]$ sudo yum install -y python-tripleoclient
This installs all packages required for the director installation.
4.6. Configuring the Director
The director installation process requires certain settings to determine your network configurations. The settings are stored in a template located in the
stack user's home directory as undercloud.conf.
Red Hat provides a basic template to help determine the required settings for your installation. Copy this template to the
stack user's home directory:
$ cp /usr/share/instack-undercloud/undercloud.conf.sample ~/undercloud.conf
The basic template contains the following parameters:
- local_ip
- The IP address defined for the director's Provisioning NIC. This is also the IP address the director uses for its DHCP and PXE boot services. Leave this value as the default
192.0.2.1/24unless you are using a different subnet for the Provisioning network, for example, if it conflicts with an existing IP address or subnet in your environment. - network_gateway
- The gateway for the Overcloud instances. This is the Undercloud host, which forwards traffic to the External network. Leave this as the default
192.0.2.1unless you are either using a different IP address for the director or want to directly use an external gateway.Note
The director's configuration script also automatically enables IP forwarding using the relevantsysctlkernel parameter. - undercloud_public_vip
- The IP address defined for the director's Public API. Use an IP address on the Provisioning network that does not conflict with any other IP addresses or address ranges. For example,
192.0.2.2. The director configuration attaches this IP address to its software bridge as a routed IP address, which uses the/32netmask. - undercloud_admin_vip
- The IP address defined for the director's Admin API. Use an IP address on the Provisioning network that does not conflict with any other IP addresses or address ranges. For example,
192.0.2.3. The director configuration attaches this IP address to its software bridge as a routed IP address, which uses the/32netmask. - undercloud_service_certificate
- The location and filename of the certificate for OpenStack SSL communication. Ideally, you obtain this certificate from a trusted certificate authority. Otherwise generate your own self-signed certificate using the guidelines in Appendix A, SSL/TLS Certificate Configuration. These guidelines also contain instructions on setting the SELinux context for your certificate, whether self-signed or from an authority.
- local_interface
- The chosen interface for the director's Provisioning NIC. This is also the device the director uses for its DHCP and PXE boot services. Change this value to your chosen device. To see which device is connected, use the
ip addrcommand. For example, this is the result of anip addrcommand:2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:75:24:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.178/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 3462sec preferred_lft 3462sec inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe75:2409/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 42:0b:c2:a5:c1:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffIn this example, the External NIC useseth0and the Provisioning NIC useseth1, which is currently not configured. In this case, set thelocal_interfacetoeth1. The configuration script attaches this interface to a custom bridge defined with theinspection_interfaceparameter. - network_cidr
- The network that the director uses to manage Overcloud instances. This is the Provisioning network. Leave this as the default
192.0.2.0/24unless you are using a different subnet for the Provisioning network. - masquerade_network
- Defines the network that will masquerade for external access. This provides the Provisioning network with a degree of network address translation (NAT) so that it has external access through the director. Leave this as the default (
192.0.2.0/24) unless you are using a different subnet for the Provisioning network. - dhcp_start, dhcp_end
- The start and end of the DHCP allocation range for Overcloud nodes. Ensure this range contains enough IP addresses to allocate your nodes.
- inspection_interface
- The bridge the director uses for node introspection. This is custom bridge that the director configuration creates. The
LOCAL_INTERFACEattaches to this bridge. Leave this as the defaultbr-ctlplane. - inspection_iprange
- A range of IP address that the director's introspection service uses during the PXE boot and provisioning process. Use comma-separated values to define the start and end of this range. For example,
192.0.2.100,192.0.2.120. Make sure this range contains enough IP addresses for your nodes and does not conflict with the range fordhcp_startanddhcp_end. - inspection_extras
- Defines whether to enable extra hardware collection during the inspection process. Requires
python-hardwareorpython-hardware-detectpackage on the introspection image. - inspection_runbench
- Runs a set of benchmarks during node introspection. Set to
trueto enable. This option is necessary if you intend to perform benchmark analysis when inspecting the hardware of registered nodes. See Appendix C, Automatic Profile Tagging for more details. - undercloud_debug
- Sets the log level of Undercloud services to
DEBUG. Set this value totrueto enable. - enable_tempest
- Defines whether to install the validation tools. The default is set to
false, but you can can enable usingtrue. - ipxe_deploy
- Defines whether to use iPXE or standard PXE. The default is
true, which enables iPXE. Set tofalseto set to standard PXE. For more information, see "Changing from iPXE to PXE in Red Hat OpenStack Platform director" on the Red Hat Customer Portal. - store_events
- Defines whether to store events in Ceilometer on the Undercloud.
- undercloud_db_password, undercloud_admin_token, undercloud_admin_password, undercloud_glance_password, etc
- The remaining parameters are the access details for all of the director's services. No change is required for the values. The director's configuration script automatically generates these values if blank in
undercloud.conf. You can retrieve all values after the configuration script completes.Important
The configuration file examples for these parameters use<None>as a placeholder value. Setting these values to<None>leads to a deployment error.
Modify the values for these parameters to suit your network. When complete, save the file and run the following command:
$ openstack undercloud install
This launches the director's configuration script. The director installs additional packages and configures its services to suit the settings in the
undercloud.conf. This script takes several minutes to complete.
The configuration script generates two files when complete:
undercloud-passwords.conf- A list of all passwords for the director's services.stackrc- A set of initialization variables to help you access the director's command line tools.
To initialize the
stack user to use the command line tools, run the following command:
$ source ~/stackrc
You can now use the director's command line tools.
4.7. Obtaining Images for Overcloud Nodes
The director requires several disk images for provisioning Overcloud nodes. This includes:
- An introspection kernel and ramdisk - Used for bare metal system introspection over PXE boot.
- A deployment kernel and ramdisk - Used for system provisioning and deployment.
- An Overcloud kernel, ramdisk, and full image - A base Overcloud system that is written to the node's hard disk.
Obtain these images from the
rhosp-director-images and rhosp-director-images-ipa packages:
$ sudo yum install rhosp-director-images rhosp-director-images-ipa
Copy the new image archives to the
images directory on the stack user's home (/home/stack/images):
$ cp /usr/share/rhosp-director-images/overcloud-full-latest-8.0.tar ~/images/. $ cp /usr/share/rhosp-director-images/ironic-python-agent-latest-8.0.tar ~/images/.
Extract the images from the archives:
$ cd ~/images $ for tarfile in *.tar; do tar -xf $tarfile; done
Import these images into the director:
$ openstack overcloud image upload --image-path /home/stack/images/
This uploads the following images into the director:
bm-deploy-kernel, bm-deploy-ramdisk, overcloud-full, overcloud-full-initrd, overcloud-full-vmlinuz. These are the images for deployment and the Overcloud. The script also installs the introspection images on the director's PXE server.
View a list of the images in the CLI:
$ openstack image list +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | 765a46af-4417-4592-91e5-a300ead3faf6 | bm-deploy-ramdisk | | 09b40e3d-0382-4925-a356-3a4b4f36b514 | bm-deploy-kernel | | ef793cd0-e65c-456a-a675-63cd57610bd5 | overcloud-full | | 9a51a6cb-4670-40de-b64b-b70f4dd44152 | overcloud-full-initrd | | 4f7e33f4-d617-47c1-b36f-cbe90f132e5d | overcloud-full-vmlinuz | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+
This list will not show the introspection PXE images (
discovery-ramdisk.*). The director copies these files to /httpboot.
[stack@host1 ~]$ ls -l /httpboot total 341460 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5153184 Mar 31 06:58 agent.kernel -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 344491465 Mar 31 06:59 agent.ramdisk -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 337 Mar 31 06:23 inspector.ipxe
4.8. Setting a Nameserver on the Undercloud's Neutron Subnet
Overcloud nodes require a nameserver so that they can resolve hostnames through DNS. For a standard Overcloud without network isolation, the nameserver is defined using the Undercloud's
neutron subnet. Use the following commands to define the nameserver for the environment:
$ neutron subnet-list $ neutron subnet-update [subnet-uuid] --dns-nameserver [nameserver-ip]
View the subnet to verify the nameserver:
$ neutron subnet-show [subnet-uuid] +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | ... | | | dns_nameservers | 8.8.8.8 | | ... | | +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
Important
If you aim to isolate service traffic onto separate networks, the Overcloud nodes use the
DnsServer parameter in your network environment templates. This is covered in the advanced configuration scenario in Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File”.
4.9. Backing Up the Undercloud
Red Hat provides a process to back up important data from the Undercloud host and the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director. For more information about Undercloud backups, see the Back Up and Restore Red Hat OpenStack Platform guide.
4.10. Completing the Undercloud Configuration
This completes the Undercloud configuration. The next chapter explores basic Overcloud configuration, including registering nodes, inspecting them, and then tagging them into various node roles.
Chapter 5. Configuring Basic Overcloud Requirements
This chapter provides the basic configuration steps for an enterprise-level OpenStack Platform environment. An Overcloud with a basic onfiguration contains no custom features. However, you can add advanced configuration options to this basic Overcloud and customize it to your specifications using the instructions in Chapter 6, Configuring Advanced Customizations for the Overcloud.
For the examples in this chapter, all nodes in this chapter are bare metal systems using IPMI for power management. For more supported power management types and their options, see Appendix B, Power Management Drivers.
Workflow
- Create a node definition template and register blank nodes in the director.
- Inspect hardware of all nodes.
- Tag nodes into roles.
- Define additional node properties.
Requirements
- The director node created in Chapter 4, Installing the Undercloud
- A set of bare metal machines for your nodes. The number of node required depends on the type of Overcloud you intend to create (see Section 3.1, “Planning Node Deployment Roles” for information on Overcloud roles). These machines also must comply with the requirements set for each node type. For these requirements, see Section 2.4, “Overcloud Requirements”. These nodes do not require an operating system. The director copies a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 image to each node.
- One network connection for our Provisioning network, which is configured as a native VLAN. All nodes must connect to this network and comply with the requirements set in Section 2.3, “Networking Requirements”. For the examples in this chapter, we use 192.0.2.0/24 as the Provisioning subnet with the following IP address assignments:
Table 5.1. Provisioning Network IP Assignments
Node NameIP AddressMAC AddressIPMI IP AddressDirector192.0.2.1aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aaControllerDHCP definedbb:bb:bb:bb:bb:bb192.0.2.205ComputeDHCP definedcc:cc:cc:cc:cc:cc192.0.2.206 - All other network types use the Provisioning network for OpenStack services. However, you can create additional networks for other network traffic types. For more information, see Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks”.
5.1. Registering Nodes for the Overcloud
The director requires a node definition template. This file (
instackenv.json) uses the JSON format file, and contains the hardware and power management details for your nodes.
This template uses the following attributes:
- pm_type
- The power management driver to use. This example uses the IPMI driver (
pxe_ipmitool). - pm_user, pm_password
- The IPMI username and password.
- pm_addr
- The IP address of the IPMI device.
- mac
- (Optional) A list of MAC addresses for the network interfaces on the node. Use only the MAC address for the Provisioning NIC of each system.
- cpu
- (Optional) The number of CPUs on the node.
- memory
- (Optional) The amount of memory in MB.
- disk
- (Optional) The size of the hard disk in GB.
- arch
- (Optional) The system architecture.
For example, a template for registering two nodes might look like this:
{
"nodes":[
{
"mac":[
"bb:bb:bb:bb:bb:bb"
],
"cpu":"4",
"memory":"6144",
"disk":"40",
"arch":"x86_64",
"pm_type":"pxe_ipmitool",
"pm_user":"admin",
"pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
"pm_addr":"192.0.2.205"
},
{
"mac":[
"cc:cc:cc:cc:cc:cc"
],
"cpu":"4",
"memory":"6144",
"disk":"40",
"arch":"x86_64",
"pm_type":"pxe_ipmitool",
"pm_user":"admin",
"pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
"pm_addr":"192.0.2.206"
}
]
}
Note
For more supported power management types and their options, see Appendix B, Power Management Drivers.
After creating the template, save the file to the
stack user's home directory (/home/stack/instackenv.json), then import it into the director using the following command:
$ openstack baremetal import --json ~/instackenv.json
This imports the template and registers each node from the template into the director.
Assign the kernel and ramdisk images to all nodes:
$ openstack baremetal configure boot
The nodes are now registered and configured in the director. View a list of these nodes in the CLI :
$ ironic node-list
5.2. Inspecting the Hardware of Nodes
The director can run an introspection process on each node. This process causes each node to boot an introspection agent over PXE. This agent collects hardware data from the node and sends it back to the director. The director then stores this introspection data in the OpenStack Object Storage (swift) service running on the director. The director uses hardware information for various purposes such as profile tagging, benchmarking, and manual root disk assignment.
Note
You can also create policy files to automatically tag nodes into profiles immediately after introspection. For more information on creating policy files and including them in the introspection process, see Appendix C, Automatic Profile Tagging. Alternatively, you can manually tag nodes into profiles as per the instructions in Section 5.3, “Tagging Nodes into Profiles”.
Run the following command to inspect the hardware attributes of each node:
$ openstack baremetal introspection bulk start
Monitor the progress of the introspection using the following command in a separate terminal window:
$ sudo journalctl -l -u openstack-ironic-inspector -u openstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq -u openstack-ironic-conductor -f
Important
Make sure this process runs to completion. This process usually takes 15 minutes for bare metal nodes.
Alternatively, perform a single introspection on each node individually. Set the node to maintenance mode, perform the introspection, then move the node out of maintenance mode:
$ ironic node-set-maintenance [NODE UUID] true $ openstack baremetal introspection start [NODE UUID] $ ironic node-set-maintenance [NODE UUID] false
5.3. Tagging Nodes into Profiles
After registering and inspecting the hardware of each node, you will tag them into specific profiles. These profile tags match your nodes to flavors, and in turn the flavors are assigned to a deployment role. Default profile flavors
compute, control, swift-storage, ceph-storage, and block-storage are created during Undercloud installation and are usable without modification in most environments.
Note
For a large number of nodes, use automatic profile tagging. See Appendix C, Automatic Profile Tagging for more details.
To tag a node into a specific profile, add a
profile option to the properties/capabilities parameter for each node. For example, to tag your nodes to use Controller and Compute profiles respectively, use the following commands:
$ ironic node-update 58c3d07e-24f2-48a7-bbb6-6843f0e8ee13 add properties/capabilities='profile:compute,boot_option:local' $ ironic node-update 1a4e30da-b6dc-499d-ba87-0bd8a3819bc0 add properties/capabilities='profile:control,boot_option:local'
The addition of the
profile:compute and profile:control options tag the two nodes into each respective profiles.
These commands also set the
boot_option:local parameter, which defines the boot mode for each node.
Important
The director currently does not support UEFI boot mode.
After completing node tagging, check the assigned profiles or possible profiles:
$ openstack overcloud profiles list
5.4. Defining the Root Disk for Nodes
Some nodes might use multiple disks. This means the director needs to identify the disk to use for the root disk during provisioning. There are several properties you can use to help the director identify the root disk:
model(String): Device identifier.vendor(String): Device vendor.serial(String): Disk serial number.wwn(String): Unique storage identifier.hctl(String): Host:Channel:Target:Lun for SCSI.size(Integer): Size of the device in GB.
In this example, you specify the drive to deploy the Overcloud image using the serial number of the disk to determine the root device.
First, collect a copy of each node's hardware information that the director obtained from the introspection. This information is stored in the OpenStack Object Storage server (swift). Download this information to a new directory:
$ mkdir swift-data
$ cd swift-data
$ export IRONIC_DISCOVERD_PASSWORD=`sudo grep admin_password /etc/ironic-inspector/inspector.conf | awk '! /^#/ {print $NF}'`
$ for node in $(ironic node-list | awk '!/UUID/ {print $2}'); do swift -U service:ironic -K $IRONIC_DISCOVERD_PASSWORD download ironic-inspector inspector_data-$node; done
This downloads the data from each
inspector_data object from introspection. All objects use the node UUID as part of the object name:
$ ls -1 inspector_data-15fc0edc-eb8d-4c7f-8dc0-a2a25d5e09e3 inspector_data-46b90a4d-769b-4b26-bb93-50eaefcdb3f4 inspector_data-662376ed-faa8-409c-b8ef-212f9754c9c7 inspector_data-6fc70fe4-92ea-457b-9713-eed499eda206 inspector_data-9238a73a-ec8b-4976-9409-3fcff9a8dca3 inspector_data-9cbfe693-8d55-47c2-a9d5-10e059a14e07 inspector_data-ad31b32d-e607-4495-815c-2b55ee04cdb1 inspector_data-d376f613-bc3e-4c4b-ad21-847c4ec850f8
Check the disk information for each node. The following command displays each node ID and the disk information:
$ for node in $(ironic node-list | awk '!/UUID/ {print $2}'); do echo "NODE: $node" ; cat inspector_data-$node | jq '.inventory.disks' ; echo "-----" ; done
For example, the data for one node might show three disk:
NODE: 46b90a4d-769b-4b26-bb93-50eaefcdb3f4
[
{
"size": 1000215724032,
"vendor": "ATA",
"name": "/dev/sda",
"model": "WDC WD1002F9YZ",
"wwn": "0x0000000000000001",
"serial": "WD-000000000001"
},
{
"size": 1000215724032,
"vendor": "ATA",
"name": "/dev/sdb",
"model": "WDC WD1002F9YZ",
"wwn": "0x0000000000000002",
"serial": "WD-000000000002"
},
{
"size": 1000215724032,
"vendor": "ATA",
"name": "/dev/sdc",
"model": "WDC WD1002F9YZ",
"wwn": "0x0000000000000003",
"serial": "WD-000000000003"
},
]
For this example, set the root device to disk 2, which has
WD-000000000002 as the serial number. This requires a change to the root_device parameter for the node definition:
$ ironic node-update 97e3f7b3-5629-473e-a187-2193ebe0b5c7 add properties/root_device='{"serial": "WD-000000000002"}'
This helps the director identify the specific disk to use as the root disk. When we initiate our Overcloud creation, the director provisions this node and writes the Overcloud image to this disk.
Note
Make sure to configure the BIOS of each node to include booting from the chosen root disk. The recommended boot order is network boot, then root disk boot.
Important
Do not use
name to set the root disk as this value can change when the node boots.
5.5. Completing Basic Configuration
This concludes the required steps for basic configuration of your Overcloud. You can now either:
- Customize your environment using advanced configuration step. See Chapter 6, Configuring Advanced Customizations for the Overcloud for more information.
- Or deploy a basic Overcloud. See Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud for more information.
Important
A basic Overcloud uses local LVM storage for block storage, which is not a supported configuration. It is recommended to use an external storage solution for block storage. For example, see Section 6.7, “Configuring NFS Storage” for configuring an NFS share for block storage.
Chapter 6. Configuring Advanced Customizations for the Overcloud
This chapter follows on from Chapter 5, Configuring Basic Overcloud Requirements. At this point, the director has registered the nodes and configured the necessary services for Overcloud creation. Now you can customize your Overcloud using the methods in this chapter.
Note
The examples in this chapter are optional steps for configuring the Overcloud. These steps are only required to provide the Overcloud with additional functionality. Use only the steps that apply to the needs of your environment.
6.1. Understanding Heat Templates
The custom configurations in this chapter use Heat templates and environment files to define certain aspects of the Overcloud, such as network isolation and network interface configuration. This section provides a basic introduction to heat templates so that you can understand the structure and format of these templates in the context of the Red Hat OpenStack Platform director.
6.1.1. Heat Templates
The director uses Heat Orchestration Templates (HOT) as a template format for its Overcloud deployment plan. Templates in HOT format are mostly expressed in YAML format. The purpose of a template is to define and create a stack, which is a collection of resources that heat creates, and the configuration of the resources. Resources are objects in OpenStack and can include compute resources, network configuration, security groups, scaling rules, and custom resources.
The structure of a Heat template has three main sections:
- Parameters - These are settings passed to heat, which provides a way to customize a stack, and any default values for parameters without passed values. These are defined in the
parameterssection of a template. - Resources - These are the specific objects to create and configure as part of a stack. OpenStack contains a set of core resources that span across all components. These are defined in the
resourcessection of a template. - Output - These are values passed from heat after the stack's creation. You can access these values either through the heat API or client tools. These are defined in the
outputsection of a template.
Here is an example of a basic heat template:
heat_template_version: 2013-05-23
description: > A very basic Heat template.
parameters:
key_name:
type: string
default: lars
description: Name of an existing key pair to use for the instance
flavor:
type: string
description: Instance type for the instance to be created
default: m1.small
image:
type: string
default: cirros
description: ID or name of the image to use for the instance
resources:
my_instance:
type: OS::Nova::Server
properties:
name: My Cirros Instance
image: { get_param: image }
flavor: { get_param: flavor }
key_name: { get_param: key_name }
output:
instance_name:
description: Get the instance's name
value: { get_attr: [ my_instance, name ] }
This template uses the resource type
type: OS::Nova::Server to create an instance called my_instance with a particular flavor, image, and key. The stack can return the value of instance_name, which is called My Cirros Instance.
When Heat processes a template it creates a stack for the template and a set of child stacks for resource templates. This creates a hierarchy of stacks that descend from the main stack you define with your template. You can view the stack hierarchy using this following command:
$ heat stack-list --show-nested
6.1.2. Environment Files
An environment file is a special type of template that provides customization for your Heat templates. This includes three key parts:
- Resource Registry - This section defines custom resource names, linked to other heat templates. This essentially provides a method to create custom resources that do not exist within the core resource collection. These are defined in the
resource_registrysection of an environment file. - Parameters - These are common settings you apply to the top-level template's parameters. For example, if you have a template that deploys nested stacks, such as resource registry mappings, the parameters only apply to the top-level template and not templates for the nested resources. Parameters are defined in the
parameterssection of an environment file. - Parameter Defaults - These parameters modify the default values for parameters in all templates. For example, if you have a Heat template that deploys nested stacks, such as resource registry mappings,the parameter defaults apply to all templates. In other words, the top-level template and those defining all nested resources. The parameter defaults are defined in the
parameter_defaultssection of an environment file.
Important
It is recommended to use
parameter_defaults instead of parameters When creating custom environment files for your Overcloud. This is so the parameters apply to all stack templates for the Overcloud.
An example of a basic environment file:
resource_registry: OS::Nova::Server::MyServer: myserver.yaml parameter_defaults: NetworkName: my_network parameters: MyIP: 192.168.0.1
For example, this environment file (
my_env.yaml) might be included when creating a stack from a certain Heat template (my_template.yaml). The my_env.yaml files creates a new resource type called OS::Nova::Server::MyServer. The myserver.yaml file is a Heat template file that provides an implementation for this resource type that overrides any built-in ones. You can include the OS::Nova::Server::MyServer resource in your my_template.yaml file.
The
MyIP applies a parameter only to the main Heat template that deploys along with this environment file. In this example, it only applies to the parameters in my_template.yaml.
The
NetworkName applies to both the main Heat template (in this example, my_template.yaml) and the templates associated with resources included the main template, such as the OS::Nova::Server::MyServer resource and its myserver.yaml template in this example.
6.1.3. Core Overcloud Heat Templates
The director contains a core heat template collection for the Overcloud. This collection is stored in
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates.
There are many heat templates and environment files in this collection. However, the main files and directories to note in this template collection are:
overcloud.yaml- This is the main template file used to create the Overcloud environment.overcloud-resource-registry-puppet.yaml- This is the main environment file used to create the Overcloud environment. It provides a set of configurations for Puppet modules stored on the Overcloud image. After the director writes the Overcloud image to each node, heat starts the Puppet configuration for each node using the resources registered in this environment file.environments- A directory that contains example environment files to apply to your Overcloud deployment.
6.2. Isolating Networks
The director provides methods to configure isolated Overcloud networks. This means the Overcloud environment separates network traffic types into different networks, which in turn assigns network traffic to specific network interfaces or bonds. After configuring isolated networks, the director configures the OpenStack services to use the isolated networks. If no isolated networks are configured, all services run on the Provisioning network.
This example uses separate networks for all services:
- Network 1 - Provisioning
- Network 2 - Internal API
- Network 3 - Tenant Networks
- Network 4 - Storage
- Network 5 - Storage Management
- Network 6 - Management
- Network 7 - External and Floating IP (mapped after Overcloud creation)
In this example, each Overcloud node uses two network interfaces in a bond to serve networks in tagged VLANs. The following network assignments apply to this bond:
Table 6.1. Network Subnet and VLAN Assignments
|
Network Type
|
Subnet
|
VLAN
|
|---|---|---|
|
Internal API
|
172.16.0.0/24
|
201
|
|
Tenant
|
172.17.0.0/24
|
202
|
|
Storage
|
172.18.0.0/24
|
203
|
|
Storage Management
|
172.19.0.0/24
|
204
|
|
Management
|
172.20.0.0/24
|
205
|
|
External / Floating IP
|
10.1.1.0/24
|
100
|
For more examples of network configuration, see Appendix E, Network Interface Template Examples.
