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  1. Linux Domain Identity, Authentication, and Policy Guide
  2. I. Overview of Red Hat Identity Management
    1. 1. Introduction to Red Hat Identity Management
      1. 1.1. The Goal of Red Hat Identity Management
        1. 1.1.1. Examples of Benefits Brought by IdM
        2. 1.1.2. Contrasting Identity Management with a Standard LDAP Directory
      2. 1.2. The Identity Management Domain
        1. 1.2.1. Identity Management Servers
          1. 1.2.1.1. Services Hosted by IdM Servers
        2. 1.2.2. Identity Management Clients
          1. 1.2.2.1. Services Hosted by IdM Clients
  3. II. Installing Identity Management
    1. 2. Installing and Uninstalling an Identity Management Server
      1. 2.1. Prerequisites for Installing a Server
        1. 2.1.1. Minimal Hardware Requirements
        2. 2.1.2. Hardware Recommendations
        3. 2.1.3. System Requirements
        4. 2.1.4. Prerequisites for Installing a Server in a FIPS Environment
        5. 2.1.5. Host Name and DNS Configuration
        6. 2.1.6. Port Requirements
      2. 2.2. Packages Required to Install an IdM Server
      3. 2.3. Installing an IdM Server: Introduction
        1. 2.3.1. Determining Whether to Use Integrated DNS
        2. 2.3.2. Determining What CA Configuration to Use
        3. 2.3.3. Installing a Server with Integrated DNS
        4. 2.3.4. Installing a Server Without Integrated DNS
        5. 2.3.5. Installing a Server with an External CA as the Root CA
        6. 2.3.6. Installing Without a CA
        7. 2.3.7. Installing a Server Non-Interactively
      4. 2.4. Uninstalling an IdM Server
      5. 2.5. Renaming a Server
    2. 3. Installing and Uninstalling Identity Management Clients
      1. 3.1. Prerequisites for Installing a Client
        1. 3.1.1. Prerequisites for Installing a Client in a FIPS Environment
      2. 3.2. Packages Required to Install a Client
      3. 3.3. Installing a Client
        1. 3.3.1. Installing a Client Interactively
        2. 3.3.2. Installing a Client Non-interactively
      4. 3.4. Setting up an IdM Client Through Kickstart
        1. 3.4.1. Pre-creating a Client Host Entry on the IdM Server
        2. 3.4.2. Creating a Kickstart File for the Client
      5. 3.5. Post-installation Considerations for Clients
        1. 3.5.1. Removing Pre-Identity Management Configuration
      6. 3.6. Testing the New Client
      7. 3.7. Uninstalling a Client
      8. 3.8. Re-enrolling a Client into the IdM Domain
        1. 3.8.1. Re-enrolling a Client Interactively Using the Administrator Account
        2. 3.8.2. Re-enrolling a Client Non-interactively Using the Client Keytab
      9. 3.9. Renaming Client Machines
    3. 4. Installing and Uninstalling Identity Management Replicas
      1. 4.1. Explaining IdM Replicas
      2. 4.2. Deployment Considerations for Replicas
        1. 4.2.1. Distribution of Server Services in the Topology
        2. 4.2.2. Replica Topology Recommendations
          1. 4.2.2.1. Tight Cell Topology
        3. 4.2.3. The Hidden Replica Mode
      3. 4.3. Prerequisites for Installing a Replica
      4. 4.4. Packages Required to Install a Replica
      5. 4.5. Creating the Replica: Introduction
        1. 4.5.1. Promoting a Client to a Replica Using a Host Keytab
        2. 4.5.2. Installing a Replica Using a Random Password
        3. 4.5.3. Installing a Replica with DNS
        4. 4.5.4. Installing a Replica with a CA
        5. 4.5.5. Installing a Replica from a Server without a CA
      6. 4.6. Testing the New Replica
      7. 4.7. Uninstalling a Replica
  4. III. Administration: Managing Servers
    1. 5. The Basics of Managing the IdM Server and Services
      1. 5.1. Starting and Stopping the IdM Server
      2. 5.2. Logging into IdM Using Kerberos
      3. 5.3. The IdM Command-Line Utilities
        1. 5.3.1. Getting Help for ipa Commands
        2. 5.3.2. Setting a List of Values
