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Chapter 7. Composable Services and Custom Roles

The Overcloud usually consists of nodes in predefined roles such as Controller nodes, Compute nodes, and different storage node types. Each of these default roles contains a set of services defined in the core Heat template collection on the director node. However, the architecture of the core Heat templates provide methods to:

  • Create custom roles
  • Add and remove services from each role

This allows the possibility to create different combinations of services on different roles. This chapter explores the architecture of custom roles, composable services, and methods for using them.

7.1. Supported Role Architecture

The following architectures are available when using custom roles and composable services:

Architecture 1 - Default Architecture
Uses the default roles_data files. All controller services are contained within one Controller role.
Architecture 2 - Supported Standalone Roles
Use the predefined files in /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles to generate a custom roles_data file`. See Section 7.2.3, “Supported Custom Roles”.
Architecture 3 - Custom Composable Services
Create your own roles and use them to generate a custom roles_data file. Note that only a limited number of composable service combinations have been tested and verified and Red Hat cannot support all composable service combinations.

7.2. Roles

7.2.1. Examining the roles_data File

The Overcloud creation process defines its roles using a roles_data file. The roles_data file contains a YAML-formatted list of the roles. The following is a shortened example of the roles_data syntax:

- name: Controller
  description: |
    Controller role that has all the controler services loaded and handles
    Database, Messaging and Network functions.
  ServicesDefault:
    - OS::TripleO::Services::AuditD
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CephClient
    ...
- name: Compute
  description: |
    Basic Compute Node role
  ServicesDefault:
    - OS::TripleO::Services::AuditD
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CephClient
    ...

The core Heat template collection contains a default roles_data file located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles_data.yaml. The default file defines the following role types:

  • Controller
  • Compute
  • BlockStorage
  • ObjectStorage
  • CephStorage.

The openstack overcloud deploy command includes this file during deployment. You can override this file with a custom roles_data file using the -r argument. For example:

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -r ~/templates/roles_data-custom.yaml

7.2.2. Creating a roles_data File

Although you can manually create a custom roles_data file, you can also automatically generate the file using individual role templates. The director provides a several commands to manage role templates and automatically generate a custom roles_data file.

To list the default role templates, use the openstack overcloud role list command:

$ openstack overcloud role list
BlockStorage
CephStorage
Compute
ComputeHCI
ComputeOvsDpdk
Controller
...

To see the role’s YAML definition, use the openstack overcloud role show command:

$ openstack overcloud role show Compute

To generate a custom roles_data file, use the openstack overcloud roles generate command to join multiple predefined roles into a single file. For example, the following command joins the Controller, Compute, and Networker roles into a single file:

$ openstack overcloud roles generate -o ~/roles_data.yaml Controller Compute Networker

The -o defines the name of the file to create.

This creates a custom roles_data file. However, the previous example uses the Controller and Networker roles, which both contain the same networking agents. This means the networking services scale from Controller to the Networker role. The overcloud balance the load for networking services between the Controller and Networker nodes.

To make this Networker role standalone, you can create your own custom Controller role, as well as any other role needed. This allows you to easily generate a roles_data file from your own custom roles.

Copy the directory from the core Heat template collection to the stack user’s home directory:

$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles ~/.

Add or modify the custom role files in this directory. Use the --roles-path option with any of the aforementioned role sub-commands to use this directory as the source for your custom roles. For example:

$ openstack overcloud roles generate -o my_roles_data.yaml \
  --roles-path ~/roles \
  Controller Compute Networker

This generates a single my_roles_data.yaml file from the individual roles in the ~/roles directory.

Note

The default roles collection also contains the ControllerOpenStack role, which does not include services for Networker, Messaging, and Database roles. You can use the ControllerOpenStack combined with with the standalone Networker, Messaging, and Database roles.

7.2.3. Supported Custom Roles

The following table describes of all supported roles available in /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles.

RoleDescriptionFile

BlockStorage

OpenStack Block Storage (cinder) node.

BlockStorage.yaml

CephAll

Full standalone Ceph Storage node. Includes OSD, MON, Object Gateway (RGW), Object Operations (MDS), Manager (MGR), and RBD Mirroring.

CephAll.yaml

CephFile

Standalone scale-out Ceph Storage file role. Includes OSD and Object Operations (MDS).

CephFile.yaml

CephObject

Standalone scale-out Ceph Storage object role. Includes OSD and Object Gateway (RGW).

CephObject.yaml

CephStorage

Ceph Storage OSD node role.

CephStorage.yaml

ComputeAlt

Alternate Compute node role.