6.2.1. Creating Custom Interface Templates
The Overcloud network configuration requires a set of the network interface templates. You customize these templates to configure the node interfaces on a per role basis. These templates are standard heat templates in YAML format (see Section 6.1, “Understanding Heat Templates”). The director contains a set of example templates to get you started:
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/single-nic-vlans- Directory containing templates for single NIC with VLANs configuration on a per role basis./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans- Directory containing templates for bonded NIC configuration on a per role basis./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/multiple-nics- Directory containing templates for multiple NIC configuration using one NIC per role./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/single-nic-linux-bridge-vlans- Directory containing templates for single NIC with VLANs configuration on a per role basis and using a Linux bridge instead of an Open vSwitch bridge.
For this example, use the default bonded NIC example configuration as a basis. Copy the version located at
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans.
$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/bond-with-vlans ~/templates/nic-configs
This creates a local set of heat templates that define a bonded network interface configuration for each role. Each template contains the standard
parameters, resources, and output sections. For this example, you would only edit the resources section. Each resources section begins with the following:
resources:
OsNetConfigImpl:
type: OS::Heat::StructuredConfig
properties:
group: os-apply-config
config:
os_net_config:
network_config:
This creates a request for the
os-apply-config command and os-net-config subcommand to configure the network properties for a node. The network_config section contains your custom interface configuration arranged in a sequence based on type, which includes the following:
- interface
- Defines a single network interface. The configuration defines each interface using either the actual interface name ("eth0", "eth1", "enp0s25") or a set of numbered interfaces ("nic1", "nic2", "nic3").
- type: interface name: nic2 - vlan
- Defines a VLAN. Use the VLAN ID and subnet passed from the
parameterssection.- type: vlan vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet} - ovs_bond
- Defines a bond in Open vSwitch to join two or more
interfacestogether. This helps with redundancy and increases bandwidth.- type: ovs_bond name: bond1 members: - type: interface name: nic2 - type: interface name: nic3 - ovs_bridge
- Defines a bridge in Open vSwitch, which connects multiple
interface,ovs_bondandvlanobjects together.- type: ovs_bridge name: {get_input: bridge_name} members: - type: ovs_bond name: bond1 members: - type: interface name: nic2 primary: true - type: interface name: nic3 - type: vlan device: bond1 vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet} - linux_bond
- Defines a Linux bond that joins two or more
interfacestogether. This helps with redundancy and increases bandwidth. Make sure to include the kernel-based bonding options in thebonding_optionsparameter. For more information on Linux bonding options, see 4.5.1. Bonding Module Directives in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Networking Guide.- type: linux_bond name: bond1 members: - type: interface name: nic2 - type: interface name: nic3 bonding_options: "mode=802.3ad" - linux_bridge
- Defines a Linux bridge, which connects multiple
interface,linux_bondandvlanobjects together.- type: linux_bridge name: bridge1 addresses: - ip_netmask: list_join: - '/' - - {get_param: ControlPlaneIp} - {get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr} members: - type: interface name: nic1 primary: true - type: vlan vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} device: bridge1 addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet} routes: - ip_netmask: 0.0.0.0/0 default: true next_hop: {get_param: ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute}
See Appendix D, Network Interface Parameters for a full list of parameters for each of these items.
For this example, you use the default bonded interface configuration. For example, the
/home/stack/templates/nic-configs/controller.yaml template uses the following network_config:
resources:
OsNetConfigImpl:
type: OS::Heat::StructuredConfig
properties:
group: os-apply-config
config:
os_net_config:
network_config:
- type: interface
name: nic1
use_dhcp: false
addresses:
- ip_netmask:
list_join:
- '/'
- - {get_param: ControlPlaneIp}
- {get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr}
routes:
- ip_netmask: 169.254.169.254/32
next_hop: {get_param: EC2MetadataIp}
- type: ovs_bridge
name: {get_input: bridge_name}
dns_servers: {get_param: DnsServers}
members:
- type: ovs_bond
name: bond1
ovs_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
members:
- type: interface
name: nic2
primary: true
- type: interface
name: nic3
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
routes:
- default: true
next_hop: {get_param: ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute}
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: InternalApiNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: InternalApiIpSubnet}
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: StorageNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageIpSubnet}
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: StorageMgmtIpSubnet}
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: TenantNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: TenantIpSubnet}
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: ManagementNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: ManagementIpSubnet}
Note
The Management network section is commented in the network interface Heat templates. Uncomment this section to enable the Management network.
This template defines a bridge (usually the external bridge named
br-ex) and creates a bonded interface called bond1 from two numbered interfaces: nic2 and nic3. The bridge also contains a number of tagged VLAN devices, which use bond1 as a parent device. The template also include an interface that connects back to the director (nic1).
For more examples of network interface templates, see Appendix E, Network Interface Template Examples.
Note that a lot of these parameters use the
get_param function. You would define these in an environment file you create specifically for your networks.
Important
Unused interfaces can cause unwanted default routes and network loops. For example, your template might contain a network interface (
nic4) that does not use any IP assignments for OpenStack services but still uses DHCP and/or a default route. To avoid network conflicts, remove any unused interfaces from ovs_bridge devices and disable the DHCP and default route settings:
- type: interface name: nic4 use_dhcp: false defroute: false
6.2.2. Creating a Network Environment File
The network environment file is a Heat environment file that describes the Overcloud's network environment and points to the network interface configuration templates from the previous section. You can define the subnets and VLANs for your network along with IP address ranges. You can then customize these values for the local environment.
The director contains a set of example environment files to get you started. Each environment file corresponds to the example network interface files in
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/config/:
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-single-nic-with-vlans.yaml- Example environment file for single NIC with VLANs configuration in thesingle-nic-vlans) network interface directory. Environment files for disabling the External network (net-single-nic-with-vlans-no-external.yaml) or enabling IPv6 (net-single-nic-with-vlans-v6.yaml) are also available./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-bond-with-vlans.yaml- Example environment file for bonded NIC configuration in thebond-with-vlansnetwork interface directory. Environment files for disabling the External network (net-bond-with-vlans-no-external.yaml) or enabling IPv6 (net-bond-with-vlans-v6.yaml) are also available./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-multiple-nics.yaml- Example environment file for a multiple NIC configuration in themultiple-nicsnetwork interface directory. An environment file for enabling IPv6 (net-multiple-nics-v6.yaml) is also available./usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-single-nic-linux-bridge-with-vlans.yaml- Example environment file for single NIC with VLANs configuration using a Linux bridge instead of an Open vSwitch bridge, which uses the thesingle-nic-linux-bridge-vlansnetwork interface directory.
This scenario uses a modified version of the
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-bond-with-vlans.yaml file. Copy this file to the stack user's templates directory.
$ cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-bond-with-vlans.yaml /home/stack/templates/network-environment.yaml
The environment file contains the following modified sections:
resource_registry:
OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/cinder-storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::Compute::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/compute.yaml
OS::TripleO::Controller::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/controller.yaml
OS::TripleO::ObjectStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/swift-storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/ceph-storage.yaml
parameter_defaults:
InternalApiNetCidr: 172.16.0.0/24
TenantNetCidr: 172.17.0.0/24
StorageNetCidr: 172.18.0.0/24
StorageMgmtNetCidr: 172.19.0.0/24
StorageMgmtNetCidr: 172.19.0.0/24
ManagementNetCidr: 172.20.0.0/24
ExternalNetCidr: 10.1.1.0/24
InternalApiAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.16.0.10', 'end': '172.16.0.200'}]
TenantAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.17.0.10', 'end': '172.17.0.200'}]
StorageAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.18.0.10', 'end': '172.18.0.200'}]
StorageMgmtAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.19.0.10', 'end': '172.19.0.200'}]
ManagementAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.20.0.10', 'end': '172.20.0.200'}]
# Leave room for floating IPs in the External allocation pool
ExternalAllocationPools: [{'start': '10.1.1.10', 'end': '10.1.1.50'}]
# Set to the router gateway on the external network
ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute: 10.1.1.1
# Gateway router for the provisioning network (or Undercloud IP)
ControlPlaneDefaultRoute: 192.0.2.254
# The IP address of the EC2 metadata server. Generally the IP of the Undercloud
EC2MetadataIp: 192.0.2.1
# Define the DNS servers (maximum 2) for the overcloud nodes
DnsServers: ["8.8.8.8","8.8.4.4"]
InternalApiNetworkVlanID: 201
StorageNetworkVlanID: 202
StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID: 203
TenantNetworkVlanID: 204
ManagementNetworkVlanID: 205
ExternalNetworkVlanID: 100
# Set to "br-ex" if using floating IPs on native VLAN on bridge br-ex
NeutronExternalNetworkBridge: "''"
# Customize bonding options if required
BondInterfaceOvsOptions:
"bond_mode=balance-tcp"
The
resource_registry section contains modified links to the custom network interface templates for each node role. See Section 6.2.1, “Creating Custom Interface Templates”.
The
parameter_defaults section contains a list of parameters that define the network options for each network type. For a full reference of these options, see Appendix F, Network Environment Options.
This scenario defines options for each network. All network types use an individual VLAN and subnet used for assigning IP addresses to hosts and virtual IPs. In the example above, the allocation pool for the Internal API network starts at 172.16.0.10 and continues to 172.16.0.200 using VLAN 201. This results in static and virtual IPs assigned starting at 172.16.0.10 and upwards to 172.16.0.200 while using VLAN 201 in your environment.
The External network hosts the Horizon dashboard and Public API. If using the External network for both cloud administration and floating IPs, make sure there is room for a pool of IPs to use as floating IPs for VM instances. In this example, you only have IPs from 10.1.1.10 to 10.1.1.50 assigned to the External network, which leaves IP addresses from 10.1.1.51 and above free to use for Floating IP addresses. Alternately, place the Floating IP network on a separate VLAN and configure the Overcloud after creation to use it.
The
BondInterfaceOvsOptions option provides options for our bonded interface using nic2 and nic3. For more information on bonding options, see Appendix G, Open vSwitch Bonding Options.
Important
Changing the network configuration after creating the Overcloud can cause configuration problems due to the availability of resources. For example, if a user changes a subnet range for a network in the network isolation templates, the reconfiguration might fail due to the subnet already being in use.
6.2.3. Assigning OpenStack Services to Isolated Networks
Each OpenStack service is assigned to a default network type in the resource registry. These services are then bound to IP addresses within the network type's assigned network. Although the OpenStack services are divided among these networks, the number of actual physical networks might differ as defined in the network environment file. You can reassign OpenStack services to different network types by defining a new network map in your network environment file (
/home/stack/templates/network-environment.yaml). The ServiceNetMap parameter determines the network types used for each service.
For example, you can reassign the Storage Management network services to the Storage Network by modifying the highlighted sections:
parameter_defaults:
...
ServiceNetMap:
NeutronTenantNetwork: tenant
CeilometerApiNetwork: internal_api
MongoDbNetwork: internal_api
CinderApiNetwork: internal_api
CinderIscsiNetwork: storage
GlanceApiNetwork: storage
GlanceRegistryNetwork: internal_api
KeystoneAdminApiNetwork: internal_api
KeystonePublicApiNetwork: internal_api
NeutronApiNetwork: internal_api
HeatApiNetwork: internal_api
NovaApiNetwork: internal_api
NovaMetadataNetwork: internal_api
NovaVncProxyNetwork: internal_api
SwiftMgmtNetwork: storage_mgmt
SwiftProxyNetwork: storage
HorizonNetwork: internal_api
MemcachedNetwork: internal_api
RabbitMqNetwork: internal_api
RedisNetwork: internal_api
MysqlNetwork: internal_api
CephClusterNetwork: storage_mgmt
CephPublicNetwork: storage
# Define which network will be used for hostname resolution
ControllerHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
ComputeHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
BlockStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
ObjectStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
CephStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: storage
...
Changing these parameters to
storage places these services on the Storage network instead of the Storage Management network. This means you only need to define a set of parameter_defaults for the Storage network and not the Storage Management network.
6.2.4. Selecting Networks to Deploy
The settings in the
resource_registry section of the environment file for networks and ports do not ordinarily need to be changed. The list of networks can be changed if only a subset of the networks are desired.
Note
When specifying custom networks and ports, do not include the
environments/network-isolation.yaml on the deployment command line. Instead, specify all the networks and ports in the network environment file.
In order to use isolated networks, the servers must have IP addresses on each network. You can use neutron in the Undercloud to manage IP addresses on the isolated networks, so you will need to enable neutron port creation for each network. You can override the resource registry in your environment file.
First, this is the complete set of networks and ports that can be deployed:
resource_registry: # This section is usually not modified, if in doubt stick to the defaults # TripleO overcloud networks OS::TripleO::Network::External: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/external.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::InternalApi: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::StorageMgmt: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Storage: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Tenant: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/tenant.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Management: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/management.yaml # Port assignments for the VIPs OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::ExternalVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/external.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::InternalApiVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::StorageVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::StorageMgmtVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::TenantVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::ManagementVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::RedisVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/vip.yaml # Port assignments for the controller role OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::ExternalPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/external.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::TenantPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::ManagementPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml # Port assignments for the compute role OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::TenantPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::ManagementPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml # Port assignments for the ceph storage role OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Ports::ManagementPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml # Port assignments for the swift storage role OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::ManagementPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml # Port assignments for the block storage role OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt.yaml OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::ManagementPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/management.yaml
The first section of this file has the resource registry declaration for the
OS::TripleO::Network::* resources. By default these resources point at a noop.yaml file that does not create any networks. By pointing these resources at the YAML files for each network, you enable the creation of these networks.
The next several sections create the IP addresses for the nodes in each role. The controller nodes have IPs on each network. The compute and storage nodes each have IPs on a subset of the networks.
To deploy without one of the pre-configured networks, disable the network definition and the corresponding port definition for the role. For example, all references to
storage_mgmt.yaml could be replaced with noop.yaml:
resource_registry:
# This section is usually not modified, if in doubt stick to the defaults
# TripleO overcloud networks
OS::TripleO::Network::External: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/external.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::InternalApi: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::StorageMgmt: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/noop.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Storage: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Tenant: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/tenant.yaml
# Port assignments for the VIPs
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::ExternalVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/external.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::InternalApiVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::StorageVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::StorageMgmtVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/noop.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::TenantVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml
OS::TripleO::Network::Ports::RedisVipPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/vip.yaml
# Port assignments for the controller role
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::ExternalPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/external.yaml
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/noop.yaml
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::TenantPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml
# Port assignments for the compute role
OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::Compute::Ports::TenantPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant.yaml
# Port assignments for the ceph storage role
OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/noop.yaml
# Port assignments for the swift storage role
OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::SwiftStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/noop.yaml
# Port assignments for the block storage role
OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api.yaml
OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage.yaml
OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/noop.yaml
parameter_defaults:
ServiceNetMap:
NeutronTenantNetwork: tenant
CeilometerApiNetwork: internal_api
MongoDbNetwork: internal_api
CinderApiNetwork: internal_api
CinderIscsiNetwork: storage
GlanceApiNetwork: storage
GlanceRegistryNetwork: internal_api
KeystoneAdminApiNetwork: ctlplane # Admin connection for Undercloud
KeystonePublicApiNetwork: internal_api
NeutronApiNetwork: internal_api
HeatApiNetwork: internal_api
NovaApiNetwork: internal_api
NovaMetadataNetwork: internal_api
NovaVncProxyNetwork: internal_api
SwiftMgmtNetwork: storage # Changed from storage_mgmt
SwiftProxyNetwork: storage
HorizonNetwork: internal_api
MemcachedNetwork: internal_api
RabbitMqNetwork: internal_api
RedisNetwork: internal_api
MysqlNetwork: internal_api
CephClusterNetwork: storage # Changed from storage_mgmt
CephPublicNetwork: storage
ControllerHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
ComputeHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
BlockStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
ObjectStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: internal_api
CephStorageHostnameResolveNetwork: storage
By using
noop.yaml, no network or ports are created, so the services on the Storage Management network would default to the Provisioning network. This can be changed in the ServiceNetMap in order to move the Storage Management services to another network, such as the Storage network.
6.3. Controlling Node Placement
The default behavior for the director is to randomly select nodes for each role, usually based on their profile tag. However, the director provides the ability to define specific node placement. This is a useful method to:
- Assign specific node IDs e.g.
controller-0,controller-1, etc - Assign custom hostnames
- Assign specific IP addresses
- Assign specific Virtual IP addresses
Note
Manually setting predictable IP addresses, virtual IP addresses, and ports for a network alleviates the need for allocation pools. However, it is recommended to retain allocation pools for each network to ease with scaling new nodes. Make sure that any statically defined IP addresses fall outside the allocation pools. For more information on setting allocation pools, see Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File”.
6.3.1. Assigning Specific Node IDs
This procedure assigns node ID to specific nodes. Examples of node IDs include
controller-0, controller-1, compute-0, compute-1, and so forth.
The first step is to assign the ID as a per-node capability that the Nova scheduler matches on deployment. For example:
ironic node-update <id> replace properties/capabilities='node:controller-0,boot_option:local'
This assigns the capability
node:controller-0 to the node. Repeat this pattern using a unique continuous index, starting from 0, for all nodes. Make sure all nodes for a given role (Controller, Compute, or each of the storage roles) are tagged in the same way or else the Nova scheduler will not match the capabilities correctly.
The next step is to create a Heat environment file (for example,
scheduler_hints_env.yaml) that uses scheduler hints to match the capabilities for each node. For example:
parameter_defaults:
ControllerSchedulerHints:
'capabilities:node': 'controller-%index%'
To use these scheduler hints, include the
scheduler_hints_env.yaml environment file with the overcloud deploy command during Overcloud creation.
The same approach is possible for each role via these parameters:
ControllerSchedulerHintsfor Controller nodes.NovaComputeSchedulerHintsfor Compute nodes.BlockStorageSchedulerHintsfor Block Storage nodes.ObjectStorageSchedulerHintsfor Object Storage nodes.CephStorageSchedulerHintsfor Ceph Storage nodes.
Note
Node placement takes priority over profile matching. To avoid scheduling failures, use the default
baremetal flavor for deployment and not the flavors designed for profile matching (compute, control, etc). For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy ... --control-flavor baremetal --compute-flavor baremetal ...
6.3.2. Assigning Custom Hostnames
In combination with the node ID configuration in Section 6.3.1, “Assigning Specific Node IDs”, the director can also assign a specific custom hostname to each node. This is useful when you need to define where a system is located (e.g.
rack2-row12), match an inventory identifier, or other situations where a custom hostname is desired.
To customize node hostnames, use the
HostnameMap parameter in an environment file, such as the scheduler_hints_env.yaml file from Section 6.3.1, “Assigning Specific Node IDs”. For example:
parameter_defaults:
ControllerSchedulerHints:
'capabilities:node': 'controller-%index%'
NovaComputeSchedulerHints:
'capabilities:node': 'compute-%index%'
HostnameMap:
overcloud-controller-0: overcloud-controller-prod-123-0
overcloud-controller-1: overcloud-controller-prod-456-0
overcloud-controller-2: overcloud-controller-prod-789-0
overcloud-compute-0: overcloud-compute-prod-abc-0
Define the
HostnameMap in the parameter_defaults section, and set each mapping as the original hostname that Heat defines using HostnameFormat parameters (e.g. overcloud-controller-0) and the second value is the desired custom hostname for that node (e.g. overcloud-controller-prod-123-0).
Using this method in combination with the node ID placement ensures each node has a custom hostname.
6.3.3. Assigning Predictable IPs
For further control over the resulting environment, the director can assign Overcloud nodes with specific IPs on each network as well. Use the
environments/ips-from-pool-all.yaml environment file in the core Heat template collection. Copy this file to the stack user's templates directory.
$ cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/ips-from-pool-all.yaml ~/templates/.
There are two major sections in the
ips-from-pool-all.yaml file.
The first is a set of
resource_registry references that override the defaults. These tell the director to use a specific IP for a given port on a node type. Modify each resource to use the absolute path of its respective template. For example:
OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::ExternalPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/external_from_pool.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::InternalApiPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/internal_api_from_pool.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StoragePort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_from_pool.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::StorageMgmtPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/storage_mgmt_from_pool.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Ports::TenantPort: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/ports/tenant_from_pool.yaml
The default configuration sets all networks on all node types to use pre-assigned IPs. To allow a particular network or node type to use default IP assignment instead, simply remove the
resource_registry entries related to that node type or network from the environment file.
The second section is parameter_defaults, where the actual IP addresses are assigned. Each node type has an associated parameter:
ControllerIPsfor Controller nodes.NovaComputeIPsfor Compute nodes.CephStorageIPsfor Ceph Storage nodes.BlockStorageIPsfor Block Storage nodes.SwiftStorageIPsfor Object Storage nodes.
Each parameter is a map of network names to a list of addresses. Each network type must have at least as many addresses as there will be nodes on that network. The director assigns addresses in order. The first node of each type receives the first address on each respective list, the second node receives the second address on each respective lists, and so forth.
For example, if an Overcloud will contain three Ceph Storage nodes, the CephStorageIPs parameter might look like:
CephStorageIPs: storage: - 172.16.1.100 - 172.16.1.101 - 172.16.1.102 storage_mgmt: - 172.16.3.100 - 172.16.3.101 - 172.16.3.102
The first Ceph Storage node receives two addresses: 172.16.1.100 and 172.16.3.100. The second receives 172.16.1.101 and 172.16.3.101, and the third receives 172.16.1.102 and 172.16.3.102. The same pattern applies to the other node types.
Make sure the chosen IP addresses fall outside the allocation pools for each network defined in your network environment file (see Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File”). For example, make sure the
internal_api assignments fall outside of the InternalApiAllocationPools range. This avoids conflicts with any IPs chosen automatically. Likewise, make sure the IP assignments do not conflict with the VIP configuration, either for standard predictable VIP placement (see Section 6.3.4, “Assigning Predictable Virtual IPs”) or external load balancing (see Section 6.5, “Configuring External Load Balancing”).
To apply this configuration during a deployment, include the environment file with the
openstack overcloud deploy command. If using network isolation (see Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks”), include this file after the network-isolation.yaml file. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e ~/templates/ips-from-pool-all.yaml [OTHER OPTIONS]
6.3.4. Assigning Predictable Virtual IPs
In addition to defining predictable IP addresses for each node, the director also provides a similar ability to define predictable Virtual IPs (VIPs) for clustered services. To accomplish this, edit the network environment file from Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File” and add the VIP parameters in the
parameter_defaults section:
parameter_defaults:
...
ControlFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'192.168.201.101'}]
InternalApiVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'172.16.0.9'}]
PublicVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'10.1.1.9'}]
StorageVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'172.18.0.9'}]
StorageMgmtVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'172.19.0.9'}]
RedisVirtualFixedIPs: [{'ip_address':'172.16.0.8'}]
Select these IPs from outside of their respective allocation pool ranges. For example, select an IP address for
InternalApiVirtualFixedIPs that is not within the InternalApiAllocationPools range.
6.4. Configuring Containerized Compute Nodes
The director provides an option to integrate services from OpenStack's containerization project (kolla) into the Overcloud's Compute nodes. This includes creating Compute nodes that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host as a base operating system and individual containers to run different OpenStack services.
Important
Containerized Compute nodes are a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not fully supported under Red Hat Subscription Service Level Agreements (SLAs), may not be functionally complete, and are not intended for production use. However, these features provide early access to upcoming product innovations, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information on the support scope for features marked as technology previews, see https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview/.
The director's core Heat template collection includes environment files to aid the configuration of containerized Compute nodes. These files include:
docker.yaml- The main environment file for configuring containerized Compute nodes.docker-network.yaml- The environment file for containerized Compute nodes networking without network isolation.docker-network-isolation.yaml- The environment file for containerized Compute nodes using network isolation.
6.4.1. Examining the Containerized Compute Environment File (docker.yaml)
The
docker.yaml file is the main environment file for the containerized Compute node configuration. It includes the entries in the resource_registry:
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::ComputePostDeployment: ../docker/compute-post.yaml OS::TripleO::NodeUserData: ../docker/firstboot/install_docker_agents.yaml
- OS::TripleO::NodeUserData
- Provides a Heat template that uses custom configuration on first boot. In this case, it installs the
openstack-heat-docker-agentscontainer on the Compute nodes when they first boot. This container provides a set of initialization scripts to configure the containerized Compute node and Heat hooks to communicate with the director. - OS::TripleO::ComputePostDeployment
- Provides a Heat template with a set of post-configuration resources for Compute nodes. This includes a software configuration resource that provides a set of
tagsto Puppet:ComputePuppetConfig: type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig properties: group: puppet options: enable_hiera: True enable_facter: False tags: package,file,concat,file_line,nova_config,neutron_config,neutron_agent_ovs,neutron_plugin_ml2 inputs: - name: tripleo::packages::enable_install type: Boolean default: True outputs: - name: result config: get_file: ../puppet/manifests/overcloud_compute.ppThese tags define the Puppet modules to pass to theopenstack-heat-docker-agentscontainer.