        3. 5.3.3. Using Special Characters
        4. 5.3.4. Searching IdM Entries
          1. 5.3.4.1. Adjusting the Search Size and Time Limit
      4. 5.4. The IdM Web UI
        1. 5.4.1. Supported Web Browsers
        2. 5.4.2. Accessing the Web UI and Authenticating
          1. 5.4.2.1. Accessing the Web UI
          2. 5.4.2.2. Available Login Methods
          3. 5.4.2.3. Web UI Session Length
          4. 5.4.2.4. Authenticating to the IdM Web UI as an AD User
        3. 5.4.3. Configuring the Browser for Kerberos Authentication
        4. 5.4.4. Configuring an External System for Kerberos Authentication to the Web UI
        5. 5.4.5. Proxy Servers and Port Forwarding in the Web UI
    2. 6. Managing Replication Topology
      1. 6.1. Explaining Replication Agreements, Topology Suffixes, and Topology Segments
      2. 6.2. Web UI: Using the Topology Graph to Manage Replication Topology
        1. 6.2.1. Setting up Replication Between Two Servers
        2. 6.2.2. Stopping Replication Between Two Servers
      3. 6.3. Command Line: Managing Topology Using the ipa topology* Commands
        1. 6.3.1. Getting Help for Topology Management Commands
        2. 6.3.2. Setting up Replication Between Two Servers
        3. 6.3.3. Stopping Replication Between Two Servers
      4. 6.4. Removing a Server from the Topology
        1. 6.4.1. Web UI: Removing a Server from the Topology
        2. 6.4.2. Command Line: Removing a Server from the Topology
      5. 6.5. Managing Server Roles
        1. 6.5.1. Viewing Server Roles
        2. 6.5.2. Promoting a Replica to a Master CA Server
          1. 6.5.2.1. Changing the Current CA Renewal Master
          2. 6.5.2.2. Changing Which Server Generates CRLs
          3. 6.5.2.3. Verifying That the New Master CA Server Is Configured Correctly
        3. 6.5.3. Demotion and Promotion of Hidden Replicas
    3. 7. Displaying and Raising the Domain Level
      1. 7.1. Displaying the Current Domain Level
      2. 7.2. Raising the Domain Level
    4. 8. Updating and Migrating Identity Management
      1. 8.1. Updating Identity Management
        1. 8.1.1. Considerations for Updating Identity Management
        2. 8.1.2. Using yum to Update the Identity Management Packages
      2. 8.2. Migrating Identity Management from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 to Version 7
        1. 8.2.1. Prerequisites for Migrating Identity Management from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 to 7
        2. 8.2.2. Updating the Identity Management Schema on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
        3. 8.2.3. Installing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Replica
        4. 8.2.4. Transitioning the CA Services to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Server
        5. 8.2.5. Stop the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Server
        6. 8.2.6. Next Steps After Migrating the Master CA Server
    5. 9. Backing Up and Restoring Identity Management
      1. 9.1. Full-Server Backup and Data-Only Backup
        1. 9.1.1. Creating a Backup
          1. 9.1.1.1. Working Around Insufficient Space on Volumes Involved During Backup
        2. 9.1.2. Encrypting Backup
        3. 9.1.3. List of Directories and Files Copied During Backup
      2. 9.2. Restoring a Backup
        1. 9.2.1. Restoring from the Full-Server or Data-Only Backup
        2. 9.2.2. Restoring with Multiple Master Servers
        3. 9.2.3. Restoring from an Encrypted Backup
    6. 10. Defining Access Control for IdM Users
      1. 10.1. Access Controls for IdM Entries
        1. 10.1.1. Access Control Methods in Identity Management
      2. 10.2. Defining Self-Service Settings
        1. 10.2.1. Creating Self-Service Rules from the Web UI
        2. 10.2.2. Creating Self-Service Rules from the Command Line
        3. 10.2.3. Editing Self-Service Rules
      3. 10.3. Delegating Permissions over Users