ComputeAlt.yaml

ComputeDVR

DVR enabled Compute node role.

ComputeDVR.yaml

ComputeHCI

Compute node with hyper-converged infrastructure. Includes Compute and Ceph OSD services.

ComputeHCI.yaml

ComputeInstanceHA

Compute Instance HA node role. Use in conjunction with the environments/compute-instanceha.yaml` environment file.

ComputeInstanceHA.yaml

ComputeLiquidio

Compute node with Cavium Liquidio Smart NIC.

ComputeLiquidio.yaml

ComputeOvsDpdkRT

Compute OVS DPDK RealTime role.

ComputeOvsDpdkRT.yaml

ComputeOvsDpdk

Compute OVS DPDK role.

ComputeOvsDpdk.yaml

ComputePPC64LE

Compute role for ppc64le servers.

ComputePPC64LE.yaml

ComputeRealTime

Compute role optimized for real-time behaviour. When using this role, it is mandatory that an overcloud-realtime-compute image is available and the role specific parameters IsolCpusList and NovaVcpuPinSet are set accordingly to the hardware of the real-time compute nodes.

ComputeRealTime.yaml

ComputeSriovRT

Compute SR-IOV RealTime role.

ComputeSriovRT.yaml

ComputeSriov

Compute SR-IOV role.

ComputeSriov.yaml

Compute

Standard Compute node role.

Compute.yaml

ControllerAllNovaStandalone

Controller role that does not contain the database, messaging, networking, and OpenStack Compute (nova) control components. Use in combination with the Database, Messaging, Networker, and Novacontrol roles.

ControllerAllNovaStandalone.yaml

ControllerNoCeph

Controller role with core Controller services loaded but no Ceph Storage (MON) components. This role handles database, messaging, and network functions but not any Ceph Storage functions.

ControllerNoCeph.yaml

ControllerNovaStandalone

Controller role that does not contain the OpenStack Compute (nova) control component. Use in combination with the Novacontrol role.

ControllerNovaStandalone.yaml

ControllerOpenstack

Controller role that does not contain the database, messaging, and networking components. Use in combination with the Database, Messaging, and Networker roles.

ControllerOpenstack.yaml

ControllerStorageNfs

Controller role with all core services loaded and uses Ceph NFS. This roles handles database, messaging, and network functions.

ControllerStorageNfs.yaml

Controller

Controller role with all core services loaded. This roles handles database, messaging, and network functions.

Controller.yaml

Database

Standalone database role. Database managed as a Galera cluster using Pacemaker.

Database.yaml

HciCephAll

Compute node with hyper-converged infrastructure and all Ceph Storage services. Includes OSD, MON, Object Gateway (RGW), Object Operations (MDS), Manager (MGR), and RBD Mirroring.

HciCephAll.yaml

HciCephFile

Compute node with hyper-converged infrastructure and Ceph Storage file services. Includes OSD and Object Operations (MDS).

HciCephFile.yaml

HciCephMon

Compute node with hyper-converged infrastructure and Ceph Storage block services. Includes OSD, MON, and Manager.

HciCephMon.yaml

HciCephObject

Compute node with hyper-converged infrastructure and Ceph Storage object services. Includes OSD and Object Gateway (RGW).

HciCephObject.yaml

IronicConductor

Ironic Conductor node role.

IronicConductor.yaml

Messaging

Standalone messaging role. RabbitMQ managed with Pacemaker.

Messaging.yaml

Networker

Standalone networking role. Runs OpenStack networking (neutron) agents on their own. If your deployment uses the ML2/OVN mechanism driver, see additional steps in Deploying a Custom Role with ML2/OVN.

Networker.yaml

Novacontrol

Standalone nova-control role to run OpenStack Compute (nova) control agents on their own.

Novacontrol.yaml

ObjectStorage

Swift Object Storage node role.

ObjectStorage.yaml

Telemetry

Telemetry role with all the metrics and alarming services.

Telemetry.yaml

7.2.4. Examining Role Parameters

Each role uses the following parameters:

name
(Mandatory) The name of the role, which is a plain text name with no spaces or special characters. Check that the chosen name does not cause conflicts with other resources. For example, use Networker as a name instead of Network.
description
(Optional) A plain text description for the role.
tags

(Optional) A YAML list of tags that o define role properties. Use this parameter to define the primary role with both the controller and primary tags together:

- name: Controller
  ...
  tags:
    - primary
    - controller
  ...
Important

If you do not tag the primary role, the first role defined becomes the primary role. Ensure this role is the Controller role.

networks

A YAML list of networks to configure on the role:

  networks:
    - External
    - InternalApi
    - Storage
    - StorageMgmt
    - Tenant

Default networks include External, InternalApi, Storage, StorageMgmt, Tenant, and Management.