The
docker.yaml file includes a parameter called NovaImage that replaces the standard overcloud-full image with a different image (atomic-image) when provisioning Compute nodes. See in Section 6.4.2, “Uploading the Atomic Host Image” for instructions on uploading this new image.
The
docker.yaml file also includes a parameter_defaults section that defines the Docker registry and images to use for our Compute node services. You can modify this section to use a local registry instead of the default registry.access.redhat.com. See Section 6.4.3, “Using a Local Registry” for instructions on configuring a local repository.
6.4.2. Uploading the Atomic Host Image
The director requires a copy of the Cloud Image for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Atomic Host imported into its image store as
atomic-image. This is because the Compute node requires this image for the base OS during the provisioning phase of the Overcloud creation.
Download a copy of the Cloud Image from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Atomic Host product page (https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/271/ver=/rhel---7/7.2.2-2/x86_64/product-software) and save it to the
images subdirectory in the stack user's home directory.
Once the image download completes, import the image into the director as the
stack user.
$ glance image-create --name atomic-image --file ~/images/rhel-atomic-cloud-7.2-12.x86_64.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare
This imports the image alongside the other Overcloud images.
$ glance image-list +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | 27b5bad7-f8b2-4dd8-9f69-32dfe84644cf | atomic-image | | 08c116c6-8913-427b-b5b0-b55c18a01888 | bm-deploy-kernel | | aec4c104-0146-437b-a10b-8ebc351067b9 | bm-deploy-ramdisk | | 9012ce83-4c63-4cd7-a976-0c972be747cd | overcloud-full | | 376e95df-c1c1-4f2a-b5f3-93f639eb9972 | overcloud-full-initrd | | 0b5773eb-4c64-4086-9298-7f28606b68af | overcloud-full-vmlinuz | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+
6.4.3. Using a Local Registry
The default configuration uses Red Hat's container registry for image downloads. However, as an optional step, you can use a local registry to conserve bandwidth during the Overcloud creation process.
You can use an existing local registry or install a new one. To install a new registry, use the instructions in Chapter 2. Get Started with Docker Formatted Container Images in Getting Started with Containers.
Pull the required images into your registry:
$ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-compute:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-data:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-libvirt:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-vswitchd:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-db-server:latest $ sudo docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-heat-docker-agents:latest
After pulling the images, tag them with the proper registry host:
$ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-compute:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-compute:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-data:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-data:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-libvirt:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-libvirt:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-vswitchd:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-vswitchd:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-db-server:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-db-server:latest $ sudo docker tag registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-heat-docker-agents:latest localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-heat-docker-agents:latest
Push them to the registry:
$ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-compute:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-data:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-nova-libvirt:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-vswitchd:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-openvswitch-db-server:latest $ sudo docker push localhost:8787/registry.access.redhat.com/openstack-heat-docker-agents:latest
Create a copy of the main
docker.yaml environment file in the templates subdirectory:
$ cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker.yaml ~/templates/.
Edit the file and modify the
resource_registry to use absolute paths:
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::ComputePostDeployment: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/docker/compute-post.yaml OS::TripleO::NodeUserData: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/docker/firstboot/install_docker_agents.yaml
Set
DockerNamespace in parameter_defaults to your registry URL. Also set DockerNamespaceIsRegistry to true For example:
parameter_defaults: DockerNamespace: registry.example.com:8787/registry.access.redhat.com DockerNamespaceIsRegistry: true
Your local registry now has the required docker images and the containerized Compute configuration is now set to use that registry.
6.4.4. Including Environment Files in the Overcloud Deployment
When running the Overcloud creation, include the main environment file (
docker.yaml) and the network environment file (docker-network.yaml) for the containerized Compute nodes along with the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-network.yaml [OTHER OPTIONS] ...
The containerized Compute nodes also function in an Overcloud with network isolation. This also requires the main environment file along with the network isolation file (
docker-network-isolation.yaml). Add these files before the network isolation files from Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks”. For example:
openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/docker-network-isolation.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/net-single-nic-with-vlans.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml [OTHER OPTIONS] ...
The director creates an Overcloud with containerized Compute nodes.
6.5. Configuring External Load Balancing
An Overcloud uses multiple Controllers together as a high availability cluster, which ensures maximum operational performance for your OpenStack services. In addition, the cluster provides load balancing for access to the OpenStack services, which evenly distributes traffic to the Controller nodes and reduces server overload for each node. It is also possible to use an external load balancer to perform this distribution. For example, an organization might use their own hardware-based load balancer to handle traffic distribution to the Controller nodes.
For more information about configuring external load balancing, see the dedicated External Load Balancing for the Overcloud guide for full instructions.
6.6. Configuring IPv6 Networking
As a default, the Overcloud uses Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to configure the service endpoints. However, the Overcloud also supports Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) endpoints, which is useful for organizations that support IPv6 infrastructure. The director includes a set of environment files to help with creating IPv6-based Overclouds.
For more information about configuring IPv6 in the Overcloud, see the dedicated IPv6 Networking for the Overcloud guide for full instructions.
6.7. Configuring NFS Storage
This section describes configuring the Overcloud to use an NFS share. The installation and configuration process is based on the modification of an existing environment file in the core Heat template collection.
The core heat template collection contains a set of environment files in
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/. These environment templates help with custom configuration of some of the supported features in a director-created Overcloud. This includes an environment file to help configure storage. This file is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/storage-environment.yaml. Copy this file to the stack user's template directory.
$ cp /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/storage-environment.yaml ~/templates/.
The environment file contains some parameters to help configure different storage options for Openstack's block and image storage components, cinder and glance. In this example, you will configure the Overcloud to use an NFS share. Modify the following parameters:
- CinderEnableIscsiBackend
- Enables the iSCSI backend. Set to
false. - CinderEnableRbdBackend
- Enables the Ceph Storage backend. Set to
false. - CinderEnableNfsBackend
- Enables the NFS backend. Set to
true. - NovaEnableRbdBackend
- Enables Ceph Storage for Nova ephemeral storage. Set to
false. - GlanceBackend
- Define the back end to use for Glance. Set to
fileto use file-based storage for images. The Overcloud will save these files in a mounted NFS share for Glance. - CinderNfsMountOptions
- The NFS mount options for the volume storage.
- CinderNfsServers
- The NFS share to mount for volume storage. For example,
192.168.122.1:/export/cinder. - GlanceFilePcmkManage
- Enables Pacemaker to manage the share for image storage. If disabled, the Overcloud stores images in the Controller node's file system. Set to
true. - GlanceFilePcmkFstype
- Defines the file system type that Pacemaker uses for image storage. Set to
nfs. - GlanceFilePcmkDevice
- The NFS share to mount for image storage. For example,
192.168.122.1:/export/glance. - GlanceFilePcmkOptions
- The NFS mount options for the image storage.
The environment file's options should look similar to the following:
parameter_defaults: CinderEnableIscsiBackend: false CinderEnableRbdBackend: false CinderEnableNfsBackend: true NovaEnableRbdBackend: false GlanceBackend: 'file' CinderNfsMountOptions: 'rw,sync' CinderNfsServers: '192.0.2.230:/cinder' GlanceFilePcmkManage: true GlanceFilePcmkFstype: 'nfs' GlanceFilePcmkDevice: '192.0.2.230:/glance' GlanceFilePcmkOptions: 'rw,sync,context=system_u:object_r:glance_var_lib_t:s0'
Important
Include the
context=system_u:object_r:glance_var_lib_t:s0 in the GlanceFilePcmkOptions parameter to allow glance access to the /var/lib directory. Without this SELinux content, glance will fail to write to the mount point.
These parameters are integrated as part of the heat template collection. Setting them as such creates two NFS mount points for cinder and glance to use.
Save this file for inclusion in the Overcloud creation.
6.8. Configuring Ceph Storage
The director provides two main methods for integrating Red Hat Ceph Storage into an Overcloud.
- Creating an Overcloud with its own Ceph Storage Cluster
- The director has the ability to create a Ceph Storage Cluster during the creation on the Overcloud. The director creates a set of Ceph Storage nodes that use the Ceph OSD to store the data. In addition, the director install the Ceph Monitor service on the Overcloud's Controller nodes. This means if an organization creates an Overcloud with three highly available controller nodes, the Ceph Monitor also becomes a highly available service.
- Integrating a Existing Ceph Storage into an Overcloud
- If you already have an existing Ceph Storage Cluster, you can integrate this during an Overcloud deployment. This means you manage and scale the cluster outside of the Overcloud configuration.
For more information about configuring Overcloud Ceph Storage, see the dedicated Red Hat Ceph Storage for the Overcloud guide for full instructions on both scenarios.
6.9. Configuring Third Party Storage
The director include a couple of environment files to help configure third-party storage providers. This includes:
- Dell Storage Center
- Deploys a single Dell Storage Center back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service.The environment file is located at
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-dellsc-config.yaml.See the Dell Storage Center Back End Guide for full configuration information. - Dell EqualLogic
- Deploys a single Dell EqualLogic back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service.The environment file is located at
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-eqlx-config.yaml.See the Dell EqualLogic Back End Guide for full configuration information. - NetApp Block Storage
- Deploys a NetApp storage appliance as a back end for the Block Storage (cinder) service.The environment file is located at
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-dellsc-config.yaml/cinder-netapp-config.yaml.See the NetApp Block Storage Back End Guide for full configuration information.
6.10. Configuring the Overcloud Time Zone
You can set the time zone of your Overcloud deployment using the
TimeZone parameter in an environment file. If you leave the TimeZone parameter blank, the Overcloud will default to UTC time.
Director recognizes the standard timezone names defined in the timezone database /usr/share/zoneinfo/. For example, if you wanted to set your time zone to
Japan, you would examine the contents of /usr/share/zoneinfo to locate a suitable entry:
$ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ Africa Asia Canada Cuba EST GB GMT-0 HST iso3166.tab Kwajalein MST NZ-CHAT posix right Turkey UTC Zulu America Atlantic CET EET EST5EDT GB-Eire GMT+0 Iceland Israel Libya MST7MDT Pacific posixrules ROC UCT WET Antarctica Australia Chile Egypt Etc GMT Greenwich Indian Jamaica MET Navajo Poland PRC ROK Universal W-SU Arctic Brazil CST6CDT Eire Europe GMT0 Hongkong Iran Japan Mexico NZ Portugal PST8PDT Singapore US zone.tab
The output listed above includes time zone files, and directories containing additional time zone files. For example,
Japan is an individual time zone file in this result, but Africa is a directory containing additional time zone files:
$ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/ Abidjan Algiers Bamako Bissau Bujumbura Ceuta Dar_es_Salaam El_Aaiun Harare Kampala Kinshasa Lome Lusaka Maseru Monrovia Niamey Porto-Novo Tripoli Accra Asmara Bangui Blantyre Cairo Conakry Djibouti Freetown Johannesburg Khartoum Lagos Luanda Malabo Mbabane Nairobi Nouakchott Sao_Tome Tunis Addis_Ababa Asmera Banjul Brazzaville Casablanca Dakar Douala Gaborone Juba Kigali Libreville Lubumbashi Maputo Mogadishu Ndjamena Ouagadougou Timbuktu Windhoek
Once you have determined the time zone to use, you can enter its name into an environment file processing. For example, add the entry in a file named 'timezone.yaml' to set your timezone to
Japan:
parameter_defaults: TimeZone: 'Japan'
Next, use the overcloud deploy process to run the template and apply the setting:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e timezone.yaml
6.11. Enabling SSL/TLS on the Overcloud
By default, the Overcloud uses unencrypted endpoints for its services; this means that the Overcloud configuration requires an additional environment file to enable SSL/TLS for its Public API endpoints.
Note
This process only enables SSL/TLS for Public API endpoints. The Internal and Admin APIs remain unencrypted.
This process requires network isolation to define the endpoints for the Public API. See Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks” for instruction on network isolation.
Ensure you have a private key and certificate authority created. See Appendix A, SSL/TLS Certificate Configuration for more information on creating a valid SSL/TLS key and certificate authority file.
Enabling SSL/TLS
Copy the
enable-tls.yaml environment file from the Heat template collection:
$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/enable-tls.yaml ~/templates/.
Edit this file and make the following changes for these parameters:
parameter_defaults:
- SSLCertificate:
- Copy the contents of the certificate file into the
SSLCertificateparameter. For example:parameter_defaults: SSLCertificate: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDgzCCAmugAwIBAgIJAKk46qw6ncJaMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMFgxCzAJBgNV ... sFW3S2roS4X0Af/kSSD8mlBBTFTCMBAj6rtLBKLaQbIxEpIzrgvp -----END CERTIFICATE-----Important
The certificate authority contents require the same indentation level for all new lines. - SSLKey:
- Copy the contents of the private key into the
SSLKeyparameter. For example>parameter_defaults: ... SSLKey: | -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAqVw8lnQ9RbeI1EdLN5PJP0lVO9hkJZnGP6qb6wtYUoy1bVP7 ... ctlKn3rAAdyumi4JDjESAXHIKFjJNOLrBmpQyES4XpZUC7yhqPaU -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----Important
The private key contents require the same indentation level for all new lines. - EndpointMap:
- The
EndpointMapcontains a mapping of the services using HTTPS and HTTP communication. If using DNS for SSL communication, leave this section with the defaults. However, if using an IP address for the SSL certificate's common name (see Appendix A, SSL/TLS Certificate Configuration), replace all instances ofCLOUDNAMEwithIP_ADDRESS. Use the following command to accomplish this:$ sed -i 's/CLOUDNAME/IP_ADDRESS/' ~/templates/enable-tls.yaml
Important
Do not substituteIP_ADDRESSorCLOUDNAMEfor actual values. Heat replaces these variables with the appropriate value during the Overcloud creation.
resource_registry:
- OS::TripleO::NodeTLSData:
- Change the resource path for
OS::TripleO::NodeTLSData:to an absolute path:resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeTLSData: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/puppet/extraconfig/tls/tls-cert-inject.yaml
Injecting a Root Certificate
If the certificate signer is not in the default trust store on the Overcloud image, you must inject the certificate authority into the Overcloud image. Copy the
inject-trust-anchor.yaml environment file from the heat template collection:
$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/inject-trust-anchor.yaml ~/templates/.
Edit this file and make the following changes for these parameters:
parameter_defaults:
- SSLRootCertificate:
- Copy the contents of the root certificate authority file into the
SSLRootCertificateparameter. For example:parameter_defaults: SSLRootCertificate: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDgzCCAmugAwIBAgIJAKk46qw6ncJaMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMFgxCzAJBgNV ... sFW3S2roS4X0Af/kSSD8mlBBTFTCMBAj6rtLBKLaQbIxEpIzrgvp -----END CERTIFICATE-----Important
The certificate authority contents require the same indentation level for all new lines.
resource_registry:
- OS::TripleO::NodeTLSCAData:
- Change the resource path for
OS::TripleO::NodeTLSCAData:to an absolute path:resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeTLSCAData: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/puppet/extraconfig/tls/ca-inject.yaml
Configuring DNS Endpoints
If using a DNS hostname to access the Overcloud through SSL/TLS, create a new environment file (
~/templates/cloudname.yaml) to define the hostname of the Overcloud's endpoints. Use the following parameters:
parameter_defaults:
- CloudName:
- The DNS hostname of the Overcloud endpoints.
- DnsServers:
- A list of DNS servers to use. The configured DNS servers must contain an entry for the configured
CloudNamethat matches the IP address of the Public API.
An example of the contents for this file:
parameter_defaults: CloudName: overcloud.example.com DnsServers: ["10.0.0.1"]
Adding Environment Files During Overcloud Creation
The deployment command (
openstack overcloud deploy) in Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud uses the -e option to add environment files. Add the environment files from this section in the following order:
- The environment file to enable SSL/TLS (
enable-tls.yaml) - The environment file to set the DNS hostname (
cloudname.yaml) - The environment file to inject the root certificate authority (
inject-trust-anchor.yaml)
For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates [...] -e /home/stack/templates/enable-tls.yaml -e ~/templates/cloudname.yaml -e ~/templates/inject-trust-anchor.yaml
6.12. Registering the Overcloud
The Overcloud provides a method to register nodes to either the Red Hat Content Delivery Network, a Red Hat Satellite 5 server, or a Red Hat Satellite 6 server. You can either achieve this through environment files or the command line.
Method 1 - Command Line
The deployment command (
openstack overcloud deploy) uses a set of options to define your registration details. The table in Section 7.1, “Setting Overcloud Parameters” contains these options and their descriptions. Include these options when running the deployment command in Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud. For example:
# openstack overcloud deploy --templates --rhel-reg --reg-method satellite --reg-sat-url http://example.satellite.com --reg-org MyOrg --reg-activation-key MyKey --reg-force [...]
Method 2 - Environment File
Copy the registration files from the Heat template collection:
$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/extraconfig/pre_deploy/rhel-registration ~/templates/.
Edit the
~/templates/rhel-registration/environment-rhel-registration.yaml and modify the following values to suit your registration method and details.
- rhel_reg_method
- Choose the registration method. Either
portal,satellite, ordisable. - rhel_reg_type
- The type of unit to register. Leave blank to register as a
system - rhel_reg_auto_attach
- Automatically attach compatible subscriptions to this system. Set to
trueto enable. - rhel_reg_service_level
- The service level to use for auto attachment.
- rhel_reg_release
- Use this parameter to set a release version for auto attachment. Leave blank to use the default from Red Hat Subscription Manager.
- rhel_reg_pool_id
- The subscription pool ID to use. Use this if not auto-attaching subscriptions.
- rhel_reg_sat_url
- The base URL of the Satellite server to register Overcloud nodes. Use the Satellite's HTTP URL and not the HTTPS URL for this parameter. For example, use
http://satellite.example.comand nothttps://satellite.example.com. The Overcloud creation process uses this URL to determine whether the server is a Red Hat Satellite 5 or Red Hat Satellite 6 server. If a Red Hat Satellite 6 server, the Overcloud obtains thekatello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpmfile, registers withsubscription-manager, and installskatello-agent. If a Red Hat Satellite 5 server, the Overcloud obtains theRHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERTfile and registers withrhnreg_ks. - rhel_reg_server_url
- The hostname of the subscription service to use. The default is for Customer Portal Subscription Management,
subscription.rhn.redhat.com. If this option is not used, the system is registered with Customer Portal Subscription Management. The subscription server URL uses the form ofhttps://hostname:port/prefix. - rhel_reg_base_url
- Gives the hostname of the content delivery server to use to receive updates. The default is
https://cdn.redhat.com. Since Satellite 6 hosts its own content, the URL must be used for systems registered with Satellite 6. The base URL for content uses the form ofhttps://hostname:port/prefix. - rhel_reg_org
- The organization to use for registration.
- rhel_reg_environment
- The environment to use within the chosen organization.
- rhel_reg_repos
- A comma-separated list of repositories to enable. See Section 2.5, “Repository Requirements” for repositories to enable.
- rhel_reg_activation_key
- The activation key to use for registration.
- rhel_reg_user, rhel_reg_password
- The username and password for registration. If possible, use activation keys for registration.
- rhel_reg_machine_name
- The machine name. Leave this as blank to use the hostname of the node.
- rhel_reg_force
- Set to
trueto force your registration options. For example, when re-registering nodes. - rhel_reg_sat_repo
- The repository containing Red Hat Satellite 6's management tools, such as
katello-agent. For example,rhel-7-server-satellite-tools-6.1-rpms.
The deployment command (
openstack overcloud deploy) in Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud uses the -e option to add environment files. Add both ~/templates/rhel-registration/environment-rhel-registration.yaml and ~/templates/rhel-registration/rhel-registration-resource-registry.yaml. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates [...] -e /home/stack/templates/rhel-registration/environment-rhel-registration.yaml -e /home/stack/templates/rhel-registration/rhel-registration-resource-registry.yaml
Important
Registration is set as the
OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfig Heat resource. This means you can only use this resource for registration. See Section 6.14, “Customizing Overcloud Pre-Configuration” for more information.
6.13. Customizing Configuration on First Boot
The director provides a mechanism to perform configuration on all nodes upon the initial creation of the Overcloud. The director achieves this through
cloud-init, which you can call using the OS::TripleO::NodeUserData resource type.
In this example, you will update the nameserver with a custom IP address on all nodes. You must first create a basic heat template (
/home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml) that runs a script to append each node's resolv.conf with a specific nameserver. You can use the OS::TripleO::MultipartMime resource type to send the configuration script.
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: >
Extra hostname configuration
resources:
userdata:
type: OS::Heat::MultipartMime
properties:
parts:
- config: {get_resource: nameserver_config}
nameserver_config:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig
properties:
config: |
#!/bin/bash
echo "nameserver 192.168.1.1" >> /etc/resolv.conf
outputs:
OS::stack_id:
value: {get_resource: userdata}
Next, create an environment file (
/home/stack/templates/firstboot.yaml) that registers your heat template as the OS::TripleO::NodeUserData resource type.
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeUserData: /home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml
To add the first boot configuration, add the environment file to the stack when first creating the Overcloud. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /home/stack/templates/firstboot.yaml
The
-e applies the environment file to the Overcloud stack.
This adds the configuration to all nodes when they are first created and boot for the first time. Subsequent inclusions of these templates, such as updating the Overcloud stack, does not run these scripts.
Important
You can only register the
OS::TripleO::NodeUserData to one heat template. Subsequent usage overrides the heat template to use.
6.14. Customizing Overcloud Pre-Configuration
The Overcloud uses Puppet for the core configuration of OpenStack components. The director provides a set of resources to provide custom configuration after the first boot completes and before the core configuration begins. These resources include:
- OS::TripleO::ControllerExtraConfigPre
- Additional configuration applied to Controller nodes before the core Puppet configuration.
- OS::TripleO::ComputeExtraConfigPre
- Additional configuration applied to Compute nodes before the core Puppet configuration.
- OS::TripleO::CephStorageExtraConfigPre
- Additional configuration applied to CephStorage nodes before the core Puppet configuration.
- OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfig
- Additional configuration applied to all nodes roles before the core Puppet configuration.
In this example, you first create a basic heat template (
/home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml) that runs a script to append each node's resolv.conf with a variable nameserver.
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: >
Extra hostname configuration
parameters:
server:
type: string
nameserver_ip:
type: string
DeployIdentifier:
type: string
resources:
ExtraPreConfig:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig
properties:
group: script
config:
str_replace:
template: |
#!/bin/sh
echo "nameserver _NAMESERVER_IP_" >> /etc/resolv.conf
params:
_NAMESERVER_IP_: {get_param: nameserver_ip}
ExtraPreDeployment:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareDeployment
properties:
config: {get_resource: ExtraPreConfig}
server: {get_param: server}
actions: ['CREATE','UPDATE']
input_values:
deploy_identifier: {get_param: DeployIdentifier}
outputs:
deploy_stdout:
description: Deployment reference, used to trigger pre-deploy on changes
value: {get_attr: [ExtraPreDeployment, deploy_stdout]}
In this example, the `resources` section contains the following:
- ExtraPreConfig
- This defines a software configuration. In this example, we define a Bash
scriptand Heat replaces_NAMESERVER_IP_with the value stored in thenameserver_ipparameter. - ExtraPreDeployments
- This executes a software configuration, which is the software configuration from the
ExtraPreConfigresource. Note the following:- The
serverparameter is provided by the parent template and is mandatory in templates for this hook. input_valuescontains a parameter calleddeploy_identifier, which stores theDeployIdentifierfrom the parent template. This parameter provides a timestamp to the resource for each deployment update. This ensures the resource reapplies on subsequent overcloud updates.
Next, create an environment file (
/home/stack/templates/pre_config.yaml) that registers your heat template as the OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfig resource type.
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfig: /home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml parameter_defaults: nameserver_ip: 192.168.1.1
To apply the configuration, add the environment file to the stack when creating or updating the Overcloud. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /home/stack/templates/pre_config.yaml
This applies the configuration to all nodes before the core configuration begins on either the initial Overcloud creation or subsequent updates.
Important
You can only register these resources to only one Heat template each. Subsequent usage overrides the heat template to use per resource.
6.15. Customizing Overcloud Post-Configuration
A situation might occur where you have completed the creation of your Overcloud but want to add additional configuration, either on initial creation or on a subsequent update of the Overcloud. In this case, you use the
OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost resource to apply configuration using the standard OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig types. This applies additional configuration after the main Overcloud configuration completes.