        1. 10.3.1. Delegating Access to User Groups in the Web UI
        2. 10.3.2. Delegating Access to User Groups in the Command Line
      4. 10.4. Defining Role-Based Access Controls
        1. 10.4.1. Roles
          1. 10.4.1.1. Creating Roles in the Web UI
          2. 10.4.1.2. Creating Roles in the Command Line
        2. 10.4.2. Permissions
          1. 10.4.2.1. Creating New Permissions from the Web UI
          2. 10.4.2.2. Creating New Permissions from the Command Line
          3. 10.4.2.3. Default Managed Permissions
          4. 10.4.2.4. Permissions in Earlier Versions of Identity Management
        3. 10.4.3. Privileges
          1. 10.4.3.1. Creating New Privileges from the Web UI
          2. 10.4.3.2. Creating New Privileges from the Command Line
  5. IV. Administration: Managing Identities
    1. 11. Managing User Accounts
      1. 11.1. Setting up User Home Directories
        1. 11.1.1. Mounting Home Directories Automatically Using the PAM Home Directory Module
        2. 11.1.2. Mounting Home Directories Manually
      2. 11.2. User Life Cycle
        1. 11.2.1. Adding Stage or Active Users
          1. 11.2.1.1. User Name Requirements
          2. 11.2.1.2. Defining a Custom UID or GID Number
        2. 11.2.2. Listing Users and Searching for Users
        3. 11.2.3. Activating, Preserving, Deleting, and Restoring Users
      3. 11.3. Editing Users
      4. 11.4. Enabling and Disabling User Accounts
      5. 11.5. Allowing Non-admin Users to Manage User Entries
      6. 11.6. Using an External Provisioning System for Users and Groups
        1. 11.6.1. Configuring User Accounts to Be Used by the External Provisioning System
        2. 11.6.2. Configuring IdM to Automatically Activate Stage User Accounts
        3. 11.6.3. Configuring the LDAP Provider of the External Provisioning System to Manage the IdM Identities
    2. 12. Managing Hosts
      1. 12.1. About Hosts, Services, and Machine Identity and Authentication
      2. 12.2. About Host Entry Configuration Properties
      3. 12.3. Adding Host Entries
        1. 12.3.1. Adding Host Entries from the Web UI
        2. 12.3.2. Adding Host Entries from the Command Line
      4. 12.4. Disabling and Re-enabling Host Entries
        1. 12.4.1. Disabling Host Entries
        2. 12.4.2. Re-enabling Hosts
      5. 12.5. Managing Public SSH Keys for Hosts
        1. 12.5.1. About the SSH Key Format
        2. 12.5.2. About ipa-client-install and OpenSSH
        3. 12.5.3. Uploading Host SSH Keys Through the Web UI
        4. 12.5.4. Adding Host Keys from the Command Line
        5. 12.5.5. Removing Host Keys
      6. 12.6. Setting ethers Information for a Host
    3. 13. Managing User and Host Groups
      1. 13.1. How User and Host Groups Work in IdM
        1. 13.1.1. What User and Host Groups Are
        2. 13.1.2. Supported Group Members
        3. 13.1.3. Direct and Indirect Group Members
        4. 13.1.4. User Group Types in IdM
        5. 13.1.5. User and Host Groups Created by Default
      2. 13.2. Adding and Removing User or Host Groups
      3. 13.3. Adding and Removing User or Host Group Members
      4. 13.4. Disabling User Private Groups
        1. 13.4.1. Creating a User without a User Private Group
        2. 13.4.2. Disabling User Private Groups Globally for All Users
        3. 13.4.3. Adding a User with User Private Groups Disabled
      5. 13.5. Setting Search Attributes for Users and User Groups
      6. 13.6. Defining Automatic Group Membership for Users and Hosts
        1. 13.6.1. How Automatic Group Membership Works in IdM
          1. 13.6.1.1. What Automatic Group Membership Is
          2. 13.6.1.2. Benefits of Automatic Group Membership
          3. 13.6.1.3. Automember Rules
        2. 13.6.2. Adding an Automember Rule
        3. 13.6.3. Applying Automember Rules to Existing Users and Hosts
        4. 13.6.4. Configuring a Default Automember Group
    4. 14. Unique UID and GID Number Assignments