CountDefault
(Optional) Defines the default number of nodes to deploy for this role.
HostnameFormatDefault

(Optional) Defines the default hostname format for the role. The default naming convention uses the following format:

[STACK NAME]-[ROLE NAME]-[NODE ID]

For example, the default Controller nodes are named:

overcloud-controller-0
overcloud-controller-1
overcloud-controller-2
...
disable_constraints
(Optional) Defines whether to disable OpenStack Compute (nova) and OpenStack Image Storage (glance) constraints when deploying with the director. Used when deploying an overcloud with pre-provisioned nodes. For more information, see "Configuring a Basic Overcloud using Pre-Provisioned Nodes" in the Director Installation and Usage Guide.
disable_upgrade_deployment
(Optional) Defines whether to disable upgrades for a specific role. This provides a method to upgrade individual nodes in a role and ensure availability of services. For example, the Compute and Swift Storage roles use this parameter.
update_serial

(Optional) Defines how many nodes to update simultaneously during the OpenStack update options. In the default roles_data.yaml file:

  • The default is 1 for Controller, Object Storage, and Ceph Storage nodes.
  • The default is 25 for Compute and Block Storage nodes.

If you omit this parameter from a custom role, the default is 1.

ServicesDefault
(Optional) Defines the default list of services to include on the node. See Section 7.3.2, “Examining Composable Service Architecture” for more information.

These parameters provide a means to create new roles and also define which services to include.

The openstack overcloud deploy command integrates the parameters from the roles_data file into some of the Jinja2-based templates. For example, at certain points, the overcloud.j2.yaml Heat template iterates over the list of roles from roles_data.yaml and creates parameters and resources specific to each respective role.

The resource definition for each role in the overcloud.j2.yaml Heat template appears as the following snippet:

  {{role.name}}:
    type: OS::Heat::ResourceGroup
    depends_on: Networks
    properties:
      count: {get_param: {{role.name}}Count}
      removal_policies: {get_param: {{role.name}}RemovalPolicies}
      resource_def:
        type: OS::TripleO::{{role.name}}
        properties:
          CloudDomain: {get_param: CloudDomain}
          ServiceNetMap: {get_attr: [ServiceNetMap, service_net_map]}
          EndpointMap: {get_attr: [EndpointMap, endpoint_map]}
...

This snippet shows how the Jinja2-based template incorporates the {{role.name}} variable to define the name of each role as a OS::Heat::ResourceGroup resource. This in turn uses each name parameter from the roles_data file to name each respective OS::Heat::ResourceGroup resource.

7.2.5. Creating a New Role

In this example, the aim is to create a new Horizon role to host the OpenStack Dashboard (horizon) only. In this situation, you create a custom roles directory that includes the new role information.

Create a custom copy of the default roles directory:

$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles ~/.

Create a new file called ~/roles/Horizon.yaml and create a new Horizon role containing base and core OpenStack Dashboard services. For example:

- name: Horizon
  CountDefault: 1
  HostnameFormatDefault: '%stackname%-horizon-%index%'
  ServicesDefault:
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Kernel
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Ntp
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Snmp
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Sshd
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Timezone
    - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoPackages
    - OS::TripleO::Services::TripleoFirewall
    - OS::TripleO::Services::SensuClient
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Fluentd
    - OS::TripleO::Services::AuditD
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Collectd
    - OS::TripleO::Services::MySQLClient
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Apache
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Horizon

It is also a good idea to set the CountDefault to 1 so that a default Overcloud always includes the Horizon node.

If scaling the services in an existing overcloud, keep the existing services on the Controller role. If creating a new overcloud and you want the OpenStack Dashboard to remain on the standalone role, remove the OpenStack Dashboard components from the Controller role definition:

- name: Controller
  CountDefault: 1
  ServicesDefault:
    ...
    - OS::TripleO::Services::GnocchiMetricd
    - OS::TripleO::Services::GnocchiStatsd
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HAproxy
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApi
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCfn
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCloudwatch
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatEngine
    # - OS::TripleO::Services::Horizon                # Remove this service
    - OS::TripleO::Services::IronicApi
    - OS::TripleO::Services::IronicConductor
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Iscsid
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Keepalived
    ...