In this example, you first create a basic heat template (
/home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml) that runs a script to append each node's resolv.conf with a variable nameserver.
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: >
Extra hostname configuration
parameters:
servers:
type: json
nameserver_ip:
type: string
DeployIdentifier:
type: string
resources:
ExtraConfig:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig
properties:
group: script
config:
str_replace:
template: |
#!/bin/sh
echo "nameserver _NAMESERVER_IP_" >> /etc/resolv.conf
params:
_NAMESERVER_IP_: {get_param: nameserver_ip}
ExtraDeployments:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareDeployments
properties:
config: {get_resource: ExtraConfig}
servers: {get_param: servers}
actions: ['CREATE','UPDATE']
input_values:
deploy_identifier: {get_param: DeployIdentifier}
In this example, the `resources` section contains the following:
- ExtraConfig
- This defines a software configuration. In this example, we define a Bash
scriptand Heat replaces_NAMESERVER_IP_with the value stored in thenameserver_ipparameter. - ExtraDeployments
- This executes a software configuration, which is the software configuration from the
ExtraConfigresource. Note the following:- The
serversparameter is provided by the parent template and is mandatory in templates for this hook. input_valuescontains a parameter calleddeploy_identifier, which stores theDeployIdentifierfrom the parent template. This parameter provides a timestamp to the resource for each deployment update. This ensures the resource reapplies on subsequent overcloud updates.
Next, create an environment file (
/home/stack/templates/post_config.yaml) that registers your heat template as the OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost: resource type.
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost: /home/stack/templates/nameserver.yaml parameter_defaults: nameserver_ip: 192.168.1.1
To apply the configuration, add the environment file to the stack when creating or updating the Overcloud. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /home/stack/templates/post_config.yaml
This applies the configuration to all nodes after the core configuration completes on either initial Overcloud creation or subsequent updates.
Important
You can only register the
OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost to only one heat template. Subsequent usage overrides the heat template to use.
6.16. Customizing Puppet Configuration Data
The Heat template collection contains a set of parameters to pass extra configuration to certain node types. These parameters save the configuration as hieradata for the node's Puppet configuration. These parameters are:
- ExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all nodes.
- controllerExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all Controller nodes.
- NovaComputeExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all Compute nodes.
- BlockStorageExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all Block Storage nodes.
- ObjectStorageExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all Object Storage nodes
- CephStorageExtraConfig
- Configuration to add to all Ceph Storage nodes
To add extra configuration to the post-deployment configuration process, create an environment file that contains these parameters in the
parameter_defaults section. For example, to increase the reserved memory for Compute hosts to 1024 MB and set the VNC keymap to Japanese:
parameter_defaults:
NovaComputeExtraConfig:
nova::compute::reserved_host_memory: 1024
nova::compute::vnc_keymap: ja
Include this environment file when running
openstack overcloud deploy.
Important
You can only define each parameter once. Subsequent usage overrides previous values.
6.17. Applying Custom Puppet Configuration
In certain circumstances, you might need to install and configure some additional components to your Overcloud nodes. You can achieve this with a custom Puppet manifest that applies to nodes on after the main configuration completes. As a basic example, you might intend to install
motd to each node. The process for accomplishing is to first create a Heat template (/home/stack/templates/custom_puppet_config.yaml) that launches Puppet configuration.
heat_template_version: 2014-10-16
description: >
Run Puppet extra configuration to set new MOTD
parameters:
servers:
type: json
resources:
ExtraPuppetConfig:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig
properties:
config: {get_file: motd.pp}
group: puppet
options:
enable_hiera: True
enable_facter: False
ExtraPuppetDeployments:
type: OS::Heat::SoftwareDeployments
properties:
config: {get_resource: ExtraPuppetConfig}
servers: {get_param: servers}
This includes the
/home/stack/templates/motd.pp within the template and passes it to nodes for configuration. The motd.pp file itself contains the Puppet classes to install and configure motd.
Next, create an environment file (
/home/stack/templates/puppet_post_config.yaml) that registers your heat template as the OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost: resource type.
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::NodeExtraConfigPost: /home/stack/templates/custom_puppet_config.yaml
And finally include this environment file when creating or updating the Overcloud stack:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /home/stack/templates/puppet_post_config.yaml
This applies the configuration from
motd.pp to all nodes in the Overcloud.
6.18. Using Customized Core Heat Templates
When creating the Overcloud, the director uses a core set of heat templates. You can copy the standard heat templates into a local directory and use these templates for creating your Overcloud.
Copy the heat template collection in
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates to the stack user's templates directory:
$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates ~/templates/my-overcloud
This creates a clone of the Overcloud Heat templates. When running
openstack overcloud deploy, we use the --templates option to specify your local template directory. This occurs later in this scenario (see Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud).
Note
The director uses the default template directory (
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates) if you specify the --templates option without a directory.
Important
Red Hat provides updates to the heat template collection over subsequent releases. Using a modified template collection can lead to a divergence between your custom copy and the original copy in
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates. Red Hat recommends using the methods from the following section instead of modifying the heat template collection:
If creating a copy of the heat template collection, you should track changes to the templates using a version control system such as
git.
Chapter 7. Creating the Overcloud
The final stage in creating your OpenStack environment is to run the
openstack overcloud deploy command to create it. Before running this command, you should familiarize yourself with key options and how to include custom environment files. This chapter discusses the openstack overcloud deploy command and the options associated with it.
Warning
Do not run
openstack overcloud deploy as a background process. The Overcloud creation might hang in mid-deployment if started as a background process.
7.1. Setting Overcloud Parameters
The following table lists the additional parameters when using the
openstack overcloud deploy command.
Table 7.1. Deployment Parameters
|
Parameter
|
Description
|
Example
|
|---|---|---|
|
--templates [TEMPLATES]
|
The directory containing the Heat templates to deploy. If blank, the command uses the default template location at
/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/
|
~/templates/my-overcloud
|
|
--stack STACK
|
The name of the stack to create or update
|
overcloud
|
|
-t [TIMEOUT], --timeout [TIMEOUT]
|
Deployment timeout in minutes
|
240
|
|
--control-scale [CONTROL_SCALE]
|
The number of Controller nodes to scale out
|
3
|
|
--compute-scale [COMPUTE_SCALE]
|
The number of Compute nodes to scale out
|
3
|
|
--ceph-storage-scale [CEPH_STORAGE_SCALE]
|
The number of Ceph Storage nodes to scale out
|
3
|
|
--block-storage-scale [BLOCK_STORAGE_SCALE]
|
The number of Cinder nodes to scale out
|
3
|
|
--swift-storage-scale [SWIFT_STORAGE_SCALE]
|
The number of Swift nodes to scale out
|
3
|
|
--control-flavor [CONTROL_FLAVOR]
|
The flavor to use for Controller nodes
|
control
|
|
--compute-flavor [COMPUTE_FLAVOR]
|
The flavor to use for Compute nodes
|
compute
|
|
--ceph-storage-flavor [CEPH_STORAGE_FLAVOR]
|
The flavor to use for Ceph Storage nodes
|
ceph-storage
|
|
--block-storage-flavor [BLOCK_STORAGE_FLAVOR]
|
The flavor to use for Cinder nodes
|
cinder-storage
|
|
--swift-storage-flavor [SWIFT_STORAGE_FLAVOR]
|
The flavor to use for Swift storage nodes
|
swift-storage
|
|
--neutron-flat-networks [NEUTRON_FLAT_NETWORKS]
|
(DEPRECATED) Defines the flat networks to configure in neutron plugins. Defaults to "datacentre" to permit external network creation
|
datacentre
|
|
--neutron-physical-bridge [NEUTRON_PHYSICAL_BRIDGE]
|
(DEPRECATED) An Open vSwitch bridge to create on each hypervisor. This defaults to "br-ex". Typically, this should not need to be changed
|
br-ex
|
|
--neutron-bridge-mappings [NEUTRON_BRIDGE_MAPPINGS]
|
(DEPRECATED) The logical to physical bridge mappings to use. Defaults to mapping the external bridge on hosts (br-ex) to a physical name (datacentre). You would use this for the default floating network
|
datacentre:br-ex
|
|
--neutron-public-interface [NEUTRON_PUBLIC_INTERFACE]
|
(DEPRECATED) Defines the interface to bridge onto br-ex for network nodes
|
nic1, eth0
|
|
--neutron-network-type [NEUTRON_NETWORK_TYPE]
|
(DEPRECATED) The tenant network type for Neutron
|
gre or vxlan
|
|
--neutron-tunnel-types [NEUTRON_TUNNEL_TYPES]
|
(DEPRECATED) The tunnel types for the Neutron tenant network. To specify multiple values, use a comma separated string
|
'vxlan' 'gre,vxlan'
|
|
--neutron-tunnel-id-ranges [NEUTRON_TUNNEL_ID_RANGES]
|
(DEPRECATED) Ranges of GRE tunnel IDs to make available for tenant network allocation
|
1:1000
|
|
--neutron-vni-ranges [NEUTRON_VNI_RANGES]
|
(DEPRECATED) Ranges of VXLAN VNI IDs to make available for tenant network allocation
|
1:1000
|
|
--neutron-disable-tunneling
|
(DEPRECATED) Disables tunneling in case you aim to use a VLAN segmented network or flat network with Neutron
| |
|
--neutron-network-vlan-ranges [NEUTRON_NETWORK_VLAN_RANGES]
|
(DEPRECATED) The Neutron ML2 and Open vSwitch VLAN mapping range to support. Defaults to permitting any VLAN on the 'datacentre' physical network
|
datacentre:1:1000
|
|
--neutron-mechanism-drivers [NEUTRON_MECHANISM_DRIVERS]
|
(DEPRECATED) The mechanism drivers for the neutron tenant network. Defaults to "openvswitch". To specify multiple values, use a comma-separated string
|
'openvswitch,l2population'
|
|
--libvirt-type [LIBVIRT_TYPE]
|
Virtualization type to use for hypervisors
|
kvm,qemu
|
|
--ntp-server [NTP_SERVER]
|
Network Time Protocol (NTP) server to use to synchronize time. You can also specify multiple NTP servers in a comma-separated list, for example:
--ntp-server 0.centos.pool.org,1.centos.pool.org. For a high availability cluster deployment, it is essential that your controllers are consistently referring to the same time source. Note that a typical environment might already have a designated NTP time source with established practices.
|
pool.ntp.org
|
|
--no-proxy [NO_PROXY]
|
Defines custom values for the environment variable no_proxy, which excludes certain domain extensions from proxy communication
| |
|
--overcloud-ssh-user OVERCLOUD_SSH_USER
|
Defines the SSH user to access the Overcloud nodes. Normally SSH access occurs through the
heat-admin user.
|
ocuser
|
|
-e [EXTRA HEAT TEMPLATE], --extra-template [EXTRA HEAT TEMPLATE]
|
Extra environment files to pass to the Overcloud deployment. Can be specified more than once. Note that the order of environment files passed to the
openstack overcloud deploy command is important. For example, parameters from each sequential environment file override the same parameters from earlier environment files.
|
-e ~/templates/my-config.yaml
|
|
--validation-errors-fatal
|
The Overcloud creation process performs a set of pre-deployment checks. This option exits if any errors occur from the pre-deployment checks. It is advisable to use this option as any errors can cause your deployment to fail.
| |
|
--validation-warnings-fatal
|
The Overcloud creation process performs a set of pre-deployment checks. This option exits if any non-critical warnings occur from the pre-deployment checks.
| |
|
--dry-run
|
Performs validation check on the Overcloud but does not actually create the Overcloud.
| |
|
--rhel-reg
|
Register Overcloud nodes to the Customer Portal or Satellite 6
| |
|
--reg-method
|
Registration method to use for the overcloud nodes
| satellite for Red Hat Satellite 6 or Red Hat Satellite 5, portal for Customer Portal
|
|
--reg-org [REG_ORG]
|
Organization to use for registration
| |
|
--reg-force
|
Register the system even if it is already registered
| |
|
--reg-sat-url [REG_SAT_URL]
|
The base URL of the Satellite server to register Overcloud nodes. Use the Satellite's HTTP URL and not the HTTPS URL for this parameter. For example, use
http://satellite.example.com and not https://satellite.example.com. The Overcloud creation process uses this URL to determine whether the server is a Red Hat Satellite 5 or Red Hat Satellite 6 server. If a Red Hat Satellite 6 server, the Overcloud obtains the katello-ca-consumer-latest.noarch.rpm file, registers with subscription-manager, and installs katello-agent. If a Red Hat Satellite 5 server, the Overcloud obtains the RHN-ORG-TRUSTED-SSL-CERT file and registers with rhnreg_ks.
| |
|
--reg-activation-key [REG_ACTIVATION_KEY]
|
Activation key to use for registration
| |
Note
Run the following command for a full list of options:
$ openstack help overcloud deploy
7.2. Including Environment Files in Overcloud Creation
The
-e includes an environment file to customize your Overcloud. You can include as many environment files as necessary. However, the order of the environment files is important as the parameters and resources defined in subsequent environment files take precedence. Use the following list as an example of the environment file order:
- Any network isolation files, including the initialization file (
environments/network-isolation.yaml) from the heat template collection and then your custom NIC configuration file. See Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks” for more information on network isolation. - Any external load balancing environment files.
- Any storage environment files such as Ceph Storage, NFS, iSCSI, etc.
- Any environment files for Red Hat CDN or Satellite registration.
- Any other custom environment files.
Any environment files added to the Overcloud using the
-e option become part of your Overcloud's stack definition. The director requires these environment files for re-deployment and post-deployment functions in Chapter 8, Performing Tasks after Overcloud Creation. Failure to include these files can result in damage to your Overcloud.
If you aim to later modify the Overcloud configuration, you should:
- Modify parameters in the custom environment files and Heat templates
- Run the
openstack overcloud deploycommand again with the same environment files
Do not edit the Overcloud configuration directly as such manual configuration gets overridden by the director's configuration when updating the Overcloud stack with the director.
Important
Save the original deployment command for later use and modification. For example, save your deployment command in a script file called
deploy-overcloud.sh:
#!/bin/bash openstack overcloud deploy --templates \ -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml \ -e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml \ -e ~/templates/storage-environment.yaml \ -t 150 \ --control-scale 3 \ --compute-scale 3 \ --ceph-storage-scale 3 \ --swift-storage-scale 0 \ --block-storage-scale 0 \ --compute-flavor compute \ --control-flavor control \ --ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage \ --swift-storage-flavor swift-storage \ --block-storage-flavor block-storage \ --ntp-server pool.ntp.org \ --libvirt-type qemu
This retains the Overcloud deployment command's parameters and environment files for future use, such as Overcloud modifications and scaling. You can then edit and rerun this script to suit future customizations to the Overcloud.
7.3. Overcloud Creation Example
The following command is an example of how to start the Overcloud creation with custom environment files included:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml -e ~/templates/storage-environment.yaml --control-scale 3 --compute-scale 3 --ceph-storage-scale 3 --control-flavor control --compute-flavor compute --ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage --ntp-server pool.ntp.org
This command contains the following additional options:
--templates- Creates the Overcloud using the Heat template collection in/usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates.-e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml- The-eoption adds an additional environment file to the Overcloud deployment. In this case, it is an environment file that initializes network isolation configuration.-e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml- The-eoption adds an additional environment file to the Overcloud deployment. In this case, it is the network environment file from Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File”.-e ~/templates/storage-environment.yaml- The-eoption adds an additional environment file to the Overcloud deployment. In this case, it is a custom environment file that initializes our storage configuration.--control-scale 3- Scale the Controller nodes to three.--compute-scale 3- Scale the Compute nodes to three.--ceph-storage-scale 3- Scale the Ceph Storage nodes to three.--control-flavor control- Use the a specific flavor for the Controller nodes.--compute-flavor compute- Use the a specific flavor for the Compute nodes.--ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage- Use the a specific flavor for the Ceph Storage nodes.--ntp-server pool.ntp.org- Use an NTP server for time synchronization. This is useful for keeping the Controller node cluster in synchronization.
7.4. Monitoring the Overcloud Creation
The Overcloud creation process begins and the director provisions your nodes. This process takes some time to complete. To view the status of the Overcloud creation, open a separate terminal as the
stack user and run:
$ source ~/stackrc # Initializes the stack user to use the CLI commands $ heat stack-list --show-nested
The
heat stack-list --show-nested command shows the current stage of the Overcloud creation.
7.5. Accessing the Overcloud
The director generates a script to configure and help authenticate interactions with your Overcloud from the director host. The director saves this file,
overcloudrc, in your stack user's home director. Run the following command to use this file:
$ source ~/overcloudrc
This loads the necessary environment variables to interact with your Overcloud from the director host's CLI. To return to interacting with the director's host, run the following command:
$ source ~/stackrc
Each node in the Overcloud also contains a user called
heat-admin. The stack user has SSH access to this user on each node. To access a node over SSH, find the IP address of the desired node:
$ nova list
Then connect to the node using the
heat-admin user and the node's IP address:
$ ssh heat-admin@192.0.2.23
7.6. Completing the Overcloud Creation
This concludes the creation of the Overcloud. For post-creation functions, see Chapter 8, Performing Tasks after Overcloud Creation.
Chapter 8. Performing Tasks after Overcloud Creation
This chapter explores some of the functions you perform after creating your Overcloud of choice.
8.1. Creating the Overcloud Tenant Network
The Overcloud requires a Tenant network for instances. Source the
overcloud and create an initial Tenant network in Neutron. For example:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ neutron net-create default $ neutron subnet-create --name default --gateway 172.20.1.1 default 172.20.0.0/16
This creates a basic Neutron network called
default. The Overcloud automatically assigns IP addresses from this network using an internal DHCP mechanism.
Confirm the created network with
neutron net-list:
$ neutron net-list +-----------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +-----------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | 95fadaa1-5dda-4777... | default | 7e060813-35c5-462c-a56a-1c6f8f4f332f 172.20.0.0/16 | +-----------------------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
8.2. Creating the Overcloud External Network
You previously configured the node interfaces to use the External network in Section 6.2, “Isolating Networks”. However, you still need to create this network on the Overcloud so that you can assign floating IP addresses to instances.
Using a Native VLAN
This procedure assumes a dedicated interface or native VLAN for the External network.
Source the
overcloud and create an External network in Neutron. For example:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ neutron net-create nova --router:external --provider:network_type flat --provider:physical_network datacentre $ neutron subnet-create --name nova --enable_dhcp=False --allocation-pool=start=10.1.1.51,end=10.1.1.250 --gateway=10.1.1.1 nova 10.1.1.0/24
In this example, you create a network with the name
nova. The Overcloud requires this specific name for the default floating IP pool. This is also important for the validation tests in Section 8.5, “Validating the Overcloud”.
This command also maps the network to the
datacentre physical network. As a default, datacentre maps to the br-ex bridge. Leave this option as the default unless you have used custom neutron settings during the Overcloud creation.
Using a Non-Native VLAN
If not using the native VLAN, assign the network to a VLAN using the following commands:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ neutron net-create nova --router:external --provider:network_type vlan --provider:physical_network datacentre --provider:segmentation_id 104 $ neutron subnet-create --name nova --enable_dhcp=False --allocation-pool=start=10.1.1.51,end=10.1.1.250 --gateway=10.1.1.1 nova 10.1.1.0/24
The
provider:segmentation_id value defines the VLAN to use. In this case, you can use 104.
Confirm the created network with
neutron net-list:
$ neutron net-list +-----------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +-----------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | d474fe1f-222d-4e32... | nova | 01c5f621-1e0f-4b9d-9c30-7dc59592a52f 10.1.1.0/24 | +-----------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------+
8.3. Creating Additional Floating IP Networks
Floating IP networks can use any bridge, not just
br-ex, as long as you meet the following conditions:
NeutronExternalNetworkBridgeis set to"''"in your network environment file.- You have mapped the additional bridge during deployment. For example, to map a new bridge called
br-floatingto thefloatingphysical network:$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml --neutron-bridge-mappings datacentre:br-ex,floating:br-floating
Create the Floating IP network after creating the Overcloud:
$ neutron net-create ext-net --router:external --provider:physical_network floating --provider:network_type vlan --provider:segmentation_id 105 $ neutron subnet-create --name ext-subnet --enable_dhcp=False --allocation-pool start=10.1.2.51,end=10.1.2.250 --gateway 10.1.2.1 ext-net 10.1.2.0/24
8.4. Creating the Overcloud Provider Network
A provider network is a network attached physically to a network existing outside of the deployed Overcloud. This can be an existing infrastructure network or a network that provides external access directly to instances through routing instead of floating IPs.
When creating a provider network, you associate it with a physical network, which uses a bridge mapping. This is similar to floating IP network creation. You add the provider network to both the Controller and the Compute nodes because the Compute nodes attach VM virtual network interfaces directly to the attached network interface.
For example, if the desired provider network is a VLAN on the br-ex bridge, use the following command to add a provider network on VLAN 201:
$ neutron net-create --provider:physical_network datacentre --provider:network_type vlan --provider:segmentation_id 201 --shared provider_network
This command creates a shared network. It is also possible to specify a tenant instead of specifying --shared. That network will only be available to the specified tenant. If you mark a provider network as external, only the operator may create ports on that network.
Add a subnet to a provider network if you want neutron to provide DHCP services to the tenant instances:
$ neutron subnet-create --name provider-subnet --enable_dhcp=True --allocation-pool start=10.9.101.50,end=10.9.101.100 --gateway 10.9.101.254 provider_network 10.9.101.0/24
8.5. Validating the Overcloud
The Overcloud uses Tempest to conduct a series of integration tests. This procedure shows how to validate your Overcloud using Tempest. If running this test from the Undercloud, ensure the Undercloud host has access to the Overcloud's Internal API network. For example, add a temporary VLAN on the Undercloud host to access the Internal API network (ID: 201) using the 172.16.0.201/24 address:
$ source ~/stackrc $ sudo ovs-vsctl add-port br-ctlplane vlan201 tag=201 -- set interface vlan201 type=internal $ sudo ip l set dev vlan201 up; sudo ip addr add 172.16.0.201/24 dev vlan201
Before running Tempest, check that the
heat_stack_owner role exists in your Overcloud:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ openstack role list +----------------------------------+------------------+ | ID | Name | +----------------------------------+------------------+ | 6226a517204846d1a26d15aae1af208f | swiftoperator | | 7c7eb03955e545dd86bbfeb73692738b | heat_stack_owner | +----------------------------------+------------------+
If the role does not exist, create it:
$ keystone role-create --name heat_stack_owner
Set up a
tempest directory in your stack user's home directory and install a local version of the Tempest suite:
$ mkdir ~/tempest $ cd ~/tempest $ /usr/share/openstack-tempest-liberty/tools/configure-tempest-directory
This creates a local version of the Tempest tool set.
After the Overcloud creation process completed, the director created a file named
~/tempest-deployer-input.conf. This file provides a set of Tempest configuration options relevant to your Overcloud. Run the following command to use this file to configure Tempest:
$ tools/config_tempest.py --deployer-input ~/tempest-deployer-input.conf --debug --create identity.uri $OS_AUTH_URL identity.admin_password $OS_PASSWORD --network-id d474fe1f-222d-4e32-9242-cd1fefe9c14b
The
$OS_AUTH_URL and $OS_PASSWORD environment variables use values set from the overcloudrc file sourced previously. The --network-id is the UUID of the external network created in Section 8.2, “Creating the Overcloud External Network”.
Important
The configuration script downloads the Cirros image for the Tempest tests. Make sure the director has access to the Internet or uses a proxy with access to the Internet. Set the
http_proxy environment variable to use a proxy for command line operations.
Run the full suite of Tempest tests with the following command:
$ tools/run-tests.sh
Note
The full Tempest test suite might take hours. Alternatively, run part of the tests using the
'.*smoke' option.