      1. 14.1. ID Ranges
      2. 14.2. ID Range Assignments During Installation
      3. 14.3. Displaying Currently Assigned ID Ranges
      4. 14.4. Automatic ID Range Extension After Deleting a Replica
      5. 14.5. Manual ID Range Extension and Assigning a New ID Range
      6. 14.6. Ensuring That ID Values Are Unique
      7. 14.7. Repairing Changed UID and GID Numbers
    5. 15. User and Group Schema
      1. 15.1. About Changing the Default User and Group Schema
      2. 15.2. Applying Custom Object Classes to New User Entries
        1. 15.2.1. From the Web UI
        2. 15.2.2. From the Command Line
      3. 15.3. Applying Custom Object Classes to New Group Entries
        1. 15.3.1. From the Web UI
        2. 15.3.2. From the Command Line
      4. 15.4. Specifying Default User and Group Attributes
        1. 15.4.1. Viewing Attributes from the Web UI
        2. 15.4.2. Viewing Attributes from the Command Line
    6. 16. Managing Services
      1. 16.1. Adding and Editing Service Entries and Keytabs
        1. 16.1.1. Adding Services and Keytabs from the Web UI
        2. 16.1.2. Adding Services and Keytabs from the Command Line
      2. 16.2. Configuring Clustered Services
      3. 16.3. Using the Same Service Principal for Multiple Services
      4. 16.4. Retrieve Existing Keytabs for Multiple Servers
      5. 16.5. Disabling and Re-enabling Service Entries
        1. 16.5.1. Disabling Service Entries
        2. 16.5.2. Re-enabling Services
    7. 17. Delegating Access to Hosts and Services
      1. 17.1. Delegating Service Management
      2. 17.2. Delegating Host Management
      3. 17.3. Delegating Host or Service Management in the Web UI
      4. 17.4. Accessing Delegated Services
    8. 18. ID Views
      1. 18.1. Attributes an ID View Can Override
      2. 18.2. Getting Help for ID View Commands
      3. 18.3. Defining a Different Attribute Value for a User Account on Different Hosts
        1. 18.3.1. Web UI: Overriding an Attribute Value for a Specific Host
        2. 18.3.2. Command Line: Overriding an Attribute Value for a Specific Host
    9. 19. Defining Access Control for IdM Users
    10. 20. Managing Kerberos Flags and Principal Aliases
      1. 20.1. Kerberos Flags for Services and Hosts
        1. 20.1.1. Setting Kerberos Flags from the Web UI
        2. 20.1.2. Setting and Removing Kerberos Flags from the Command Line
        3. 20.1.3. Displaying Kerberos Flags from the Command Line
      2. 20.2. Managing Kerberos Principal Aliases for Users, Hosts, and Services
        1. 20.2.1. Kerberos Principal Alias
        2. 20.2.2. Kerberos Enterprise Principal Alias
    11. 21. Integrating with NIS Domains and Netgroups
      1. 21.1. About NIS and Identity Management
        1. 21.1.1. NIS Netgroups in Identity Management
          1. 21.1.1.1. Displaying NIS Netgroup Entries
      2. 21.2. Enabling NIS in Identity Management
      3. 21.3. Creating Netgroups
        1. 21.3.1. Adding a Netgroup
        2. 21.3.2. Adding Members to a Netgroup
      4. 21.4. Exposing Automount Maps to NIS Clients
        1. 21.4.1. Adding an Automount Map
      5. 21.5. Migrating from NIS to IdM
        1. 21.5.1. Preparing Netgroup Entries in IdM
        2. 21.5.2. Enabling the NIS Listener in Identity Management
        3. 21.5.3. Exporting and Importing the Existing NIS Data
          1. 21.5.3.1. Migrating User Entries
          2. 21.5.3.2. Migrating Group Entries
          3. 21.5.3.3. Migrating Host Entries
          4. 21.5.3.4. Migrating Netgroup Entries
          5. 21.5.3.5. Migrating Automount Maps
        4. 21.5.4. Enabling Weak Password Hashing for NIS User Authentication
  6. V. Administration: Managing Authentication
    1. 22. User Authentication
      1. 22.1. User Passwords
        1. 22.1.1. Changing and Resetting User Passwords
          1. 22.1.1.1. Web UI: Changing Your Own Personal Password
          2. 22.1.1.2. Web UI: Resetting Another User's Password