Generate the new roles_data file using the roles directory as the source:

$ openstack overcloud roles generate -o roles_data-horizon.yaml \
  --roles-path ~/roles \
  Controller Compute Horizon

You might need to define a new flavor for this role so that you can tag specific nodes. For this example, use the following commands to create a horizon flavor:

$ openstack flavor create --id auto --ram 6144 --disk 40 --vcpus 4 horizon
$ openstack flavor set --property "cpu_arch"="x86_64" --property "capabilities:boot_option"="local" --property "capabilities:profile"="horizon" horizon
$ openstack flavor set --property resources:VCPU=0 --property resources:MEMORY_MB=0 --property resources:DISK_GB=0 --property resources:CUSTOM_BAREMETAL=1 horizon

Tag nodes into the new flavor using the following command:

$ openstack baremetal node set --property capabilities='profile:horizon,boot_option:local' 58c3d07e-24f2-48a7-bbb6-6843f0e8ee13

Define the Horizon node count and flavor using the following environment file snippet:

parameter_defaults:
  OvercloudHorizonFlavor: horizon
  HorizonCount: 1

Include the new roles_data file and environment file when running the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example:

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -r ~/templates/roles_data-horizon.yaml -e ~/templates/node-count-flavor.yaml

When the deployment completes, this creates a three-node Overcloud consisting of one Controller node, one Compute node, and one Networker node. To view the Overcloud’s list of nodes, run the following command:

$ openstack server list

7.3. Composable Services

7.3.1. Guidelines and Limitations

Note the following guidelines and limitations for the composable node architecture.

For services not managed by Pacemaker:

  • You can assign services to standalone custom roles.
  • You can create additional custom roles after the initial deployment and deploy them to scale existing services.

For services managed by Pacemaker:

  • You can assign Pacemaker managed services to standalone custom roles.
  • Pacemaker has a 16 node limit. If you assign the Pacemaker service (OS::TripleO::Services::Pacemaker) to 16 nodes, any subsequent nodes must use the Pacemaker Remote service (OS::TripleO::Services::PacemakerRemote) instead. You cannot have the Pacemaker service and Pacemaker Remote service on the same role.
  • Do not include the Pacemaker service (OS::TripleO::Services::Pacemaker) on roles that do not contain Pacemaker managed services.
  • You cannot scale up or scale down a custom role that contains OS::TripleO::Services::Pacemaker or OS::TripleO::Services::PacemakerRemote services.

General Limitations:

  • You cannot change custom roles and composable services during the a major version upgrade.
  • You cannot modify the list of services for any role after deploying an Overcloud. Modifying the service lists after Overcloud deployment can cause deployment errors and leave orphaned services on nodes.

7.3.2. Examining Composable Service Architecture

The core heat template collection contains two sets of composable service templates:

  • puppet/services contains the base templates for configuring composable services.
  • docker/services contains the containerized templates for key OpenStack Platform services. These templates act as augmentations for some of the base templates and reference back to the base templates.

Each template contains a description that identifies its purpose. For example, the ntp.yaml service template contains the following description:

description: >
  NTP service deployment using puppet, this YAML file
  creates the interface between the HOT template
  and the puppet manifest that actually installs
  and configure NTP.

These service templates are registered as resources specific to a RHOSP deployment. This means you can call each resource using a unique heat resource namespace defined in the overcloud-resource-registry-puppet.j2.yaml file. All services use the OS::TripleO::Services namespace for their resource type.

Some resources use the base composable service templates directly:

resource_registry:
  ...
  OS::TripleO::Services::Ntp: puppet/services/time/ntp.yaml
  ...

However, core services require containers and as such use the containerized service templates. For example, the keystone containerized service uses the following:

resource_registry:
  ...
  OS::TripleO::Services::Keystone: docker/services/keystone.yaml
  ...

These containerized templates usually reference back to the base templates in order to include Puppet configuration. For example, the docker/services/keystone.yaml template stores the output of the base template in the KeystoneBase parameter:

KeystoneBase:
  type: ../../puppet/services/keystone.yaml

The containerized template can then incorporate functions and data from the base template.

The overcloud.j2.yaml heat template includes a section of Jinja2-based code to define a service list for each custom role in the roles_data.yaml file:

{{role.name}}Services:
  description: A list of service resources (configured in the Heat
               resource_registry) which represent nested stacks
               for each service that should get installed on the {{role.name}} role.
  type: comma_delimited_list
  default: {{role.ServicesDefault|default([])}}

For the default roles, this creates the following service list parameters: ControllerServices, ComputeServices, BlockStorageServices, ObjectStorageServices, and CephStorageServices.