$ tools/run-tests.sh '.*smoke'
Each test runs against the Overcloud, and the subsequent output displays each test and its result. You can see more information about each test in the
tempest.log file generated in the same directory. For example, the output might show the following failed test:
{2} tempest.api.compute.servers.test_servers.ServersTestJSON.test_create_specify_keypair [18.305114s] ... FAILED
This corresponds to a log entry that contains more information. Search the log for the last two parts of the test namespace separated with a colon. In this example, search for
ServersTestJSON:test_create_specify_keypair in the log:
$ grep "ServersTestJSON:test_create_specify_keypair" tempest.log -A 4
2016-03-17 14:49:31.123 10999 INFO tempest_lib.common.rest_client [req-a7a29a52-0a52-4232-9b57-c4f953280e2c ] Request (ServersTestJSON:test_create_specify_keypair): 500 POST http://192.168.201.69:8774/v2/2f8bef15b284456ba58d7b149935cbc8/os-keypairs 4.331s
2016-03-17 14:49:31.123 10999 DEBUG tempest_lib.common.rest_client [req-a7a29a52-0a52-4232-9b57-c4f953280e2c ] Request - Headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Accept': 'application/json', 'X-Auth-Token': '<omitted>'}
Body: {"keypair": {"name": "tempest-key-722237471"}}
Response - Headers: {'status': '500', 'content-length': '128', 'x-compute-request-id': 'req-a7a29a52-0a52-4232-9b57-c4f953280e2c', 'connection': 'close', 'date': 'Thu, 17 Mar 2016 04:49:31 GMT', 'content-type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}
Body: {"computeFault": {"message": "The server has either erred or is incapable of performing the requested operation.", "code": 500}} _log_request_full /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tempest_lib/common/rest_client.py:414
Note
The
-A 4 option shows the next four lines, which are usually the request header and body and response header and body.
After completing the validation, remove any temporary connections to the Overcloud's Internal API. In this example, use the following commands to remove the previously created VLAN on the Undercloud:
$ source ~/stackrc $ sudo ovs-vsctl del-port vlan201
8.6. Fencing the Controller Nodes
Fencing is the process of isolating a node to protect a cluster and its resources. Without fencing, a faulty node can cause data corruption in a cluster.
The director uses Pacemaker to provide a highly available cluster of Controller nodes. Pacemaker uses a process called STONITH (Shoot-The-Other-Node-In-The-Head) to help fence faulty nodes. By default, STONITH is disabled on your cluster and requires manual configuration so that Pacemaker can control the power management of each node in the cluster.
Note
Login to each node as the
heat-admin user from the stack user on the director. The Overcloud creation automatically copies the stack user's SSH key to each node's heat-admin.
Verify you have a running cluster with
pcs status:
$ sudo pcs status Cluster name: openstackHA Last updated: Wed Jun 24 12:40:27 2015 Last change: Wed Jun 24 11:36:18 2015 Stack: corosync Current DC: lb-c1a2 (2) - partition with quorum Version: 1.1.12-a14efad 3 Nodes configured 141 Resources configured
Verify that stonith is disabled with
pcs property show:
$ sudo pcs property show
Cluster Properties:
cluster-infrastructure: corosync
cluster-name: openstackHA
dc-version: 1.1.12-a14efad
have-watchdog: false
stonith-enabled: false
The Controller nodes contain a set of fencing agents for the various power management devices the director supports. This includes:
Table 8.1. Fence Agents
|
Device
|
Type
|
|---|---|
fence_ipmilan
|
The Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
|
fence_idrac, fence_drac5
|
Dell Remote Access Controller (DRAC)
|
fence_ilo
|
Integrated Lights-Out (iLO)
|
fence_ucs
|
Cisco UCS - For more information, see Configuring Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Fencing on an OpenStack High Availability Environment
|
fence_xvm, fence_virt
|
Libvirt and SSH
|
The rest of this section uses the IPMI agent (
fence_ipmilan) as an example.
View a full list of IPMI options that Pacemaker supports:
$ sudo pcs stonith describe fence_ipmilan
Each node requires configuration of IPMI devices to control the power management. This involves adding a
stonith device to Pacemaker for each node. Use the following commands for the cluster:
Note
The second command in each example is to prevent the node from asking to fence itself.
For Controller node 0:
$ sudo pcs stonith create my-ipmilan-for-controller-0 fence_ipmilan pcmk_host_list=overcloud-controller-0 ipaddr=192.0.2.205 login=admin passwd=p@55w0rd! lanplus=1 cipher=1 op monitor interval=60s $ sudo pcs constraint location my-ipmilan-for-controller-0 avoids overcloud-controller-0
For Controller node 1:
$ sudo pcs stonith create my-ipmilan-for-controller-1 fence_ipmilan pcmk_host_list=overcloud-controller-1 ipaddr=192.0.2.206 login=admin passwd=p@55w0rd! lanplus=1 cipher=1 op monitor interval=60s $ sudo pcs constraint location my-ipmilan-for-controller-1 avoids overcloud-controller-1
For Controller node 2:
$ sudo pcs stonith create my-ipmilan-for-controller-2 fence_ipmilan pcmk_host_list=overcloud-controller-2 ipaddr=192.0.2.207 login=admin passwd=p@55w0rd! lanplus=1 cipher=1 op monitor interval=60s $ sudo pcs constraint location my-ipmilan-for-controller-2 avoids overcloud-controller-2
Run the following command to see all stonith resources:
$ sudo pcs stonith show
Run the following command to see a specific stonith resource:
$ sudo pcs stonith show [stonith-name]
Finally, enable fencing by setting the
stonith property to true:
$ sudo pcs property set stonith-enabled=true
Verify the property:
$ sudo pcs property show
8.7. Modifying the Overcloud Environment
Sometimes you might intend to modify the Overcloud to add additional features, or change the way it operates. To modify the Overcloud, make modifications to your custom environment files and Heat templates, then rerun the
openstack overcloud deploy command from your initial Overcloud creation. For example, if you created an Overcloud using Chapter 7, Creating the Overcloud, you would rerun the following command:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml -e ~/templates/storage-environment.yaml --control-scale 3 --compute-scale 3 --ceph-storage-scale 3 --control-flavor control --compute-flavor compute --ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage --ntp-server pool.ntp.org
The director checks the
overcloud stack in heat, and then updates each item in the stack with the environment files and heat templates. It does not recreate the Overcloud, but rather changes the existing Overcloud.
If you aim to include a new environment file, add it to the
openstack overcloud deploy command with a -e option. For example:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e ~/templates/network-environment.yaml -e ~/templates/storage-environment.yaml -e ~/templates/new-environment.yaml --control-scale 3 --compute-scale 3 --ceph-storage-scale 3 --control-flavor control --compute-flavor compute --ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage --ntp-server pool.ntp.org
This includes the new parameters and resources from the environment file into the stack.
Important
It is advisable not to make manual modifications to the Overcloud's configuration as the director might overwrite these modifications later.
8.8. Importing Virtual Machines into the Overcloud
Use the following procedure if you have an existing OpenStack environment and aim to migrate its virtual machines to your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment.
Create a new image by taking a snapshot of a running server and download the image.
$ nova image-create instance_name image_name $ glance image-download image_name --file exported_vm.qcow2
Upload the exported image into the Overcloud and launch a new instance.
$ glance image-create --name imported_image --file exported_vm.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare $ nova boot --poll --key-name default --flavor m1.demo --image imported_image --nic net-id=net_id imported
Important
Each VM disk has to be copied from the existing OpenStack environment and into the new Red Hat OpenStack Platform. Snapshots using QCOW will lose their original layering system.
8.9. Migrating VMs from an Overcloud Compute Node
In some situations, you might perform maintenance on an Overcloud Compute node. To prevent downtime, migrate the VMs on the Compute node to another Compute node in the Overcloud using the following procedures.
The director configures all Compute nodes to provide secure migration. All Compute nodes also require a shared SSH key to provide each host's
nova user with access to other Compute nodes during the migration process. The director creates this key automatically.
Important
The latest update of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8 includes patches required for live migration capabilities. The director's core template collection did not include this functionality in the initial release but is now included in the
openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-0.8.14-29.el7ost package and later versions.
Update your environment to use the Heat templates from the
openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-0.8.14-29.el7ost package or later versions.
For more information, see "Red Hat OpenStack Platform director (TripleO) CVE-2017-2637 bug and Red Hat OpenStack Platform".
Procedure 8.1. Migrating Instances off the Compute Node
- From the director, source the
overcloudrcand obtain a list of the current nova services:$ source ~/stack/overcloudrc $ nova service-list
- Disable the
nova-computeservice on the node you intend to migrate.$ nova service-disable [hostname] nova-compute
This prevents new instances from being scheduled on it. - Begin the process of migrating instances off the node:
$ nova host-servers-migrate [hostname]
- The current status of the migration process can be retrieved with the command:
$ nova migration-list
- When migration of each instance completes, its state in nova will change to
VERIFY_RESIZE. This gives you an opportunity to confirm that the migration completed successfully, or to roll it back. To confirm the migration, use the command:$ nova resize-confirm [server-name]
This migrates all instances from a host. You can now perform maintenance on the host without any instance downtime. To return the host to an enabled state, run the following command:
$ nova service-enable [hostname] nova-compute
8.10. Protecting the Overcloud from Removal
To avoid accidental removal of the Overcloud with the
heat stack-delete overcloud command, Heat contains a set of policies to restrict certain actions. Edit the /etc/heat/policy.json and find the following parameter:
"stacks:delete": "rule:deny_stack_user"
Change it to:
"stacks:delete": "rule:deny_everybody"
Save the file.
This prevents removal of the Overcloud with the
heat client. To allow removal of the Overcloud, revert the policy to the original value.
8.11. Removing the Overcloud
The whole Overcloud can be removed when desired.
Procedure 8.2. Removing the Overcloud
- Delete any existing Overcloud:
$ heat stack-delete overcloud
- Confirm the deletion of the Overcloud:
$ heat stack-list
Deletion takes a few minutes.
Once the removal completes, follow the standard steps in the deployment scenarios to recreate your Overcloud.
Chapter 9. Scaling and Replacing Nodes
There might be situations where you need to add or remove nodes after the creation of the Overcloud. For example, you might need to add more Compute nodes to the Overcloud. This situation requires updating the Overcloud.
Warning
With High Availaibility for Compute instances (or Instance HA, as described in High Availability for Compute Instances), upgrades or scale-up operations are not possible. Any attempts to do so will fail.
If you have Instance HA enabled, disable it before performing an upgrade or scale-up. To do so, perform a rollback as described in Rollback.
Use the following table to determine support for scaling each node type:
Table 9.1. Scale Support for Each Node Type
|
Node Type
|
Scale Up?
|
Scale Down?
|
Notes
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Controller
|
N
|
N
| |
|
Compute
|
Y
|
Y
| |
|
Ceph Storage Nodes
|
Y
|
N
|
You must have at least 1 Ceph Storage node from the initial Overcloud creation.
|
|
Block Storage Nodes
|
N
|
N
| |
|
Object Storage Nodes
|
Y
|
Y
|
Requires manual ring management, which is described in Section 9.6, “Replacing Object Storage Nodes”.
|
Important
Make sure to leave at least 10 GB free space before scaling the Overcloud. This free space accommodates image conversion and caching during the node provisioning process.
9.1. Adding Compute or Ceph Storage Nodes
To add more nodes to the director's node pool, create a new JSON file (for example,
newnodes.json) containing the new node details to register:
{
"nodes":[
{
"mac":[
"dd:dd:dd:dd:dd:dd"
],
"cpu":"4",
"memory":"6144",
"disk":"40",
"arch":"x86_64",
"pm_type":"pxe_ipmitool",
"pm_user":"admin",
"pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
"pm_addr":"192.0.2.207"
},
{
"mac":[
"ee:ee:ee:ee:ee:ee"
],
"cpu":"4",
"memory":"6144",
"disk":"40",
"arch":"x86_64",
"pm_type":"pxe_ipmitool",
"pm_user":"admin",
"pm_password":"p@55w0rd!",
"pm_addr":"192.0.2.208"
}
]
}
See Section 5.1, “Registering Nodes for the Overcloud” for an explanation of these parameters.
Run the following command to register these nodes:
$ openstack baremetal import --json newnodes.json
After registering the new nodes, launch the introspection process for them. Use the following commands for each new node:
$ ironic node-list $ ironic node-set-maintenance [NODE UUID] true $ openstack baremetal introspection start [NODE UUID] $ ironic node-set-maintenance [NODE UUID] false
This detects and benchmarks the hardware properties of the nodes.
After the introspection process completes, tag each new node for its desired role. For example, for a Compute node, use the following command:
$ ironic node-update [NODE UUID] add properties/capabilities='profile:compute,boot_option:local'
Alternatively, you can automatically tag new nodes into desired roles using the Automated Health Check (AHC) Tools. See Appendix C, Automatic Profile Tagging for more information.
Set the boot images to use during the deployment. Find the UUIDs for the
bm-deploy-kernel and bm-deploy-ramdisk images:
$ glance image-list +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | 09b40e3d-0382-4925-a356-3a4b4f36b514 | bm-deploy-kernel | | 765a46af-4417-4592-91e5-a300ead3faf6 | bm-deploy-ramdisk | | ef793cd0-e65c-456a-a675-63cd57610bd5 | overcloud-full | | 9a51a6cb-4670-40de-b64b-b70f4dd44152 | overcloud-full-initrd | | 4f7e33f4-d617-47c1-b36f-cbe90f132e5d | overcloud-full-vmlinuz | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+
Set these UUIDs for the new node's
deploy_kernel and deploy_ramdisk settings:
$ ironic node-update [NODE UUID] add driver_info/deploy_kernel='09b40e3d-0382-4925-a356-3a4b4f36b514' $ ironic node-update [NODE UUID] add driver_info/deploy_ramdisk='765a46af-4417-4592-91e5-a300ead3faf6'
Scaling the Overcloud requires running the
openstack overcloud deploy again with the desired number of nodes for a role. For example, to scale to 5 Compute nodes:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates --compute-scale 5 [OTHER_OPTIONS]
This updates the entire Overcloud stack. Note that this only updates the stack. It does not delete the Overcloud and replace the stack.
Important
Make sure to include all environment files and options from your initial Overcloud creation. This includes the same scale parameters for non-Compute nodes.
9.2. Removing Compute Nodes
There might be situations where you need to remove Compute nodes from the Overcloud. For example, you might need to replace a problematic Compute node.
Important
Before removing a Compute node from the Overcloud, migrate the workload from the node to other Compute nodes. See Section 8.9, “Migrating VMs from an Overcloud Compute Node” for more details.
Next, disable the node's Compute service on the Overcloud. This stops the node from scheduling new instances.
$ source ~/stack/overcloudrc $ nova service-list $ nova service-disable [hostname] nova-compute $ source ~/stack/stackrc
Removing Overcloud nodes requires an update to the
overcloud stack in the director using the local template files. First identify the UUID of the Overcloud stack:
$ heat stack-list
Identify the UUIDs of the nodes to delete:
$ nova list
Run the following command to delete the nodes from the stack and update the plan accordingly:
$ openstack overcloud node delete --stack [STACK_UUID] --templates -e [ENVIRONMENT_FILE] [NODE1_UUID] [NODE2_UUID] [NODE3_UUID]
Important
If you passed any extra environment files when you created the Overcloud, pass them here again using the
-e or --environment-file option to avoid making undesired manual changes to the Overcloud.
Important
Make sure the
openstack overcloud node delete command runs to completion before you continue. Use the openstack stack list command and check the overcloud stack has reached an UPDATE_COMPLETE status.
Finally, remove the node's Compute service:
$ source ~/stack/overcloudrc $ nova service-list $ nova service-delete [service-id] $ source ~/stack/stackrc
And remove the node's Open vSwitch agent:
$ source ~/stack/overcloudrc $ neutron agent-list $ neutron agent-delete [openvswitch-agent-id] $ source ~/stack/stackrc
You are now free to remove the node from the Overcloud and re-provision it for other purposes.
9.3. Replacing Compute Nodes
If a Compute node fails, you can replace the node with a working one. Replacing a Compute node uses the following process:
- Migrate workload off the existing Compute node and shutdown the node. See Section 8.9, “Migrating VMs from an Overcloud Compute Node” for this process.
- Remove the Compute node from the Overcloud. See Section 9.2, “Removing Compute Nodes” for this process.
- Scale out the Overcloud with a new Compute node. See Chapter 9, Scaling and Replacing Nodes for this process.
This process ensures that a node can be replaced without affecting the availability of any instances.
9.4. Replacing Controller Nodes
In certain circumstances a Controller node in a high availability cluster might fail. In these situations, you must remove the node from the cluster and replace it with a new Controller node. This also includes ensuring the node connects to the other nodes in the cluster.
This section provides instructions on how to replace a Controller node. The process involves running the
openstack overcloud deploy command to update the Overcloud with a request to replace a controller node. Note that this process is not completely automatic; during the Overcloud stack update process, the openstack overcloud deploy command will at some point report a failure and halt the Overcloud stack update. At this point, the process requires some manual intervention. Then the openstack overcloud deploy process can continue.
Important
The following procedure only applies to high availability environments. Do not use this procedure if only using one Controller node.
9.4.1. Preliminary Checks
Before attempting to replace an Overcloud Controller node, it is important to check the current state of your Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment. Checking the current state can help avoid complications during the Controller replacement process. Use the following list of preliminary checks to determine if it is safe to perform a Controller node replacement. Run all commands for these checks on the Undercloud.
- Check the current status of the
overcloudstack on the Undercloud:$ source stackrc $ heat stack-list --show-nested
Theovercloudstack and its subsequent child stacks should have either aCREATE_COMPLETEorUPDATE_COMPLETE. - Perform a backup of the Undercloud databases:
$ mkdir /home/stack/backup $ sudo mysqldump --all-databases --quick --single-transaction | gzip > /home/stack/backup/dump_db_undercloud.sql.gz $ sudo systemctl stop openstack-ironic-api.service openstack-ironic-conductor.service openstack-ironic-inspector.service openstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq.service $ sudo cp /var/lib/ironic-inspector/inspector.sqlite /home/stack/backup $ sudo systemctl start openstack-ironic-api.service openstack-ironic-conductor.service openstack-ironic-inspector.service openstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq.service
- Check your Undercloud contains 10 GB free storage to accomodate for image caching and conversion when provisioning the new node.
- Check the status of Pacemaker on the running Controller nodes. For example, if 192.168.0.47 is the IP address of a running Controller node, use the following command to get the Pacemaker status:
$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.47 'sudo pcs status'
The output should show all services running on the existing nodes and stopped on the failed node. - Check the following parameters on each node of the Overcloud's MariaDB cluster:
wsrep_local_state_comment: Syncedwsrep_cluster_size: 2
Use the following command to check these parameters on each running Controller node (respectively using 192.168.0.47 and 192.168.0.46 for IP addresses):$ for i in 192.168.0.47 192.168.0.46 ; do echo "*** $i ***" ; ssh heat-admin@$i "sudo mysql --exec=\"SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_local_state_comment'\" ; sudo mysql --exec=\"SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_cluster_size'\""; done
- Check the RabbitMQ status. For example, if 192.168.0.47 is the IP address of a running Controller node, use the following command to get the status
$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.47 "sudo rabbitmqctl cluster_status"
Therunning_nodeskey should only show the two available nodes and not the failed node. - Disable fencing, if enabled. For example, if 192.168.0.47 is the IP address of a running Controller node, use the following command to disable fencing:
$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.47 "sudo pcs property set stonith-enabled=false"
Check the fencing status with the following command:$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.47 "sudo pcs property show stonith-enabled"
- Check the
nova-computeservice on the director node:$ sudo systemctl status openstack-nova-compute $ nova hypervisor-list
The output should show all non-maintenance mode nodes asup. - Make sure all Undercloud services are running:
$ sudo systemctl list-units httpd\* mariadb\* neutron\* openstack\* openvswitch\* rabbitmq\*
9.4.2. Node Replacement
Identify the index of the node to remove. The node index is the suffix on the instance name from
nova list output.
[stack@director ~]$ nova list +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | ID | Name | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+ | 861408be-4027-4f53-87a6-cd3cf206ba7a | overcloud-compute-0 | | 0966e9ae-f553-447a-9929-c4232432f718 | overcloud-compute-1 | | 9c08fa65-b38c-4b2e-bd47-33870bff06c7 | overcloud-compute-2 | | a7f0f5e1-e7ce-4513-ad2b-81146bc8c5af | overcloud-controller-0 | | cfefaf60-8311-4bc3-9416-6a824a40a9ae | overcloud-controller-1 | | 97a055d4-aefd-481c-82b7-4a5f384036d2 | overcloud-controller-2 | +--------------------------------------+------------------------+
In this example, the aim is to remove the
overcloud-controller-1 node and replace it with overcloud-controller-3. First, set the node into maintenance mode so the director does not reprovision the failed node. Correlate the instance ID from nova list with the node ID from ironic node-list
[stack@director ~]$ ironic node-list +--------------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------+ | UUID | Name | Instance UUID | +--------------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------+ | 36404147-7c8a-41e6-8c72-a6e90afc7584 | None | 7bee57cf-4a58-4eaf-b851-2a8bf6620e48 | | 91eb9ac5-7d52-453c-a017-c0e3d823efd0 | None | None | | 75b25e9a-948d-424a-9b3b-f0ef70a6eacf | None | None | | 038727da-6a5c-425f-bd45-fda2f4bd145b | None | 763bfec2-9354-466a-ae65-2401c13e07e5 | | dc2292e6-4056-46e0-8848-d6e96df1f55d | None | 2017b481-706f-44e1-852a-2ee857c303c4 | | c7eadcea-e377-4392-9fc3-cf2b02b7ec29 | None | 5f73c7d7-4826-49a5-b6be-8bfd558f3b41 | | da3a8d19-8a59-4e9d-923a-6a336fe10284 | None | cfefaf60-8311-4bc3-9416-6a824a40a9ae | | 807cb6ce-6b94-4cd1-9969-5c47560c2eee | None | c07c13e6-a845-4791-9628-260110829c3a | +--------------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------+
Set the node into maintenance mode:
[stack@director ~]$ ironic node-set-maintenance da3a8d19-8a59-4e9d-923a-6a336fe10284 true
Tag the new node as with the
control profile.
[stack@director ~]$ ironic node-update 75b25e9a-948d-424a-9b3b-f0ef70a6eacf add properties/capabilities='profile:control,boot_option:local'
Create a YAML file (
~/templates/remove-controller.yaml) that defines the node index to remove:
parameters:
ControllerRemovalPolicies:
[{'resource_list': ['1']}]
Important
If replacing the node with index 0, edit the heat templates and change the bootstrap node index and node validation index before starting replacement. Create a copy of the director's Heat template collection (see Section 6.18, “Using Customized Core Heat Templates” and run the following command on the
overcloud.yaml file:
$ sed -i "s/resource\.0/resource.1/g" ~/templates/my-overcloud/overcloud.yaml
This changes the node index for the following resources:
ControllerBootstrapNodeConfig:
type: OS::TripleO::BootstrapNode::SoftwareConfig
properties:
bootstrap_nodeid: {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.hostname]}
bootstrap_nodeid_ip: {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.ip_address]}
And:
AllNodesValidationConfig:
type: OS::TripleO::AllNodes::Validation
properties:
PingTestIps:
list_join:
- ' '
- - {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.external_ip_address]}
- {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.internal_api_ip_address]}
- {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.storage_ip_address]}
- {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.storage_mgmt_ip_address]}
- {get_attr: [Controller, resource.0.tenant_ip_address]}
Note
You can speed up the replacement process by reducing the number for tries for settle in Corosync. Include the following hieradata in the `ExtraConfig` parameter in an environment file:
parameter_defaults:
ExtraConfig:
pacemaker::corosync::settle_tries: 5
After identifying the node index, redeploy the Overcloud and include the
remove-controller.yaml environment file:
[stack@director ~]$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates --control-scale 3 -e ~/templates/remove-controller.yaml [OTHER OPTIONS]
Important
If you passed any extra environment files or options when you created the Overcloud, pass them again here to avoid making undesired changes to the Overcloud.
However, note that
-e ~/templates/remove-controller.yaml is only required once in this instance. This is because node removal process happens only once and should not run on subsequent runs.
The director removes the old node, creates a new one, and updates the Overcloud stack. You can check the status of the Overcloud stack with the following command:
[stack@director ~]$ heat stack-list --show-nested
Important
The removal process might cause the
RHELUnregistrationDeployment resource to hang due to the removed Controller node being unavailable. If this occurs, send a signal to the resource using the following commands:
# heat resource-list -n 5 -f name=RHELUnregistrationDeployment overcloud # heat resource-signal [STACK_NAME] RHELUnregistrationDeployment
Replace
[STACK_NAME] with the removed Controller's substack. For example, overcloud-Controller-yfbet6xh6oov-1-f5v5pmcfvv2k-NodeExtraConfig-zuiny44lei3w for Controller node 1.
During the
ControllerNodesPostDeployment stage, the Overcloud stack will time out and halt with an UPDATE_FAILED error at ControllerLoadBalancerDeployment_Step1. This is expected behavior and manual intervention is required as per the next section.