          3. 22.1.1.3. Command Line: Changing or Resetting Another User's Password
        2. 22.1.2. Enabling Password Reset Without Prompting for a Password Change at the Next Login
        3. 22.1.3. Unlocking User Accounts After Password Failures
          1. 22.1.3.1. Checking the Status of a User Account
      2. 22.2. Enabling Tracking of Last Successful Kerberos Authentication
      3. 22.3. One-Time Passwords
        1. 22.3.1. How OTP Authentication Works in IdM
          1. 22.3.1.1. OTP Tokens Supported in IdM
          2. 22.3.1.2. Available OTP Authentication Methods
          3. 22.3.1.3. GNOME Keyring Service Support
          4. 22.3.1.4. Offline Authentication with OTP
        2. 22.3.2. Required Settings for Configuring a RADIUS Proxy on an IdM Server Running in FIPS Mode
        3. 22.3.3. Enabling Two Factor Authentication
        4. 22.3.4. Adding a User-Managed Software Token
        5. 22.3.5. Adding a User-Managed YubiKey Hardware Token
        6. 22.3.6. Adding a Token for a User as the Administrator
        7. 22.3.7. Migrating from a Proprietary OTP Solution
          1. 22.3.7.1. Changing the Timeout Value of a KDC When Running a RADIUS Server in a Slow Network
        8. 22.3.8. Promoting the Current Credentials to Two-Factor Authentication
        9. 22.3.9. Resynchronizing an OTP Token
        10. 22.3.10. Replacing a Lost OTP Token
      4. 22.4. Restricting Access to Services and Hosts Based on How Users Authenticate
        1. 22.4.1. Configuring a Host or a Service to Require a Specific Authentication Method
        2. 22.4.2. Changing the Kerberos Authentication Indicator
      5. 22.5. Managing Public SSH Keys for Users
        1. 22.5.1. Generating an SSH Key
        2. 22.5.2. Uploading User SSH Keys
          1. 22.5.2.1. Web UI: Uploading User SSH Keys
          2. 22.5.2.2. Command Line: Uploading User SSH Keys
        3. 22.5.3. Deleting User Keys
          1. 22.5.3.1. Web UI: Deleting User SSH Keys
          2. 22.5.3.2. Command Line: Deleting User SSH Keys
      6. 22.6. Configuring SSSD to Provide a Cache for the OpenSSH Services
        1. 22.6.1. How SSSD Works with OpenSSH
        2. 22.6.2. Configuring OpenSSH to Use SSSD for Host Keys
        3. 22.6.3. Configuring OpenSSH to Use SSSD for User Keys
      7. 22.7. Smart-card Authentication in Identity Management
      8. 22.8. User Certificates
    2. 23. Smart-card Authentication in Identity Management
      1. 23.1. Exporting a Certificate From a Smart Card
      2. 23.2. Configuring Certificate Mapping Rules in Identity Management
        1. 23.2.1. Certificate Mapping Rules for Configuring Authentication on Smart Cards
          1. 23.2.1.1. Certificate Mapping Rules for Trusts with Active Directory Domains
          2. 23.2.1.2. Components of an Identity Mapping Rule in IdM
          3. 23.2.1.3. Obtaining the Issuer from a Certificate for Use in a Matching Rule
        2. 23.2.2. Configuring Certificate Mapping for Users Stored in IdM
          1. 23.2.2.1. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule in IdM
          2. 23.2.2.2. Adding Certificate Mapping Data to a User Entry in IdM
        3. 23.2.3. Configuring Certificate Mapping for Users Whose AD User Entry Contains the Whole Certificate
          1. 23.2.3.1. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule for Users Whose AD User Entry Contains the Whole Certificate Using the IdM Web UI
          2. 23.2.3.2. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule for User Whose AD User Entry Contains the Whole Certificate Using the Command Line
        4. 23.2.4. Configuring Certificate Mapping if AD is Configured to Map User Certificates to User Accounts
          1. 23.2.4.1. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule Using the Web UI if the Trusted AD Domain is Configured to Map User Certificates