You define the default services for each custom role in the roles_data.yaml file. For example, the default Controller role contains the following content:

- name: Controller
  CountDefault: 1
  ServicesDefault:
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CACerts
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CephMon
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CephExternal
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CephRgw
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderApi
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderBackup
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderScheduler
    - OS::TripleO::Services::CinderVolume
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Core
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Kernel
    - OS::TripleO::Services::Keystone
    - OS::TripleO::Services::GlanceApi
    - OS::TripleO::Services::GlanceRegistry
...

These services are then defined as the default list for the ControllerServices parameter.

You can also use an environment file to override the default list for the service parameters. For example, you can define ControllerServices as a parameter_default in an environment file to override the services list from the roles_data.yaml file.

7.3.3. Adding and Removing Services from Roles

The basic method of adding or removing services involves creating a copy of the default service list for a node role and then adding or removing services. For example, you might aim to remove OpenStack Orchestration (heat) from the Controller nodes. In this situation, create a custom copy of the default roles directory:

$ cp -r /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/roles ~/.

Edit the ~/roles/Controller.yaml file and modify the service list for the ServicesDefault parameter. Scroll to the OpenStack Orchestration services and remove them:

    - OS::TripleO::Services::GlanceApi
    - OS::TripleO::Services::GlanceRegistry
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApi            # Remove this service
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCfn         # Remove this service
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCloudwatch  # Remove this service
    - OS::TripleO::Services::HeatEngine         # Remove this service
    - OS::TripleO::Services::MySQL
    - OS::TripleO::Services::NeutronDhcpAgent

Generate the new roles_data file. For example:

$ openstack overcloud roles generate -o roles_data-no_heat.yaml \
  --roles-path ~/roles \
  Controller Compute Networker

Include this new roles_data file when running the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example:

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -r ~/templates/roles_data-no_heat.yaml

This deploys an Overcloud without OpenStack Orchestration services installed on the Controller nodes.

Note

You can also disable services in the roles_data file using a custom environment file. Redirect the services to disable to the OS::Heat::None resource. For example:

resource_registry:
  OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApi: OS::Heat::None
  OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCfn: OS::Heat::None
  OS::TripleO::Services::HeatApiCloudwatch: OS::Heat::None
  OS::TripleO::Services::HeatEngine: OS::Heat::None

7.3.4. Enabling Disabled Services

Some services are disabled by default. These services are registered as null operations (OS::Heat::None) in the overcloud-resource-registry-puppet.j2.yaml file. For example, the Block Storage backup service (cinder-backup) is disabled:

  OS::TripleO::Services::CinderBackup: OS::Heat::None

To enable this service, include an environment file that links the resource to its respective Heat templates in the puppet/services directory. Some services have predefined environment files in the environments directory. For example, the Block Storage backup service uses the environments/cinder-backup.yaml file, which contains the following:

resource_registry:
  OS::TripleO::Services::CinderBackup: ../docker/services/pacemaker/cinder-backup.yaml
...

This overrides the default null operation resource and enables the service. Include this environment file when running the openstack overcloud deploy command.

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/cinder-backup.yaml
Tip

For another example of how to enable disabled services, see Installation in the OpenStack Data Processing guide. This section contains instructions on how to enable the OpenStack Data Processing service (sahara) on the overcloud.

7.3.5. Creating a Generic Node with No Services

Red Hat OpenStack Platform provides the ability to create generic Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 nodes without any OpenStack services configured. This is useful in situations where you need to host software outside of the core Red Hat OpenStack Platform environment. For example, OpenStack Platform provides integration with monitoring tools such as Kibana and Sensu (see Monitoring Tools Configuration Guide). While Red Hat does not provide support for the monitoring tools themselves, the director can create a generic Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 node to host these tools.

Note

The generic node still uses the base overcloud-full image rather than a base Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 image. This means the node has some Red Hat OpenStack Platform software installed but not enabled or configured.

Creating a generic node requires a new role without a ServicesDefault list:

- name: Generic

Include the role in your custom roles_data file (roles_data_with_generic.yaml). Make sure to keep the existing Controller and Compute roles.

You can also include an environment file (generic-node-params.yaml) to specify how many generic Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 nodes you require and the flavor when selecting nodes to provision. For example:

parameter_defaults:
  OvercloudGenericFlavor: baremetal
  GenericCount: 1

Include both the roles file and the environment file when running the openstack overcloud deploy command. For example:

$ openstack overcloud deploy --templates -r ~/templates/roles_data_with_generic.yaml -e ~/templates/generic-node-params.yaml

This deploys a three-node environment with one Controller node, one Compute node, and one generic Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 node.