9.4.3. Manual Intervention
During the
ControllerNodesPostDeployment stage, wait until the Overcloud stack times out and halts with an UPDATE_FAILED error at ControllerLoadBalancerDeployment_Step1. This is because some Puppet modules do not support nodes replacement. This point in the process requires some manual intervention. Follow these configuration steps:
- Get a list of IP addresses for the Controller nodes. For example:
[stack@director ~]$ nova list ... +------------------------+ ... +-------------------------+ ... | Name | ... | Networks | ... +------------------------+ ... +-------------------------+ ... | overcloud-compute-0 | ... | ctlplane=192.168.0.44 | ... | overcloud-controller-0 | ... | ctlplane=192.168.0.47 | ... | overcloud-controller-2 | ... | ctlplane=192.168.0.46 | ... | overcloud-controller-3 | ... | ctlplane=192.168.0.48 | ... +------------------------+ ... +-------------------------+
- Check the
nodeidvalue of the removed node in the/etc/corosync/corosync.conffile on an existing node. For example, the existing node isovercloud-controller-0at 192.168.0.47:[stack@director ~]$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.0.47 "sudo cat /etc/corosync/corosync.conf"
This displays anodelistthat contains the ID for the removed node (overcloud-controller-1):nodelist { node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-0 nodeid: 1 } node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-1 nodeid: 2 } node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-2 nodeid: 3 } }Note thenodeidvalue of the removed node for later. In this example, it is 2. - Delete the failed node from the Corosync configuration on each node and restart Corosync. For this example, log into
overcloud-controller-0andovercloud-controller-2and run the following commands:[stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.47 "sudo pcs cluster localnode remove overcloud-controller-1" [stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.47 "sudo pcs cluster reload corosync" [stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.46 "sudo pcs cluster localnode remove overcloud-controller-1" [stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.46 "sudo pcs cluster reload corosync"
- Log into one of the remaining nodes and delete the node from the cluster with the
crm_nodecommand:[stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.47 [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo crm_node -R overcloud-controller-1 --force
Stay logged into this node. - Delete the failed node from the RabbitMQ cluster:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo rabbitmqctl forget_cluster_node rabbit@overcloud-controller-1
- Delete the failed node from MongoDB. First, find the IP address for the node's Interal API connection.
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 27017 tcp 0 0 192.168.0.47:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13415/mongod
Check that the node is theprimaryreplica set:[root@overcloud-controller-0 ~]# echo "db.isMaster()" | mongo --host 192.168.0.47:27017 MongoDB shell version: 2.6.11 connecting to: 192.168.0.47:27017/echo { "setName" : "tripleo", "setVersion" : 1, "ismaster" : true, "secondary" : false, "hosts" : [ "192.168.0.47:27017", "192.168.0.46:27017", "192.168.0.45:27017" ], "primary" : "192.168.0.47:27017", "me" : "192.168.0.47:27017", "electionId" : ObjectId("575919933ea8637676159d28"), "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "maxMessageSizeBytes" : 48000000, "maxWriteBatchSize" : 1000, "localTime" : ISODate("2016-06-09T09:02:43.340Z"), "maxWireVersion" : 2, "minWireVersion" : 0, "ok" : 1 } byeThis should indicate if the current node is the primary. If not, use the IP address of the node indicated in theprimarykey.Connect to MongoDB on the primary node:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ mongo --host 192.168.0.47 MongoDB shell version: 2.6.9 connecting to: 192.168.0.47:27017/test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user tripleo:PRIMARY>
Check the status of the MongoDB cluster:tripleo:PRIMARY> rs.status()
Identify the node using the_idkey and remove the failed node using thenamekey. In this case, we remove Node 1, which has192.168.0.45:27017forname:tripleo:PRIMARY> rs.remove('192.168.0.45:27017')Important
You must run the command against thePRIMARYreplica set. If you see the following message:"replSetReconfig command must be sent to the current replica set primary."
Relog into MongoDB on the node designated asPRIMARY.Note
The following output is normal when removing the failed node's replica set:2016-05-07T03:57:19.541+0000 DBClientCursor::init call() failed 2016-05-07T03:57:19.543+0000 Error: error doing query: failed at src/mongo/shell/query.js:81 2016-05-07T03:57:19.545+0000 trying reconnect to 192.168.0.47:27017 (192.168.0.47) failed 2016-05-07T03:57:19.547+0000 reconnect 192.168.0.47:27017 (192.168.0.47) ok
Exit MongoDB:tripleo:PRIMARY> exit
- Update list of nodes in the Galera cluster:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs resource update galera wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://overcloud-controller-0,overcloud-controller-3,overcloud-controller-2
- Configure the Galera cluster check on the new node. Copy the
/etc/sysconfig/clustercheckfrom the existing node to the same location on the new node. - Configure the
rootuser's Galera access on the new node. Copy the/root/.my.cnffrom the existing node to the same location on the new node. - Add the new node to the cluster:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs cluster node add overcloud-controller-3
- Check the
/etc/corosync/corosync.conffile on each node. If thenodeidof the new node is the same as the removed node, update the value to a new nodeid value. For example, the/etc/corosync/corosync.conffile contains an entry for the new node (overcloud-controller-3):nodelist { node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-0 nodeid: 1 } node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-2 nodeid: 3 } node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-3 nodeid: 2 } }Note that in this example, the new node uses the samenodeidof the removed node. Update this value to a unused node ID value. For example:node { ring0_addr: overcloud-controller-3 nodeid: 4 }Update thisnodeidvalue on each Controller node's/etc/corosync/corosync.conffile, including the new node. - Restart the Corosync service on the existing nodes only. For example, on
overcloud-controller-0:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs cluster reload corosync
And onovercloud-controller-2:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-2 ~]$ sudo pcs cluster reload corosync
Do not run this command on the new node. - Start the new Controller node:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs cluster start overcloud-controller-3
- Enable the keystone service on the new node. Copy the
/etc/keystonedirectory from a remaining node to the director host:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo -i [root@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ scp -r /etc/keystone stack@192.168.0.1:~/.
Log in to the new Controller node. Remove the/etc/keystonedirectory from the new Controller node and copy thekeystonefiles from the director host:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo -i [root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ rm -rf /etc/keystone [root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ scp -r stack@192.168.0.1:~/keystone /etc/. [root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ chown -R keystone: /etc/keystone [root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ chown root /etc/keystone/logging.conf /etc/keystone/default_catalog.templates
Edit/etc/keystone/keystone.confand set theadmin_bind_hostandpublic_bind_hostparameters to new Controller node's IP address. To find these IP addresses, use theip addrcommand and look for the IP address within the following networks:admin_bind_host- Provisioning networkpublic_bind_host- Internal API network
Note
These networks might differ if you deployed the Overcloud using a customServiceNetMapparameter.For example, if the Provisioning network uses the 192.168.0.0/24 subnet and the Internal API uses the 172.17.0.0/24 subnet, use the following commands to find the node’s IP addresses on those networks:[root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ ip addr | grep "192\.168\.0\..*/24" [root@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ ip addr | grep "172\.17\.0\..*/24"
- Enable and restart some services through Pacemaker. The cluster is currently in maintenance mode and you will need to temporarily disable it to enable the service. For example:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs property set maintenance-mode=false --wait
- Wait until the Galera service starts on all nodes.
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs status | grep galera -A1 Master/Slave Set: galera-master [galera] Masters: [ overcloud-controller-0 overcloud-controller-2 overcloud-controller-3 ]
If need be, perform a `cleanup` on the new node:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs resource cleanup galera --node overcloud-controller-3
- Wait until the Keystone service starts on all nodes.
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs status | grep keystone -A1 Clone Set: openstack-keystone-clone [openstack-keystone] Started: [ overcloud-controller-0 overcloud-controller-2 overcloud-controller-3 ]
If need be, perform a `cleanup` on the new node:[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs resource cleanup openstack-keystone-clone --node overcloud-controller-3
- Switch the cluster back into maintenance mode:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-3 ~]$ sudo pcs property set maintenance-mode=true --wait
The manual configuration is complete. Re-run the Overcloud deployment command to continue the stack update:
[stack@director ~]$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates --control-scale 3 [OTHER OPTIONS]
Important
If you passed any extra environment files or options when you created the Overcloud, pass them again here to avoid making undesired changes to the Overcloud.
However, note that the
remove-controller.yaml file is no longer needed.
9.4.4. Finalizing Overcloud Services
After the Overcloud stack update completes, some final configuration is required. Log in to one of the Controller nodes and refresh any stopped services in Pacemaker:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ for i in `sudo pcs status|grep -B2 Stop |grep -v "Stop\|Start"|awk -F"[" '/\[/ {print substr($NF,0,length($NF)-1)}'`; do echo $i; sudo pcs resource cleanup $i; done
Perform a final status check to make sure services are running correctly:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs status
Note
If any services have failed, use the
pcs resource cleanup command to restart them after resolving them.
Add the fencing details for the new node using the procedure in Section 8.6, “Fencing the Controller Nodes” as a guide, then reenable fencing. Use the following command to enable fencing:
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ sudo pcs property set stonith-enabled=true
Exit to the director
[heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ exit
9.4.5. Finalizing Overcloud Network Agents
Source the
overcloudrc file so that you can interact with the Overcloud. Check your routers to make sure the L3 agents are properly hosting the routers in your Overcloud environment. In this example, we use a router with the name r1:
[stack@director ~]$ source ~/overcloudrc [stack@director ~]$ neutron l3-agent-list-hosting-router r1
This list might still show the old node instead of the new node. To replace it, list the L3 network agents in your environment:
[stack@director ~]$ neutron agent-list | grep "neutron-l3-agent"
Identify the UUID for the agents on the new node and the old node. Add the router to the agent on the new node and remove the router from old node. For example:
[stack@director ~]$ neutron l3-agent-router-add fd6b3d6e-7d8c-4e1a-831a-4ec1c9ebb965 r1 [stack@director ~]$ neutron l3-agent-router-remove b40020af-c6dd-4f7a-b426-eba7bac9dbc2 r1
Perform a final check on the router and make all are active:
[stack@director ~]$ neutron l3-agent-list-hosting-router r1
Delete the existing Neutron agents that point to old Controller node. For example:
[stack@director ~]$ neutron agent-list -F id -F host | grep overcloud-controller-1 | ddae8e46-3e8e-4a1b-a8b3-c87f13c294eb | overcloud-controller-1.localdomain | [stack@director ~]$ neutron agent-delete ddae8e46-3e8e-4a1b-a8b3-c87f13c294eb
9.4.6. Finalizing Compute Services
Compute services for the removed node still exist in the Overcloud and require removal. Source the
overcloudrc file so that you can interact with the Overcloud. Check the compute services for the removed node:
[stack@director ~]$ source ~/overcloudrc [stack@director ~]$ nova service-list | grep "overcloud-controller-1.localdomain"
Remove the compute services for the node. For example, if the
nova-scheduler service for overcloud-controller-1.localdomain has an ID of 5, run the following command:
[stack@director ~]$ nova service-delete 5
Perform this task for each service of the removed node.
Check the
openstack-nova-consoleauth service on the new node.
[stack@director ~]$ nova service-list | grep consoleauth
If the service is not running, log into a Controller node and restart the service:
[stack@director] ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.47 [heat-admin@overcloud-controller-0 ~]$ pcs resource restart openstack-nova-consoleauth
9.4.7. Conclusion
The failed Controller node and its related services are now replaced with a new node.
Important
If you disabled automatic ring building for Object Storage, like in Section 9.6, “Replacing Object Storage Nodes”, you need to manually build the Object Storage ring files for the new node. See Section 9.6, “Replacing Object Storage Nodes” for more information on manually building ring files.
9.5. Replacing Ceph Storage Nodes
The director provides a method to replace Ceph Storage nodes in a director-created cluster. You can find these instructions in the Red Hat Ceph Storage for the Overcloud.
9.6. Replacing Object Storage Nodes
To replace nodes on the Object Storage cluster, you need to:
- Update the Overcloud with the new Object Storage nodes and prevent Director from creating the ring files.
- Manually add/remove the nodes to the cluster using
swift-ring-builder.
The following procedure describes how to replace nodes while maintaining the integrity of the cluster. In this example, we have a two node Object Storage cluster. The aim is to add an additional node, then replace the faulty node.
First, create an environment file called
~/templates/swift-ring-prevent.yaml with the following content:
parameter_defaults: SwiftRingBuild: false RingBuild: false ObjectStorageCount: 3
The
SwiftRingBuild and RingBuild parameters define whether the Overcloud automatically builds the ring files for Object Storage and Controller nodes respectively. The ObjectStorageCount defines how many Object Storage nodes in our environment. In this situation, we scale from 2 to 3 nodes.
Include the
swift-ring-prevent.yaml file with the rest of your Overcloud’s environment files as part of the openstack overcloud deploy:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates [ENVIRONMENT_FILES] -e swift-ring-prevent.yaml
Note
Add this file to the end of the environment file list so its parameters supercede previous environment file parameters.
After redeployment completes, the Overcloud now contains an additional Object Storage node. However, the node's storage directory has not been created and ring files for the node's object store are unbuilt. This means you must create the storage directory and build the ring files manually.
Note
Use the following procedure to also build ring files on Controller nodes.
Login to the new node and create the storage directory:
$ sudo mkdir -p /srv/node/d1 $ sudo chown -R swift:swift /srv/node/d1
Note
You can also mount an external storage device at this directory.
Copy the existing ring files to the node. Log into a Controller node as the
heat-admin user and then change to the superuser. For example, given a Controller node with an IP address of 192.168.201.24.
$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.24 $ sudo -i
Copy the
/etc/swift/*.builder files from the Controller node to the new Object Storage node's /etc/swift/ directory. If necessary, transfer the files to the director host:
[root@overcloud-controller-0 ~]# scp /etc/swift/*.builder stack@192.1.2.1:~/.
Then transfer the files to the new node:
[stack@director ~]$ scp ~/*.builder heat-admin@192.1.2.24:~/.
Log into the new Object Storage node as the
heat-admin user and then change to the superuser. For example, given a Object Storage node with an IP address of 192.168.201.29.
$ ssh heat-admin@192.168.201.29 $ sudo -i
Copy the files to the
/etc/swift directory:
# cp /home/heat-admin/*.builder /etc/swift/.
Add the new Object Storage node to the account, container, and object rings. Run the following commands for the new node:
# swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/account.builder add zX-IP:6002/d1 weight # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/container.builder add zX-IP:6001/d1 weight # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/object.builder add zX-IP:6000/d1 weight
Replace the following values in these commands:
- zX
- Replace X with the corresponding integer of a specified zone (for example, z1 for Zone 1).
- IP
- The IP that the account, container, and object services use to listen. This should match the IP address of each storage node; specifically, the value of
bind_ipin theDEFAULTsections of/etc/swift/object-server.conf,/etc/swift/account-server.conf, and/etc/swift/container-server.conf. - weight
- Describes relative weight of the device in comparison to other devices. This is usually 100.
Note
Check the existing values of the current nodes in the ring file using the
swift-ring-builder on the rings files alone:
# swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/account.builder
Remove the node you aim to replace from the account, container, and object rings. Run the following commands for each node:
# swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/account.builder remove IP # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/container.builder remove IP # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/object.builder remove IP
Replace IP with the IP address of the node.
Redistribute the partitions across all the nodes:
# swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/account.builder rebalance # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/container.builder rebalance # swift-ring-builder /etc/swift/object.builder rebalance
Change the ownership of all
/etc/swift/ contents to the root user and swift group:
# chown -R root:swift /etc/swift
Restart the
openstack-swift-proxy service:
# systemctl restart openstack-swift-proxy.service
At this point, the ring files (*.ring.gz and *.builder) should be updated on the new node:
/etc/swift/account.builder /etc/swift/account.ring.gz /etc/swift/container.builder /etc/swift/container.ring.gz /etc/swift/object.builder /etc/swift/object.ring.gz
Copy these files to
/etc/swift/ on the Controller nodes and the existing Object Storage nodes (except for the node to remove). If necessary, transfer the files to the director host:
[root@overcloud-objectstorage-2 swift]# scp *.builder stack@192.1.2.1:~/ [root@overcloud-objectstorage-2 swift]# scp *.ring.gz stack@192.1.2.1:~/
Then copy the files to the
/etc/swift/ on each node.
On each node, change the ownership of all
/etc/swift/ contents to the root user and swift group:
# chown -R root:swift /etc/swift
The new node is added and a part of the ring. Before removing the old node from the ring, check that the new node completes a full data replication pass.
To remove the old node from the ring, reduce the
ObjectStorageCount to the omit the old ring. In this case, we reduce from 3 to 2:
parameter_defaults: SwiftRingBuild: false RingBuild: false ObjectStorageCount: 2
Create a new environment file (
remove-object-node.yaml) to identify and remove the old Object Storage node. In this case, we remove overcloud-objectstorage-1:
parameter_defaults:
ObjectStorageRemovalPolicies:
[{'resource_list': ['1']}]
Include both environment files with the deployment command:
$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e swift-ring-prevent.yaml -e remove-object-node.yaml ...
The director deletes the Object Storage node from the Overcloud and updates the rest of the nodes on the Overcloud to accommodate the node removal.
Chapter 10. Rebooting the Overcloud
Some situations require a reboot of nodes in the undercloud and overcloud. The following procedures show how to reboot different node types. Be aware of the following notes:
- If rebooting all nodes in one role, it is advisable to reboot each node individually. This helps retain services for that role during the reboot.
- If rebooting all nodes in your OpenStack Platform environment, use the following list to guide the reboot order:
Recommended Node Reboot Order
- Reboot the director
- Reboot Controller nodes
- Reboot Ceph Storage nodes
- Reboot Compute nodes
- Reboot object Storage nodes
10.1. Rebooting the Director
To reboot the director node, follow this process:
- Reboot the node:
$ sudo reboot
- Wait until the node boots.
When the node boots, check the status of all services:
$ sudo systemctl list-units "openstack*" "neutron*" "openvswitch*"
Verify the existence of your Overcloud and its nodes:
$ source ~/stackrc $ nova list $ ironic node-list $ heat stack-list
10.2. Rebooting Controller Nodes
To reboot the Controller nodes, follow this process:
- Select a node to reboot. Log into it and reboot it:
$ sudo reboot
The remaining Controller Nodes in the cluster retain the high availability services during the reboot. - Wait until the node boots.
- Log into the node and check the cluster status:
$ sudo pcs status
The node rejoins the cluster.Note
If any services fail after the reboot, run sudopcs resource cleanup, which cleans the errors and sets the state of each resource toStarted. If any errors persist, contact Red Hat and request guidance and assistance. - Log out of the node, select the next Controller Node to reboot, and repeat this procedure until you have rebooted all Controller Nodes.
10.3. Rebooting Ceph Storage Nodes
To reboot the Ceph Storage nodes, follow this process:
- Select the first Ceph Storage node to reboot and log into it.
- Disable Ceph Storage cluster rebalancing temporarily:
$ sudo ceph osd set noout $ sudo ceph osd set norebalance
- Reboot the node:
$ sudo reboot
- Wait until the node boots.
- Log into the node and check the cluster status:
$ sudo ceph -s
Check that thepgmapreports allpgsas normal (active+clean). - Log out of the node, reboot the next node, and check its status. Repeat this process until you have rebooted all Ceph storage nodes.
- When complete, enable cluster rebalancing again:
$ sudo ceph osd unset noout $ sudo ceph osd unset norebalance
- Perform a final status check to make sure the cluster reports
HEALTH_OK:$ sudo ceph status
10.4. Rebooting Compute Nodes
Reboot each Compute node individually and ensure zero downtime of instances in your OpenStack Platform environment. This involves the following workflow:
- Select a Compute node to reboot
- Migrate its instances to another Compute node
- Reboot the empty Compute node
From the undercloud, list all Compute nodes and their UUIDs:
$ source ~/stackrc $ nova list | grep "compute"
Select a Compute node to reboot and first migrate its instances using the following process:
- From the undercloud, select a Compute Node to reboot and disable it:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ nova service-list $ nova service-disable [hostname] nova-compute
- List all instances on the Compute node:
$ nova list --host [hostname]
- Select a second Compute Node to act as the target host for migrating instances. This host needs enough resources to host the migrated instances. From the undercloud, migrate each instance from the disabled host to the target host.
$ nova live-migration [instance-name] [target-hostname] $ nova migration-list $ nova resize-confirm [instance-name]
- Repeat this step until you have migrated all instances from the Compute Node.
Important
For full instructions on configuring and migrating instances, see Section 8.9, “Migrating VMs from an Overcloud Compute Node”.
Reboot the Compute node using the following process
- Log into the Compute Node and reboot it:
$ sudo reboot
- Wait until the node boots.
- Enable the Compute Node again:
$ source ~/overcloudrc $ nova service-enable [hostname] nova-compute
- Select the next node to reboot.
10.5. Rebooting Object Storage Nodes
To reboot the Object Storage nodes, follow this process:
- Select a Object Storage node to reboot. Log into it and reboot it:
$ sudo reboot
- Wait until the node boots.
- Log into the node and check the status:
$ sudo systemctl list-units "openstack-swift*"
- Log out of the node and repeat this process on the next Object Storage node.
Chapter 11. Troubleshooting Director Issues
An error can occur at certain stages of the director's processes. This section provides some information for diagnosing common problems.
Note the common logs for the director's components:
- The
/var/logdirectory contains logs for many common OpenStack Platform components as well as logs for standard Red Hat Enterprise Linux applications. - The
journaldservice provides logs for various components. Note that ironic uses two units:openstack-ironic-apiandopenstack-ironic-conductor. Likewise,ironic-inspectoruses two units as well:openstack-ironic-inspectorandopenstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq. Use both units for each respective component. For example:$ sudo journalctl -u openstack-ironic-inspector -u openstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq
ironic-inspectoralso stores the ramdisk logs in/var/log/ironic-inspector/ramdisk/as gz-compressed tar files. Filenames contain date, time, and the IPMI address of the node. Use these logs for diagnosing introspection issues.
11.1. Troubleshooting Node Registration
Issues with node registration usually arise from issues with incorrect node details. In this case, use
ironic to fix problems with node data registered. Here are a few examples:
Procedure 11.1. Fixing an Incorrect MAC Address
- Find out the assigned port UUID:
$ ironic node-port-list [NODE UUID]
- Update the MAC address:
$ ironic port-update [PORT UUID] replace address=[NEW MAC]
Procedure 11.2. Fix an Incorrect IPMI Address
- Run the following command:
$ ironic node-update [NODE UUID] replace driver_info/ipmi_address=[NEW IPMI ADDRESS]
11.2. Troubleshooting Hardware Introspection
The discovery and introspection process must run to completion. However, ironic's Discovery daemon (
ironic-inspector) times out after a default 1 hour period if the discovery ramdisk provides no response. Sometimes this might indicate a bug in the discovery ramdisk but usually it happens due to an environment misconfiguration, particularly BIOS boot settings.
Here are some common scenarios where environment misconfiguration occurs and advice on how to diagnose and resolve them.
Errors with Starting Node Introspection
Normally the introspection process uses the
baremetal introspection, which acts an an umbrella command for ironic's services. However, if running the introspection directly with ironic-inspector, it might fail to discover nodes in the AVAILABLE state, which is meant for deployment and not for discovery. Change the node status to the MANAGEABLE state before discovery:
$ ironic node-set-provision-state [NODE UUID] manage
Then, when discovery completes, change back to AVAILABLE before provisioning:
$ ironic node-set-provision-state [NODE UUID] provide
Introspected node is not booting in PXE
Before a node reboots,
ironic-inspector adds the MAC address of the node to the Undercloud firewall's ironic-inspector chain. This allows the node to boot over PXE. To verify the correct configuration, run the following command:
$ sudo iptables -L
The output should display the following chain table with the MAC address:
Chain ironic-inspector (1 references) target prot opt source destination DROP all -- anywhere anywhere MAC xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
If the MAC address is not there, the most common cause is a corruption in the
ironic-inspector cache, which is in an SQLite database. To fix it, delete the SQLite file:
$ sudo rm /var/lib/ironic-inspector/inspector.sqlite
And recreate it:
$ sudo ironic-inspector-dbsync --config-file /etc/ironic-inspector/inspector.conf upgrade $ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-inspector
Stopping the Discovery Process
Currently
ironic-inspector does not provide a direct means for stopping discovery. The recommended path is to wait until the process times out. If necessary, change the timeout setting in /etc/ironic-inspector/inspector.conf to change the timeout period to another period in minutes.
