Chapter 9. Customizing GNOME desktop features
9.1. Changing the language using desktop GUI
This section describes how to change the system language using the desktop GUI.
Prerequisites
- Required language packages are installed on your system
Procedure
Open the
GNOME Control Center
from theSystem menu
by clicking on its icon.-
In the
GNOME Control Center
, chooseRegion & Language
from the left vertical bar. Click the Language menu.
Select the required region and language from the menu.
If your region and language are not listed, scroll down, and click More to select from available regions and languages.
- Click Done.
Click Restart for changes to take effect.
Some applications do not support certain languages. The text of an application that cannot be translated into the selected language remains in US English.
Additional resources
-
For more information on how to launch the
GNOME Control Center
, see approaches described in Launching applications
9.2. Enabling the CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE shortcut
The Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
shortcut key combination is used for terminating the X.Org display server.
You might want to terminate X.Org especially when:
- A program caused X.Org to stop working.
- You need to switch from your logged-in session quickly.
- You have launched a program that failed.
- You cannot operate in the current session.
- Your screen freezes.
To enable the Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
shortcut to forcibly terminate X.Org by default for all users, you need to set the org.gnome.desktop.input-sources.xkb-options
GSettings key.
Procedure
Create a local database for machine-wide settings in
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-input-sources
:[org/gnome/desktop/input-sources] # Enable Ctrl-Alt-Backspace for all users xkb-options=['terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp']
Override the user’s setting, and prevent the user from changing it in
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/input-sources
:# Lock the list of enabled XKB options /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options
Update the system databases for the changes to take effect:
# dconf update
- Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.
If the Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
key combination is enabled, all users can terminate X.Org , which brings them back to the login prompt.
9.3. Disabling command-line access
To disable command-line access for a desktop user, you need to make configuration changes in a number of different contexts:
- Section 9.3.1, “Setting the org.gnome.desktop.lockdown.disable-command-line Key”
- Section 9.3.2, “Disabling virtual terminal switching on X.Org”
-
Remove Terminal and any other application that provides access to the terminal from the
Applications menu
andActivities Overview
in GNOME Shell. This is done by removing menu items for those applications.
The following steps do not remove the desktop user’s permissions to access a command line, but rather remove the ways that the desktop user could access command line.
9.3.1. Setting the org.gnome.desktop.lockdown.disable-command-line Key
This approach prevents the user from:
- Accessing the terminal
-
Specifying a command line to be executed by using the
Alt+F2
command prompt
Procedure
Create a local database for machine-wide settings in
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-lockdown
:[org/gnome/desktop/lockdown] # Disable command-line access disable-command-line=true
Override the user’s setting and prevent the user from changing it in
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/lockdown
:# Lock the disabled command-line access /org/gnome/desktop/lockdown
Update the system databases:
# dconf update
- Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.
9.3.2. Disabling virtual terminal switching on X.Org
With the X.Org display server, users can normally use the Ctrl+Alt+function
key shortcuts to switch from the GNOME Desktop and X.Org to a virtual terminal. You can disable access to all virtual terminals by modifying the X.Org configuration. The X.Org configuration should be modified by adding the DontVTSwitch
option to the Serverflags
section of an X configuration file in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
directory, as shown by the following procedure.
You cannot apply the procedure if GNOME Shell on Wayland is used as the display server.
Procedure
Create or edit an X configuration file in the
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
directory:NoteBy convention, these host-specific configuration file names start with two digits and a hyphen and always have the
.conf
extension. Thus, the following file name can be/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-xorg.conf
.Section "Serverflags" Option "DontVTSwitch" "yes" EndSection
- Restart the X.Org display server for the changes to take effect.
9.4. Preventing the computer from suspending when closing the lid
When closing the lid of your laptop, the computer by default suspends in order to save power. You can prevent the computer from suspending when closing the lid by changing the setting for that behavior.
Some laptops can overheat if they are left running with the lid closed, especially if they are in a confined place. Therefore, consider whether changing the default setting from suspend to an other option is beneficial in your case.
Procedure
-
Open the
/etc/systemd/logind.conf
file for editing. Find the
HandleLidSwitch=suspend
line in the file.If it is quoted out with the
#
character at the start, unquote it by removing#
.If the line is not present in the file, add it.
Replace the default
suspend
parameter with:-
lock
for the screen to lock -
ignore
for nothing to happen -
poweroff
for the computer to switch off
For example:
[Login] HandleLidSwitch=lock
-
- Save your changes, and close the editor.
Run the following command so that your changes preserve the next restart of the system:
# systemctl restart systemd-logind.service
WarningRestarting the service forcibly interrupts any currently running GNOME session of any desktop user who is logged in. This can result in users losing unsaved data.
For more information on the /etc/systemd/logind.conf
file, see the logind.conf
man page.
9.5. Changing behavior when pressing the power button in graphical target mode
When the machine is booted to a graphical login screen or user session, hitting the power
button makes the machine suspend by default. This happens both in cases when the user presses the power
button physically or when pressing a virtual power
button from a remote console. To achieve a different behavior when pressing the power
button, set the function of this button with dconf
.
For example, if you want the system to shutdown after pressing the power
button, use the following procedure:
Procedure
Create a local database for system-wide settings in the
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/01-power
file:[org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/power] power-button-action='interactive'
Override the user’s setting, and prevent the user from changing it in the
/etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/01-power
file:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/power/power-button-action
Update the system databases:
# dconf update
- Log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.
This configuration initiates a system shutdown after pressing the power
button. To configure the system differently, you can set the behavior of particular buttons.
Options for particular buttons:
nothing
does nothing
suspend
suspends the system
hibernate
hibernates the system
interactive
shows a pop-up query asking the user what to do
With interactive mode, the system powers off automatically after 60 seconds when hitting the power button. However, you can choose a different behavior from the pop-up query as shown in the figure below.
Pop-up query for interactive mode