Chapter 5. Monitoring performance using RHEL System Roles

Procedure

1. Install the rhel-system-roles package:

   [root@control-node]# yum install rhel-system-roles

   This command installs Ansible Core as a dependency.

2. Create a user that you later use to manage and execute playbooks:

   [root@control-node]# useradd ansible

3. Switch to the newly created ansible user:

   [root@control-node]# su - ansible

   Perform the rest of the procedure as this user.

4. Create an SSH public and private key

   [ansible@control-node]$ ssh-keygen
   Generating public/private rsa key pair.
   Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ansible/.ssh/id_rsa): password
   ...

   Use the suggested default location for the key file.

5. Optional: Configure an SSH agent to prevent Ansible from prompting you for the SSH key password each time you establish a connection.

6. Create the ~/.ansible.cfg file with the following content:

   [defaults]
   inventory = /home/ansible/inventory
   remote_user = ansible
   
   [privilege_escalation]
   become = True
   become_method = sudo
   become_user = root
   become_ask_pass = True

   With these settings:

   • Ansible manages hosts in the specified inventory file.
   • Ansible uses the account set in the remote_user parameter when it establishes SSH connections to managed nodes.

   • Ansible uses the sudo utility to execute tasks on managed nodes as the root user.

     For security reasons, configure sudo on managed nodes to require entering the password of the remote user to become root. By specifying the become_ask_pass=True setting in ~/.ansible.cfg, Ansible prompts for this password when you execute a playbook.

   Settings in the ~/.ansible.cfg file have a higher priority and override settings from the global /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg file.

7. Create the ~/inventory file. For example, the following is an inventory file in the INI format with three hosts and one host group named US:

   managed-node-01.example.com
   
   [US]
   managed-node-02.example.com ansible_host=192.0.2.100
   managed-node-03.example.com

   Note that the control node must be able to resolve the hostnames. If the DNS server cannot resolve certain hostnames, add the ansible_host parameter next to the host entry to specify its IP address.

Verification

1. Prepare a managed node.
2. Verify access from the control node to managed nodes

Procedure

1. Create a user:

   [root@managed-node-01]# useradd ansible

   The control node later uses this user to establish an SSH connection to this host.

2. Set a password to the ansible user:

   [root@managed-node-01]# passwd ansible
   Changing password for user ansible.
   New password: password
   Retype new password: password
   passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

   You must enter this password when Ansible uses sudo to perform tasks as the root user.

3. Install the ansible user’s SSH public key on the managed node:

   1. Log into the control node as the ansible user, and copy the SSH public key to the managed node:

      [ansible@control-node]$ ssh-copy-id managed-node-01.example.com
      /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/ansible/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
      The authenticity of host 'managed-node-01.example.com (192.0.2.100)' can't be established.
      ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:9bZ33GJNODK3zbNhybokN/6Mq7hu3vpBXDrCxe7NAvo.
      Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
      /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
      /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
      ansible@managed-node-01.example.com's password: password
      
      Number of key(s) added: 1
      
      Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'managed-node-01.example.com'"
      and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

   2. Remotely execute a command on the control node to verify the SSH connection:

      [ansible@control-node]$ ssh managed-node-01.example.com whoami
      ansible

4. Create a sudo configuration for the ansible user:

   1. Use the visudo command to create and edit the /etc/sudoers.d/ansible file:

      [root@managed-node-01]# visudo /etc/sudoers.d/ansible

      The benefit of using visudo over a normal editor is that this utility provides basic sanity checks and checks for parse errors before installing the file.

   2. Enter the following content to the /etc/sudoers.d/ansible file:

      ansible ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

      These settings grant permissions to the ansible user to run all commands as any user and group on this host without entering the password of the ansible user.

Procedure

1. Use the Ansible ping module to verify that you can execute commands on an all managed hosts:

   [ansible@control-node]$ ansible all -m ping
   BECOME password: password
   managed-node-01.example.com | SUCCESS => {
       "ansible_facts": {
           "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
       },
       "changed": false,
       "ping": "pong"
   }
   ...

   The hard-coded all host group dynamically contains all hosts listed in the inventory file.

2. Use the Ansible command module to run the whoami utility on a managed host:

   [ansible@control-node]$ ansible managed-node-01.example.com -m command -a whoami
   BECOME password: password
   managed-node-01.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
   root

   If the command returns root, you configured sudo on the managed nodes correctly, and privilege escalation works.