In worst case scenarios, you can stop discovery for all nodes using the following process:
Procedure 11.3. Stopping the Discovery Process
- Change the power state of each node to off:
$ ironic node-set-power-state [NODE UUID] off
- Remove
ironic-inspectorcache and restart it:$ rm /var/lib/ironic-inspector/inspector.sqlite $ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-inspector
- Resynchronize the
ironic-inspectorcache:$ sudo ironic-inspector-dbsync --config-file /etc/ironic-inspector/inspector.conf upgrade
Accessing the Introspection Ramdisk
The introspection ramdisk uses a dynamic login element. This means you can provide either a temporary password or an SSH key to access the node during introspection debugging. Use the following process to set up ramdisk access:
- Provide a temporary password to the
openssl passwd -1command to generate an MD5 hash. For example:$ openssl passwd -1 mytestpassword $1$enjRSyIw$/fYUpJwr6abFy/d.koRgQ/
- Edit the
/httpboot/inspector.ipxefile, find the line starting withkernel, and append therootpwdparameter and the MD5 hash. For example:kernel http://192.2.0.1:8088/agent.kernel ipa-inspection-callback-url=http://192.168.0.1:5050/v1/continue ipa-inspection-collectors=default,extra-hardware,logs systemd.journald.forward_to_console=yes BOOTIF=${mac} ipa-debug=1 ipa-inspection-benchmarks=cpu,mem,disk rootpwd="$1$enjRSyIw$/fYUpJwr6abFy/d.koRgQ/" selinux=0Alternatively, you can append thesshkeyparameter with your public SSH key.Note
Quotation marks are required for both therootpwdandsshkeyparameters. - Start the introspection and find the IP address from either the
arpcommand or the DHCP logs:$ arp $ sudo journalctl -u openstack-ironic-inspector-dnsmasq
- SSH as a root user with the temporary password or the SSH key.
$ ssh root@192.0.2.105
Checking the Introspection Storage
The director uses OpenStack Object Storage (swift) to save the hardware data obtained during the introspection process. If this service is not running, the introspection can fail. Check all services related to OpenStack Object Storage to ensure the service is running:
$ sudo systemctl list-units openstack-swift*
11.3. Troubleshooting Overcloud Creation
There are three layers where the deployment can fail:
- Orchestration (heat and nova services)
- Bare Metal Provisioning (ironic service)
- Post-Deployment Configuration (Puppet)
If an Overcloud deployment has failed at any of these levels, use the OpenStack clients and service log files to diagnose the failed deployment.
11.3.1. Orchestration
In most cases, Heat shows the failed Overcloud stack after the Overcloud creation fails:
$ heat stack-list +-----------------------+------------+--------------------+----------------------+ | id | stack_name | stack_status | creation_time | +-----------------------+------------+--------------------+----------------------+ | 7e88af95-535c-4a55... | overcloud | CREATE_FAILED | 2015-04-06T17:57:16Z | +-----------------------+------------+--------------------+----------------------+
If the stack list is empty, this indicates an issue with the initial Heat setup. Check your Heat templates and configuration options, and check for any error messages that presented after running
openstack overcloud deploy.
11.3.2. Bare Metal Provisioning
Check
ironic to see all registered nodes and their current status:
$ ironic node-list +----------+------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-------------+ | UUID | Name | Instance UUID | Power State | Provision State | Maintenance | +----------+------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-------------+ | f1e261...| None | None | power off | available | False | | f0b8c1...| None | None | power off | available | False | +----------+------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-------------+
Here are some common issues that arise from the provisioning process.
- Review the Provision State and Maintenance columns in the resulting table. Check for the following:
- An empty table, or fewer nodes than you expect
- Maintenance is set to True
- Provision State is set to
manageable
This usually indicates an issue with the registration or discovery processes. For example, if Maintenance sets itself to True automatically, the nodes are usually using the wrong power management credentials. - If Provision State is
available, then the problem occurred before bare metal deployment has even started. - If Provision State is
activeand Power State ispower on, the bare metal deployment has finished successfully. This means that the problem occurred during the post-deployment configuration step. - If Provision State is
wait call-backfor a node, the bare metal provisioning process has not yet finished for this node. Wait until this status changes, otherwise, connect to the virtual console of the failed node and check the output. - If Provision State is
errorordeploy failed, then bare metal provisioning has failed for this node. Check the bare metal node's details:$ ironic node-show [NODE UUID]
Look forlast_errorfield, which contains error description. If the error message is vague, you can use logs to clarify it:$ sudo journalctl -u openstack-ironic-conductor -u openstack-ironic-api
- If you see
wait timeout errorand the node Power State ispower on, connect to the virtual console of the failed node and check the output.
11.3.3. Post-Deployment Configuration
Many things can occur during the configuration stage. For example, a particular Puppet module could fail to complete due to an issue with the setup. This section provides a process to diagnose such issues.
Procedure 11.4. Diagnosing Post-Deployment Configuration Issues
- List all the resources from the Overcloud stack to see which one failed:
$ heat resource-list overcloud
This shows a table of all resources and their states. Look for any resources with aCREATE_FAILED. - Show the failed resource:
$ heat resource-show overcloud [FAILED RESOURCE]
Check for any information in theresource_status_reasonfield that can help your diagnosis. - Use the
novacommand to see the IP addresses of the Overcloud nodes.$ nova list
Log in as theheat-adminuser to one of the deployed nodes. For example, if the stack's resource list shows the error occurred on a Controller node, log in to a Controller node. Theheat-adminuser has sudo access.$ ssh heat-admin@192.0.2.14
- Check the
os-collect-configlog for a possible reason for the failure.$ sudo journalctl -u os-collect-config
- In some cases, nova fails deploying the node in entirety. This situation would be indicated by a failed
OS::Heat::ResourceGroupfor one of the Overcloud role types. Usenovato see the failure in this case.$ nova list $ nova show [SERVER ID]
The most common error shown will reference the error messageNo valid host was found. See Section 11.5, “Troubleshooting "No Valid Host Found" Errors” for details on troubleshooting this error. In other cases, look at the following log files for further troubleshooting:/var/log/nova/*/var/log/heat/*/var/log/ironic/*
- Use the SOS toolset, which gathers information about system hardware and configuration. Use this information for diagnostic purposes and debugging. SOS is commonly used to help support technicians and developers. SOS is useful on both the Undercloud and Overcloud. Install the
sospackage:$ sudo yum install sos
Generate a report:$ sudo sosreport --all-logs
The post-deployment process for Controller nodes uses six main steps for the deployment. This includes:
Table 11.1. Controller Node Configuration Steps
|
Step
|
Description
|
|---|---|
ControllerLoadBalancerDeployment_Step1
|
Initial load balancing software configuration, including Pacemaker, RabbitMQ, Memcached, Redis, and Galera.
|
ControllerServicesBaseDeployment_Step2
|
Initial cluster configuration, including Pacemaker configuration, HAProxy, MongoDB, Galera, Ceph Monitor, and database initialization for OpenStack Platform services.
|
ControllerRingbuilderDeployment_Step3
|
Initial ring build for OpenStack Object Storage (
swift).
|
ControllerOvercloudServicesDeployment_Step4
|
Configuration of all OpenStack Platform services (
nova, neutron, cinder, sahara, ceilometer, heat, horizon, aodh, gnocchi).
|
ControllerOvercloudServicesDeployment_Step5
|
Configure service start up settings in Pacemaker, including constraints to determine service start up order and service start up parameters.
|
ControllerOvercloudServicesDeployment_Step6
|
Final pass of the Overcloud configuration.
|
11.4. Troubleshooting IP Address Conflicts on the Provisioning Network
Discovery and deployment tasks will fail if the destination hosts are allocated an IP address which is already in use. To avoid this issue, you can perform a port scan of the Provisioning network to determine whether the discovery IP range and host IP range are free.
Perform the following steps from the Undercloud host:
Procedure 11.5. Identify active IP addresses
- Install
nmap:# yum install nmap
- Use
nmapto scan the IP address range for active addresses. This example scans the192.0.2.0/24range, replace this with the IP subnet of the Provisioning network (using CIDR bitmask notation):# nmap -sn 192.0.2.0/24
- Review the output of the
nmapscan:For example, you should see the IP address(es) of the Undercloud, and any other hosts that are present on the subnet. If any of the active IP addresses conflict with the IP ranges inundercloud.conf, you will need to either change the IP address ranges or free up the IP addresses before introspecting or deploying the Overcloud nodes.# nmap -sn 192.0.2.0/24 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-10-02 15:14 EDT Nmap scan report for 192.0.2.1 Host is up (0.00057s latency). Nmap scan report for 192.0.2.2 Host is up (0.00048s latency). Nmap scan report for 192.0.2.3 Host is up (0.00045s latency). Nmap scan report for 192.0.2.5 Host is up (0.00040s latency). Nmap scan report for 192.0.2.9 Host is up (0.00019s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (5 hosts up) scanned in 2.45 seconds
11.5. Troubleshooting "No Valid Host Found" Errors
Sometimes the
/var/log/nova/nova-conductor.log contains the following error:
NoValidHost: No valid host was found. There are not enough hosts available.
This means the nova Scheduler could not find a bare metal node suitable for booting the new instance. This in turn usually means a mismatch between resources that nova expects to find and resources that ironic advertised to nova. Check the following in this case:
- Make sure introspection succeeds for you. Otherwise check that each node contains the required ironic node properties. For each node:
$ ironic node-show [NODE UUID]
Check thepropertiesJSON field has valid values for keyscpus,cpu_arch,memory_mbandlocal_gb. - Check that the nova flavor used does not exceed the ironic node properties above for a required number of nodes:
$ nova flavor-show [FLAVOR NAME]
- Check that sufficient nodes are in the
availablestate according toironic node-list. Nodes inmanageablestate usually mean a failed introspection. - Check the nodes are not in maintenance mode. Use
ironic node-listto check. A node automatically changing to maintenance mode usually means incorrect power credentials. Check them and then remove maintenance mode:$ ironic node-set-maintenance [NODE UUID] off
- If you're using the Automated Health Check (AHC) tools to perform automatic node tagging, check that you have enough nodes corresponding to each flavor/profile. Check the
capabilitieskey inpropertiesfield forironic node-show. For example, a node tagged for the Compute role should containprofile:compute. - It takes some time for node information to propagate from ironic to nova after introspection. The director's tool usually accounts for it. However, if you performed some steps manually, there might be a short period of time when nodes are not available to nova. Use the following command to check the total resources in your system.:
$ nova hypervisor-stats
11.6. Troubleshooting the Overcloud after Creation
After creating your Overcloud, you might want to perform certain Overcloud operations in the future. For example, you might aim to scale your available nodes, or replace faulty nodes. Certain issues might arise when performing these operations. This section provides some advice to diagnose and troubleshoot failed post-creation operations.
11.6.1. Overcloud Stack Modifications
Problems can occur when modifying the
overcloud stack through the director. Example of stack modifications include:
- Scaling Nodes
- Removing Nodes
- Replacing Nodes
Modifying the stack is similar to the process of creating the stack, in that the director checks the availability of the requested number of nodes, provisions additional or removes existing nodes, and then applies the Puppet configuration. Here are some guidelines to follow in situations when modifying the
overcloud stack.
As an initial step, follow the advice set in Section 11.3, “Troubleshooting Overcloud Creation”. These same steps can help diagnose problems with updating the
Overcloud heat stack. In particular, use the following command to help identify problematic resources:
heat stack-list --show-nested- List all stacks. The
--show-nesteddisplays all child stacks and their respective parent stacks. This command helps identify the point where a stack failed. heat resource-list overcloud- List all resources in the
overcloudstack and their current states. This helps identify which resource is causing failures in the stack. You can trace this resource failure to its respective parameters and configuration in the heat template collection and the Puppet modules. heat event-list overcloud- List all events related to the
overcloudstack in chronological order. This includes the initiation, completion, and failure of all resources in the stack. This helps identify points of resource failure.
The next few sections provide advice to diagnose issues on specific node types.
11.6.2. Controller Service Failures
The Overcloud Controller nodes contain the bulk of Red Hat OpenStack Platform services. Likewise, you might use multiple Controller nodes in a high availability cluster. If a certain service on a node is faulty, the high availability cluster provides a certain level of failover. However, it then becomes necessary to diagnose the faulty service to ensure your Overcloud operates at full capacity.
The Controller nodes use Pacemaker to manage the resources and services in the high availability cluster. The Pacemaker Configuration System (
pcs) command is a tool that manages a Pacemaker cluster. Run this command on a Controller node in the cluster to perform configuration and monitoring functions. Here are few commands to help troubleshoot Overcloud services on a high availability cluster:
pcs status- Provides a status overview of the entire cluster including enabled resources, failed resources, and online nodes.
pcs resource show- Shows a list of resources, and their respective nodes.
pcs resource disable [resource]- Stop a particular resource.
pcs resource enable [resource]- Start a particular resource.
pcs cluster standby [node]- Place a node in standby mode. The node is no longer available in the cluster. This is useful for performing maintenance on a specific node without affecting the cluster.
pcs cluster unstandby [node]- Remove a node from standby mode. The node becomes available in the cluster again.
Use these Pacemaker commands to identify the faulty component and/or node. After identifying the component, view the respective component log file in
/var/log/.
11.6.3. Compute Service Failures
Compute nodes use the Compute service to perform hypervisor-based operations. This means the main diagnosis for Compute nodes revolves around this service. For example:
- View the status of the service using the following
systemdfunction:$ sudo systemctl status openstack-nova-compute.service
Likewise, view thesystemdjournal for the service using the following command:$ sudo journalctl -u openstack-nova-compute.service
- The primary log file for Compute nodes is
/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log. If issues occur with Compute node communication, this log file is usually a good place to start a diagnosis. - If performing maintenance on the Compute node, migrate the existing instances from the host to an operational Compute node, then disable the node. See Section 8.9, “Migrating VMs from an Overcloud Compute Node” for more information on node migrations.
11.6.4. Ceph Storage Service Failures
For any issues that occur with Red Hat Ceph Storage clusters, see Part X. Logging and Debugging in the Red Hat Ceph Storage Configuration Guide. This section provides information on diagnosing logs for all Ceph storage services.
11.7. Tuning the Undercloud
The advice in this section aims to help increase the performance of your Undercloud. Implement the recommendations as necessary.
- The OpenStack Authentication service (
keystone) uses a token-based system for access to other OpenStack services. After a certain period, the database accumulates many unused tokens. It is recommended you create a cronjob to flush the token table in the database. For example, to flush the token table at 4 a.m. each day:0 04 * * * /bin/keystone-manage token_flush
- Heat stores a copy of all template files in its database's
raw_templatetable each time you runopenstack overcloud deploy. Theraw_templatetable retains all past templates and grows in size. To remove unused templates in theraw_templatestable, create a daily cronjob that clears unused templates that exist in the database for longer than a day:0 04 * * * /bin/heat-manage purge_deleted -g days 1
- The
openstack-heat-engineandopenstack-heat-apiservices might consume too many resources at times. If so, setmax_resources_per_stack=-1in/etc/heat/heat.confand restart the heat services:$ sudo systemctl restart openstack-heat-engine openstack-heat-api
- Sometimes the director might not have enough resources to perform concurrent node provisioning. The default is 10 nodes at the same time. To reduce the number of concurrent nodes, set the
max_concurrent_buildsparameter in/etc/nova/nova.confto a value less than 10 and restart the nova services:$ sudo systemctl restart openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-scheduler
- Edit the
/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnffile. Some recommended values to tune include:- max_connections
- Number of simultaneous connections to the database. The recommended value is 4096.
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
- The size in bytes of a memory pool the database uses to store data dictionary information and other internal data structures. The default is usually 8M and an ideal value is 20M for the Undercloud.
- innodb_buffer_pool_size
- The size in bytes of the buffer pool, the memory area where the database caches table and index data. The default is usually 128M and an ideal value is 1000M for the Undercloud.
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
- Controls the balance between strict ACID compliance for commit operations, and higher performance that is possible when commit-related I/O operations are rearranged and done in batches. Set to 1.
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout
- The length of time in seconds a database transaction waits for a row lock before giving up. Set to 50.
- innodb_max_purge_lag
- This variable controls how to delay INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations when purge operations are lagging. Set to 10000.
- innodb_thread_concurrency
- The limit of concurrent operating system threads. Ideally, provide at least two threads for each CPU and disk resource. For example, if using a quad-core CPU and a single disk, use 10 threads.
- Ensure that heat has enough workers to perform an Overcloud creation. Usually, this depends on how many CPUs the Undercloud has. To manually set the number of workers, edit the
/etc/heat/heat.conffile, set thenum_engine_workersparameter to the number of workers you need (ideally 4), and restart the heat engine:$ sudo systemctl restart openstack-heat-engine
11.8. Important Logs for Undercloud and Overcloud
Use the following logs to find out information about the Undercloud and Overcloud when troubleshooting.
Table 11.2. Important Logs for Undercloud and Overcloud
|
Information
|
Undercloud or Overcloud
|
Log Location
|
|---|---|---|
|
General director services
|
Undercloud
| /var/log/nova/*
/var/log/heat/*
/var/log/ironic/*
|
|
Introspection
|
Undercloud
| /var/log/ironic/*
/var/log/ironic-inspector/*
|
|
Provisioning
|
Undercloud
| /var/log/ironic/*
|
|
Cloud-Init Log
|
Overcloud
| /var/log/cloud-init.log
|
|
Overcloud Configuration (Summary of Last Puppet Run)
|
Overcloud
| /var/lib/puppet/state/last_run_summary.yaml
|
|
Overcloud Configuration (Report from Last Puppet Run)
|
Overcloud
| /var/lib/puppet/state/last_run_report.yaml
|
|
Overcloud Configuration (All Puppet Reports)
|
Overcloud
| /var/lib/puppet/reports/overcloud-*/*
|
|
General Overcloud services
|
Overcloud
| /var/log/ceilometer/*
/var/log/ceph/*
/var/log/cinder/*
/var/log/glance/*
/var/log/heat/*
/var/log/horizon/*
/var/log/httpd/*
/var/log/keystone/*
/var/log/libvirt/*
/var/log/neutron/*
/var/log/nova/*
/var/log/openvswitch/*
/var/log/rabbitmq/*
/var/log/redis/*
/var/log/swift/*
|
|
High availability log
|
Overcloud
| /var/log/pacemaker.log
|
Appendix A. SSL/TLS Certificate Configuration
As an optional part of the processes outlined in Section 4.6, “Configuring the Director” or Section 6.11, “Enabling SSL/TLS on the Overcloud”, you can set SSL/TLS for communication on either the Undercloud or Overcloud. However, if using an SSL/TLS certificate with your own certificate authority, the certificate requires a certain configuration for use.
Creating a Certificate Authority
Normally you sign your SSL/TLS certificates with an external certificate authority. In some situations, you might aim to use your own certificate authority. For example, you might aim to have an internal-only certificate authority.
For example, generate a key and certificate pair to act as the certificate authority:
$ openssl genrsa -out ca.key.pem 4096 $ openssl req -key ca.key.pem -new -x509 -days 7300 -extensions v3_ca -out ca.crt.pem
The
openssl req command asks for certain details about your authority. Enter these details.
This creates the a certificate file called
ca.crt.pem. Copy this file to each client that aims to access your Red Hat Openstack Platform environment and run the following command to add it to the certificate authority trust bundle:
$ sudo cp ca.crt.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ $ sudo update-ca-trust extract
Creating an SSL/TLS Certificate
This next procedure creates a signed certificate for either the Undercloud and Overcloud.
Copy the default OpenSSL configuration file for customization.
$ cp /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf .
Edit the custom
openssl.cnf file and set SSL parameters to use for the director. An example of the types of parameters to modify include:
[req] distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name req_extensions = v3_req [req_distinguished_name] countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default = AU stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) stateOrProvinceName_default = Queensland localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) localityName_default = Brisbane organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) organizationalUnitName_default = Red Hat commonName = Common Name commonName_default = 192.168.0.1 commonName_max = 64 [ v3_req ] # Extensions to add to a certificate request basicConstraints = CA:FALSE keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] IP.1 = 192.168.0.1 DNS.1 = 192.168.0.1 DNS.2 = instack.localdomain DNS.3 = vip.localdomain
Important
Set the
commonName_default to the IP address, or fully qualified domain name if using one, of the Public API:
- For the Undercloud, use the
undercloud_public_vipparameter inundercloud.conf. If using a fully qualified domain name for this IP address, use the domain name instead.
- For the Overcloud, use the IP address for the Public API, which is the first address for the
ExternalAllocationPoolsparameter in your network isolation environment file. If using a fully qualified domain name for this IP address, use the domain name instead.
Include the same Public API IP address as an IP entry and a DNS entry in the
alt_names section. If also using DNS, include the hostname for the server as DNS entries in the same section. For more information about openssl.cnf, run man openssl.cnf.
Run the following commands to generate the key (
server.key.pem), the certificate signing request (server.csr.pem), and the signed certificate (server.crt.pem):
$ openssl genrsa -out server.key.pem 2048 $ openssl req -config openssl.cnf -key server.key.pem -new -out server.csr.pem $ sudo openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -days 3650 -in server.csr.pem -out server.crt.pem -cert ca.cert.pem
Important
The
openssl req command asks for several details for the certificate, including the Common Name. Make sure the Common Name is set to the IP address of the Public API for the Undercloud or Overcloud (depending on which certificate set you are creating). The openssl.cnf file should use this IP address as a default value.
Use this key pair to create a SSL/TLS certificate for either the Undercloud or Overcloud.
Using the Certificate with the Undercloud
Run the following command to create the certificate:
$ cat server.crt.pem server.key.pem > undercloud.pem
This creates a
undercloud.pem for use with the undercloud_service_certificate option in the undercloud.conf file. This file also requires a special SELinux context so that the HAProxy tool can read it. Use the following example as a guide:
$ sudo mkdir /etc/pki/instack-certs $ sudo cp ~/undercloud.pem /etc/pki/instack-certs/. $ sudo semanage fcontext -a -t etc_t "/etc/pki/instack-certs(/.*)?" $ sudo restorecon -R /etc/pki/instack-certs
Add the certificate authority to the Undercloud's list of trusted Certificate Authorities:
$ sudo cp ca.crt.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ $ sudo update-ca-trust extract
Add the
undercloud.pem file location to the undercloud_service_certificate option in the undercloud.conf file. For example:
undercloud_service_certificate = /etc/pki/instack-certs/undercloud.pem
Continue installing the Undercloud as per the instructions in Section 4.6, “Configuring the Director”.
Using the Certificate with the Overcloud
Use the certificate with the
enable-tls.yaml file from Section 6.11, “Enabling SSL/TLS on the Overcloud”.
Appendix B. Power Management Drivers
Although IPMI is the main method the director uses for power management control, the director also supports other power management types. This appendix provides a list of the supported power management features. Use these power management settings for Section 5.1, “Registering Nodes for the Overcloud”.
B.1. Dell Remote Access Controller (DRAC)
DRAC is an interface that provides out-of-band remote management features including power management and server monitoring.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
pxe_drac. - pm_user, pm_password
- The DRAC username and password.
- pm_addr
- The IP address of the DRAC host.
B.2. Integrated Lights-Out (iLO)
iLO from Hewlett-Packard is an interface that provides out-of-band remote management features including power management and server monitoring.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
pxe_ilo. - pm_user, pm_password
- The iLO username and password.
- pm_addr
- The IP address of the iLO interface.
Additional Notes
- Edit the
/etc/ironic/ironic.conffile and addpxe_iloto theenabled_driversoption to enable this driver. - The director also requires an additional set of utilities for iLo. Install the
python-proliantutilspackage and restart theopenstack-ironic-conductorservice:$ sudo yum install python-proliantutils $ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-conductor.service
- HP nodes must a 2015 firmware version for successful introspection. The director has been successfully tested with nodes using firmware version 1.85 (May 13 2015).
- Using a shared iLO port is not supported.
B.3. Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS)
UCS from Cisco is a data center platform that unites compute, network, storage access, and virtualization resources. This driver focuses on the power management for bare metal systems connected to the UCS.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
pxe_ucs. - pm_user, pm_password
- The UCS username and password.
- pm_addr
- The IP address of the UCS interface.
- pm_service_profile
- The UCS service profile to use. Usually takes the format of
org-root/ls-[service_profile_name]. For example:"pm_service_profile": "org-root/ls-Nova-1"
Additional Notes
- Edit the
/etc/ironic/ironic.conffile and addpxe_ucsto theenabled_driversoption to enable this driver. - The director also requires an additional set of utilities for UCS. Install the
python-UcsSdkpackage and restart theopenstack-ironic-conductorservice:$ sudo yum install python-UcsSdk $ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-conductor.service
B.4. Fujitsu Integrated Remote Management Controller (iRMC)
Fujitsu's iRMC is a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) with integrated LAN connection and extended functionality. This driver focuses on the power management for bare metal systems connected to the iRMC.
Important
iRMC S4 or higher is required.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
pxe_irmc. - pm_user, pm_password
- The username and password for the iRMC interface.
- pm_addr
- The IP address of the iRMC interface.
- pm_port (Optional)
- The port to use for iRMC operations. The default is 443.
- pm_auth_method (Optional)
- The authentication method for iRMC operations. Use either
basicordigest. The default isbasic - pm_client_timeout (Optional)
- Timeout (in seconds) for iRMC operations. The default is 60 seconds.
- pm_sensor_method (Optional)
- Sensor data retrieval method. Use either
ipmitoolorscci. The default isipmitool.
Additional Notes
- Edit the
/etc/ironic/ironic.conffile and addpxe_irmcto theenabled_driversoption to enable this driver. - The director also requires an additional set of utilities if you enabled SCCI as the sensor method. Install the
python-scciclientpackage and restart theopenstack-ironic-conductorservice:$ yum install python-scciclient $ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-conductor.service
B.5. SSH and Virsh
The director can access a host running libvirt through SSH and use virtual machines as nodes. The director uses virsh to control the power management of these nodes.
Important
This option is available for testing and evaluation purposes only. It is not recommended for Red Hat OpenStack Platform enterprise environments.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
pxe_ssh. - pm_user, pm_password
- The SSH username and contents of the SSH private key. The private key must be on one line with new lines replaced with escape characters (
\n). For example:-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEogIBAAKCAQEA .... kk+WXt9Y=\n-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Add the SSH public key to the libvirt server'sauthorized_keyscollection. - pm_addr
- The IP address of the virsh host.
Additional Notes
- The server hosting libvirt requires an SSH key pair with the public key set as the
pm_passwordattribute. - Ensure the chosen
pm_userhas full access to the libvirt environment.
B.6. Fake PXE Driver
This driver provides a method to use bare metal devices without power management. This means the director does not control the registered bare metal devices and as such require manual control of power at certain points in the introspect and deployment processes.
Important
This option is available for testing and evaluation purposes only. It is not recommended for Red Hat OpenStack Platform enterprise environments.
- pm_type
- Set this option to
fake_pxe.
Additional Notes
- This driver does not use any authentication details because it does not control power management.
- Edit the
/etc/ironic/ironic.conffile and addfake_pxeto theenabled_driversoption to enable this driver. Restart the baremetal services after editing the file:$ sudo systemctl restart openstack-ironic-api openstack-ironic-conductor
- When performing introspection on nodes, manually power the nodes after running the
openstack baremetal introspection bulk startcommand. - When performing Overcloud deployment, check the node status with the
ironic node-listcommand. Wait until the node status changes fromdeployingtodeploy wait-callbackand then manually power the nodes. - After the Overcloud provisioning process completes, reboot the nodes. To check the completion of provisioning, check the node status with the
ironic node-listcommand, wait until the node status changes toactive, then manually reboot all Overcloud nodes.
Appendix C. Automatic Profile Tagging
The introspection process performs a series of benchmark tests. The director saves the data from these tests. You can create a set of policies that use this data in various ways. For example:
- The policies can identify and isolate underperforming or unstable nodes from use in the Overcloud.
- The policies can define whether to automatically tag nodes into specific profiles.
These policy files use a JSON format that contains a set of rules. Each rule defines a description, a condition, and an action.
Description
This is a plain text description of the rule.
Example:
"description": "A new rule for my node tagging policy"
Conditions
A condition defines an evaluation using the following key-value pattern:
- field
- Defines the field to evaluate.
- op
- Defines the operation to use for the evaluation. This includes the following:
eq- Equal tone- Not equal tolt- Less thangt- Greater thanle- Less than or equal toge- Greater than or equal toin-net- Checks that an IP address is in a given networkmatches- Requires a full match against a given regular expressioncontains- Requires a value to contain a given regular expression;is-empty- Checks that field is empty.
- invert
- Boolean value to define whether to invert the result of the evaluation.
- multiple
- Defines the evaluation to use if multiple results exist. This includes:
any- Requires any result to matchall- Requires all results to matchfirst- Requires the first result to match
- value
- Defines the value in the evaluation. If the field and operation result in the value, the condition return a true result. If not, the condition returns false.
Example:
"conditions": [
{
"field": "local_gb",
"op": "ge",
"value": 1024
}
],
Actions
An action is performed if the condition returns as true. It uses the
action key and additional keys depending on the value of action:
fail- Fails the introspection. Requires amessageparameter for the failure message.set-attribute- Sets an attribute on an Ironic node. Requires apathfield, which is the path to an Ironic attribute (e.g./driver_info/ipmi_address), and avalueto set.set-capability- Sets a capability on an Ironic node. Requiresnameandvaluefields, which are the name and the value for a new capability accordingly. The existing value for this same capability is replaced. For example, use this to define node profiles.extend-attribute- The same asset-attributebut treats the existing value as a list and appends value to it. If the optionaluniqueparameter is set to True, nothing is added if the given value is already in a list.
Example:
"actions": [
{
"action": "set-capability",
"name": "profile",
"value": "swift-storage"
}
]
Policy File Example
The following is an example JSON file (
rules.json) with the introspection rules to apply:
[
{
"description": "Fail introspection for unexpected nodes",
"conditions": [
{
"op": "lt",
"field": "memory_mb",
"value": 4096
}
],
"actions": [
{
"action": "fail",
"message": "Memory too low, expected at least 4 GiB"
}
]
},
{
"description": "Assign profile for object storage",
"conditions": [
{
"op": "ge",
"field": "local_gb",
"value": 1024
}
],
"actions": [
{
"action": "set-capability",
"name": "profile",
"value": "swift-storage"
}
]
},
{
"description": "Assign possible profiles for compute and controller",
"conditions": [
{
"op": "lt",
"field": "local_gb",
"value": 1024
},
{
"op": "ge",
"field": "local_gb",
"value": 40
}
],
"actions": [
{
"action": "set-capability",
"name": "compute_profile",
"value": "1"
},
{
"action": "set-capability",
"name": "control_profile",
"value": "1"
},
{
"action": "set-capability",
"name": "profile",
"value": null
}
]
}
]
This example consists of three rules:
- Fail introspection if memory is lower is 4096 MiB. Such rules can be applied to exclude nodes that should not become part of your cloud.
- Nodes with hard drive size 1 TiB and bigger are assigned the swift-storage profile unconditionally.
- Nodes with hard drive less than 1 TiB but more than 40 GiB can be either Compute or Controller nodes. We assign two capabilities (
compute_profileandcontrol_profile) so that theopenstack overcloud profiles matchcommand can later make the final choice. For that to work, we remove the existing profile capability, otherwise it will have priority.
Other nodes are not changed.
Note
Using introspection rules to assign the
profile capability always overrides the existing value. However, [PROFILE]_profile capabilities are ignored for nodes with an existing profile capability.
Importing Policy Files
Import the policy file into the director with the following command:
$ openstack baremetal introspection rule import rules.json
Then run the introspection process.
$ openstack baremetal introspection bulk start
After introspection completes, check the nodes and their assigned profiles:
$ openstack overcloud profiles list
If you made a mistake in introspection rules, you can delete them all:
$ openstack baremetal introspection rule purge
Matching Nodes to Roles
To automatically assign a certain number of nodes to appropriate roles, use the
openstack overcloud profiles match command to specify how many nodes to assign to a certain role. For example, to automatically match three Controller nodes, three Compute nodes, and three Ceph Storage nodes, use the following command:
$ openstack overcloud profiles match --control-flavor control --control-scale 3 --compute-flavor compute --compute-scale 3 --ceph-storage-flavor ceph-storage --ceph-storage-scale 3
This assigns the nodes to appropriate roles based on the rules in the previously imported policy file.
Automatic Profile Tagging Properties
Automatic Profile Tagging evaluates the following node properties for the
field attribute of each condition:
|
Property
|
Description
|
|---|---|
memory_mb
|
The amount of memory for the node in MB.
|
cpus
|
The total number of cores for the node’s CPUs.
|
cpu_arch
|
The architecture of the node’s CPUs.
|
local_gb
|
The total storage space of the node’s root disk. See Section 5.4, “Defining the Root Disk for Nodes” for more information about setting the root disk for a node.
|
Appendix D. Network Interface Parameters
The following table defines the Heat template parameters for network interface types.
Table D.1. Interface options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
name
| |
Name of the Interface
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the interface
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the interface
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
primary
|
False
|
Defines the interface as the primary interface
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the interface
|
Table D.2. VLAN options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
vlan_id
| |
The VLAN ID
|
|
device
| |
The VLAN's parent device to attach the VLAN. For example, use this parameter to attach the VLAN to a bonded interface device.
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the VLAN
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the VLAN
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
primary
|
False
|
Defines the VLAN as the primary interface
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the VLAN
|
Table D.3. OVS Bond options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
name
| |
Name of the bond
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the bond
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the bond
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
primary
|
False
|
Defines the interface as the primary interface
|
|
members
| |
A sequence of interface objects to use in the bond
|
|
ovs_options
| |
A set of options to pass to OVS when creating the bond
|
|
ovs_extra
| |
A set of options to to set as the OVS_EXTRA parameter in the bond's network configuration file
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the bond
|
Table D.4. OVS Bridge options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
name
| |
Name of the bridge
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the bridge
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the bridge
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
members
| |
A sequence of interface, VLAN, and bond objects to use in the bridge
|
|
ovs_options
| |
A set of options to pass to OVS when creating the bridge
|
|
ovs_extra
| |
A set of options to to set as the OVS_EXTRA parameter in the bridge's network configuration file
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the bridge
|
Table D.5. Linux Bond options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
name
| |
Name of the bond
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the bond
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the bond
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
primary
|
False
|
Defines the interface as the primary interface
|
|
members
| |
A sequence of interface objects to use in the bond
|
|
bonding_options
| |
A set of options when creating the bond. For more information on Linux bonding options, see 4.5.1. Bonding Module Directives in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Networking Guide.
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the bond
|
Table D.6. Linux Bridge options
|
Option
|
Default
|
Description
|
|---|---|---|
|
name
| |
Name of the bridge
|
|
use_dhcp
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get an IP address
|
|
use_dhcpv6
|
False
|
Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address
|
|
addresses
| |
A sequence of IP addresses assigned to the bridge
|
|
routes
| |
A sequence of routes assigned to the bridge
|
|
mtu
|
1500
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection
|
|
members
| |
A sequence of interface, VLAN, and bond objects to use in the bridge
|
|
defroute
|
True
|
Use this interface as the default route
|
|
persist_mapping
|
False
|
Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names
|
|
dhclient_args
|
None
|
Arguments to pass to the DHCP client
|
|
dns_servers
|
None
|
List of DNS servers to use for the bridge
|
Appendix E. Network Interface Template Examples
This appendix provides a few example Heat templates to demonstrate network interface configuration.
E.1. Configuring Interfaces
Individual interfaces might require modification. The example below shows modifications required to use the second NIC to connect to an infrastructure network with DHCP addresses, and to use the third and fourth NICs for the bond:
network_config:
# Add a DHCP infrastructure network to nic2
-
type: interface
name: nic2
use_dhcp: true
-
type: ovs_bridge
name: br-bond
members:
-
type: ovs_bond
name: bond1
ovs_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
members:
# Modify bond NICs to use nic3 and nic4
-
type: interface
name: nic3
primary: true
-
type: interface
name: nic4
The network interface template uses either the actual interface name ("eth0", "eth1", "enp0s25") or a set of numbered interfaces ("nic1", "nic2", "nic3"). The network interfaces of hosts within a role do not have to be exactly the same when using numbered interfaces (
nic1, nic2, etc.) instead of named interfaces (eth0, eno2, etc.). For example, one host might have interfaces em1 and em2, while another has eno1 and eno2, but you can refer to both hosts' NICs as nic1 and nic2.
The order of numbered interfaces corresponds to the order of named network interface types:
ethXinterfaces, such aseth0,eth1, etc. These are usually onboard interfaces.enoXinterfaces, such aseno0,eno1, etc. These are usually onboard interfaces.enXinterfaces, sorted alpha numerically, such asenp3s0,enp3s1,ens3, etc. These are usually add-on interfaces.
The numbered NIC scheme only takes into account the interfaces that are live, for example, if they have a cable attached to the switch. If you have some hosts with four interfaces and some with six interfaces, you should use
nic1 to nic4 and only plug four cables on each host.
E.2. Configuring Routes and Default Routes
There are two ways a host has default routes set. If the interface is using DHCP and the DHCP server offers a gateway address, the system uses a default route for that gateway. Otherwise, you can set a default route on an interface with a static IP.
Although the Linux kernel supports multiple default gateways, it only uses the one with the lowest metric. If there are multiple DHCP interfaces, this can result in an unpredictable default gateway. In this case, it is recommended to set
defroute=no for interfaces other than the one using the default route.
For example, you might want a DHCP interface (
nic3) to be the default route. Use the following YAML to disable the default route on another DHCP interface (nic2):
# No default route on this DHCP interface - type: interface name: nic2 use_dhcp: true defroute: false # Instead use this DHCP interface as the default route - type: interface name: nic3 use_dhcp: true
Note
The
defroute parameter only applies to routes obtained through DHCP.
To set a static route on an interface with a static IP, specify a route to the subnet. For example, you can set a route to the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet through the gateway at 172.17.0.1 on the Internal API network:
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: InternalApiNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: InternalApiIpSubnet}
routes:
- ip_netmask: 10.1.2.0/24
next_hop: 172.17.0.1
E.3. Using the Native VLAN for Floating IPs
Neutron uses a default empty string for its external bridge mapping. This maps the physical interface to the
br-int instead of using br-ex directly. This model allows multiple Floating IP networks using either VLANs or multiple physical connections.
Use the
NeutronExternalNetworkBridge parameter in the parameter_defaults section of your network isolation environment file:
parameter_defaults:
# Set to "br-ex" when using floating IPs on the native VLAN
NeutronExternalNetworkBridge: "''"
Using only one Floating IP network on the native VLAN of a bridge means you can optionally set the neutron external bridge. This results in the packets only having to traverse one bridge instead of two, which might result in slightly lower CPU usage when passing traffic over the Floating IP network.
The next section contains changes to the NIC config to put the External network on the native VLAN. If the External network is mapped to
br-ex, you can use the External network for Floating IPs in addition to the horizon dashboard, and Public APIs.
E.4. Using the Native VLAN on a Trunked Interface
If a trunked interface or bond has a network on the native VLAN, the IP addresses are assigned directly to the bridge and there will be no VLAN interface.
For example, if the External network is on the native VLAN, a bonded configuration looks like this:
network_config:
- type: ovs_bridge
name: {get_input: bridge_name}
dns_servers: {get_param: DnsServers}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
routes:
- ip_netmask: 0.0.0.0/0
next_hop: {get_param: ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute}
members:
- type: ovs_bond
name: bond1
ovs_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
members:
- type: interface
name: nic3
primary: true
- type: interface
name: nic4
Note
When moving the address (and possibly route) statements onto the bridge, remove the corresponding VLAN interface from the bridge. Make the changes to all applicable roles. The External network is only on the controllers, so only the controller template requires a change. The Storage network on the other hand is attached to all roles, so if the Storage network is on the default VLAN, all roles require modifications.
E.5. Configuring Jumbo Frames
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting determines the maximum amount of data transmitted with a single Ethernet frame. Using a larger value results in less overhead since each frame adds data in the form of a header. The default value is 1500 and using a higher value requires the configuration of the switch port to support jumbo frames. Most switches support an MTU of at least 9000, but many are configured for 1500 by default.
The MTU of a VLAN cannot exceed the MTU of the physical interface. Make sure to include the MTU value on the bond and/or interface.
The Storage, Storage Management, Internal API, and Tenant networking all benefit from jumbo frames. In testing, Tenant networking throughput was over 300% greater when using jumbo frames in conjunction with VXLAN tunnels.
Note
It is recommended that the Provisioning interface, External interface, and any floating IP interfaces be left at the default MTU of 1500. Connectivity problems are likely to occur otherwise. This is because routers typically cannot forward jumbo frames across Layer 3 boundaries.
- type: ovs_bond
name: bond1
mtu: 9000
ovs_options: {get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions}
members:
- type: interface
name: nic3
mtu: 9000
primary: true
- type: interface
name: nic4
mtu: 9000
# The external interface should stay at default
- type: vlan
device: bond1
vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
routes:
- ip_netmask: 0.0.0.0/0
next_hop: {get_param: ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute}
# MTU 9000 for Internal API, Storage, and Storage Management
- type: vlan
device: bond1
mtu: 9000
vlan_id: {get_param: InternalApiNetworkVlanID}
addresses:
- ip_netmask: {get_param: InternalApiIpSubnet}
Appendix F. Network Environment Options
Table F.1. Network Environment Options
|
Parameter
|
Description
|
Example
|
|---|---|---|
|
InternalApiNetCidr
|
The network and subnet for the Internal API network
|
172.17.0.0/24
|
|
StorageNetCidr
|
The network and subnet for the Storage network
| |
|
StorageMgmtNetCidr
|
The network and subnet for the Storage Management network
| |
|
TenantNetCidr
|
The network and subnet for the Tenant network
| |
|
ExternalNetCidr
|
The network and subnet for the External network
| |
|
InternalApiAllocationPools
|
The allocation pool for the Internal API network in a tuple format
|
[{'start': '172.17.0.10', 'end': '172.17.0.200'}]
|
|
StorageAllocationPools
|
The allocation pool for the Storage network in a tuple format
| |
|
StorageMgmtAllocationPools
|
The allocation pool for the Storage Management network in a tuple format
| |
|
TenantAllocationPools
|
The allocation pool for the Tenant network in a tuple format
| |
|
ExternalAllocationPools
|
The allocation pool for the External network in a tuple format
| |
|
InternalApiNetworkVlanID
|
The VLAN ID for the Internal API network
|
200
|
|
StorageNetworkVlanID
|
The VLAN ID for the Storage network
| |
|
StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID
|
The VLAN ID for the Storage Management network
| |
|
TenantNetworkVlanID
|
The VLAN ID for the Tenant network
| |
|
ExternalNetworkVlanID
|
The VLAN ID for the External network
| |
|
ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute
|
The gateway IP address for the External network
|
10.1.2.1
|
|
ControlPlaneDefaultRoute
|
Gateway router for the Provisioning network (or Undercloud IP)
|
ControlPlaneDefaultRoute: 192.0.2.254
|
|
ControlPlaneSubnetCidr
|
CIDR subnet mask length for provisioning network
|
ControlPlaneSubnetCidr: 24
|
|
EC2MetadataIp
|
The IP address of the EC2 metadata server. Generally the IP of the Undercloud.
|
EC2MetadataIp: 192.0.2.1
|
|
DnsServers
|
Define the DNS servers for the Overcloud nodes. Include a maximum of two.
|
DnsServers: ["8.8.8.8","8.8.4.4"]
|
|
BondInterfaceOvsOptions
|
The options for bonding interfaces
|
BondInterfaceOvsOptions:"bond_mode=balance-tcp"
|
|
NeutronFlatNetworks
|
Defines the flat networks to configure in neutron plugins. Defaults to "datacentre" to permit external network creation
|
NeutronFlatNetworks: "datacentre"
|
|
NeutronExternalNetworkBridge
|
An Open vSwitch bridge to create on each hypervisor. This defaults to "br-ex". Set to
"br-ex" if using floating IPs on native VLAN on bridge br-ex. Typically, this should not need to be changed.
|
NeutronExternalNetworkBridge: "br-ex"
|
|
NeutronBridgeMappings
|
The logical to physical bridge mappings to use. Defaults to mapping the external bridge on hosts (br-ex) to a physical name (datacentre). You would use this for the default floating network
|
NeutronBridgeMappings: "datacentre:br-ex"
|
|
NeutronPublicInterface
|
Defines the interface to bridge onto br-ex for network nodes
|
NeutronPublicInterface: "eth0"
|
|
NeutronNetworkType
|
The tenant network type for Neutron
|
NeutronNetworkType: "vxlan"
|
|
NeutronTunnelTypes
|
The tunnel types for the neutron tenant network. To specify multiple values, use a comma separated string.
|
NeutronTunnelTypes: 'gre,vxlan'
|
|
NeutronTunnelIdRanges
|
Ranges of GRE tunnel IDs to make available for tenant network allocation
|
NeutronTunnelIdRanges "1:1000"
|
|
NeutronVniRanges
|
Ranges of VXLAN VNI IDs to make available for tenant network allocation
|
NeutronVniRanges: "1:1000"
|
|
NeutronEnableTunnelling
|
Defines whether to enable or disable tunneling in case you aim to use a VLAN segmented network or flat network with Neutron. Defaults to enabled
| |
|
NeutronNetworkVLANRanges
|
The neutron ML2 and Open vSwitch VLAN mapping range to support. Defaults to permitting any VLAN on the 'datacentre' physical network.
|
NeutronNetworkVLANRanges: "datacentre:1:1000"
|
|
NeutronMechanismDrivers
|
The mechanism drivers for the neutron tenant network. Defaults to "openvswitch". To specify multiple values, use a comma-separated string
|
NeutronMechanismDrivers: 'openvswitch,l2population'
|
Appendix G. Open vSwitch Bonding Options
The Overcloud provides networking through Open vSwitch (OVS), which provides several options for bonded interfaces. In Section 6.2.2, “Creating a Network Environment File”, you can configure a bonded interface in the network environment file using the following parameter:
BondInterfaceOvsOptions:
"bond_mode=balance-tcp"
The following table provides some explanation of these options and some alternatives depending on your hardware.
Important
Do not use LACP with OVS-based bonds, as this configuration is problematic and unsupported. Instead, consider using bond_mode=balance-slb as a replacement for this functionality. In addition, you can still use LACP with Linux bonding in your network interface templates:
- type: linux_bond
name: bond1
members:
- type: interface
name: nic2
- type: interface
name: nic3
bonding_options: "mode=802.3ad"
For more information on Linux bonding options, see 4.5.1. Bonding Module Directives in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Networking Guide.
For the technical details behind this requirement, see BZ#1267291.
Table G.1. Bonding Options
bond_mode=balance-tcp
|
This mode will perform load balancing by taking layer 2 to layer 4 data into consideration. For example, destination MAC address, IP address, and TCP port. In addition,
balance-tcp requires that LACP be configured on the switch. This mode is similar to mode 4 bonds used by the Linux bonding driver. balance-tcp is recommended when possible, as LACP provides the highest resiliency for link failure detection, and supplies additional diagnostic information about the bond.
The recommended option is to configure
balance-tcp with LACP. This setting attempts to configure LACP, but will fallback to active-backup if LACP cannot be negotiated with the physical switch.
|
bond_mode=balance-slb
|
Balances flows based on source MAC address and output VLAN, with periodic rebalancing as traffic patterns change. Bonding with
balance-slb allows a limited form of load balancing without the remote switch's knowledge or cooperation. SLB assigns each source MAC and VLAN pair to a link and transmits all packets from that MAC and VLAN through that link. This mode uses a simple hashing algorithm based on source MAC address and VLAN number, with periodic rebalancing as traffic patterns change. This mode is similar to mode 2 bonds used by the Linux bonding driver. This mode is used when the switch is configured with bonding but is not configured to use LACP (static instead of dynamic bonds).
|
bond_mode=active-backup
|
This mode offers active/standby failover where the standby NIC resumes network operations when the active connection fails. Only one MAC address is presented to the physical switch. This mode does not require any special switch support or configuration, and works when the links are connected to separate switches. This mode does not provide load balancing.
|
lacp=[active|passive|off]
|
Controls the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) behavior. Only certain switches support LACP. If your switch does not support LACP, use
bond_mode=balance-slb or bond_mode=active-backup.
Do not use LACP with OVS-based bonds, as this configuration is problematic and unsupported. Instead, consider using bond_mode=balance-slb as a replacement for this functionality. In addition, you can still use LACP with Linux bonding. For the technical details behind this requirement, see BZ#1267291.
|
other-config:lacp-fallback-ab=true
|
Sets the LACP behavior to switch to bond_mode=active-backup as a fallback.
|
other_config:lacp-time=[fast|slow]
|
Set the LACP heartbeat to 1 second (fast) or 30 seconds (slow). The default is slow.
|
other_config:bond-detect-mode=[miimon|carrier]
|
Set the link detection to use miimon heartbeats (miimon) or monitor carrier (carrier). The default is carrier.
|
other_config:bond-miimon-interval=100
|
If using miimon, set the heartbeat interval in milliseconds.
|
other_config:bond_updelay=1000
|
Number of milliseconds a link must be up to be activated to prevent flapping.
|
other_config:bond-rebalance-interval=10000
|
Milliseconds between rebalancing flows between bond members. Set to zero to disable.
|
Important
If you experience packet drops or performance issues using Linux bonds with Provider networks, consider disabling Large Receive Offload (LRO) on the standby interfaces.
Avoid adding a Linux bond to an OVS bond, as port-flapping and loss of connectivity can occur. This is a result of a packet-loop through the standby interface.
Appendix H. Revision History
| Revision History | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Revision 8.0-0 | Tue Nov 24 2015 | ||
| |||
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