          2. 23.2.4.2. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule Using the Command Line if the Trusted AD Domain is Configured to Map User Certificates
          3. 23.2.4.3. Checking Certificate Mapping Data on the AD Side
        5. 23.2.5. Configuring Certificate Mapping if the AD User Entry Contains no Certificate or Mapping Data
          1. 23.2.5.1. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule Using the Web UI if the AD User Entry Contains no Certificate or Mapping Data
          2. 23.2.5.2. Adding a Certificate Mapping Rule Using the Command Line if the AD User Entry Contains no Certificate or Mapping Data
          3. 23.2.5.3. Adding a Certificate to an AD User’s ID Override Using the Web UI
          4. 23.2.5.4. Adding a Certificate to an AD User’s ID Override Using the Command Line
        6. 23.2.6. Combining Several Identity Mapping Rules Into One
      3. 23.3. Authenticating to an Identity Management Client with a Smart Card
        1. 23.3.1. Smart Card-based Authentication Options Supported on Identity Management Clients
        2. 23.3.2. Preparing the Identity Management Client for Smart-card Authentication
        3. 23.3.3. Authenticating on an Identity Management Client with a Smart Card Using the Console Login
        4. 23.3.4. Authenticating to the Remote System from the Local System
        5. 23.3.5. Additional Resources
      4. 23.4. Configuring a User Name Hint Policy for Smart-card Authentication
        1. 23.4.1. User Name Hints in Identity Management
        2. 23.4.2. Enabling User Name Hints in Identity Management
      5. 23.5. PKINIT Smart-card Authentication in Identity Management
        1. 23.5.1. Preparing the Identity Management Client for PKINIT Authentication
        2. 23.5.2. As an Identity Management User: Authenticate Using PKINIT on an Identity Management Client
        3. 23.5.3. As an Active Directory User: Authenticate Using PKINIT on an Identity Management Client
      6. 23.6. Authenticating to the Identity Management Web UI with a Smart Card
        1. 23.6.1. Preparing the Identity Management Server for Smart-card Authentication in the Web UI
        2. 23.6.2. Preparing the Browser for Smart-card Authentication
        3. 23.6.3. Authenticating to the Identity Management Web UI with a Smart Card as an Identity Management User
        4. 23.6.4. Additional Resources
      7. 23.7. Integrating Identity Management Smart-card Authentication with Web Applications
        1. 23.7.1. Prerequisites for Web Application Authentication with Smart Cards
        2. 23.7.2. Configuring Identity Management Smart-card Authentication for a Web Application
      8. 23.8. Enforcing a Specific Authentication Indicator When Obtaining a Ticket from the KDC
    3. 24. Managing Certificates for Users, Hosts, and Services
      1. 24.1. Managing Certificates with the Integrated IdM CAs
        1. 24.1.1. Requesting New Certificates for a User, Host, or Service
          1. 24.1.1.1. Requesting New Certificates Using certutil
          2. 24.1.1.2. Preparing a Certificate Request With Multiple SAN Fields Using OpenSSL
          3. 24.1.1.3. Requesting New Certificates Using Certmonger
          4. 24.1.1.4. Submitting a Certificate Request to the IdM CA
        2. 24.1.2. Revoking Certificates with the Integrated IdM CAs
        3. 24.1.3. Restoring Certificates with the Integrated IdM CAs
      2. 24.2. Managing Certificates Issued by External CAs
        1. 24.2.1. Command Line: Adding and Removing Certificates Issued by External CAs
        2. 24.2.2. Web UI: Adding and Removing Certificates Issued by External CAs
      3. 24.3. Listing and Displaying Certificates
      4. 24.4. Certificate Profiles
        1. 24.4.1. Creating a Certificate Profile
        2. 24.4.2. Certificate Profile Management from the Command Line
        3. 24.4.3. Certificate Profile Management from the Web UI
        4. 24.4.4. Upgrading IdM Servers with Certificate Profiles
      5. 24.5. Certificate Authority ACL Rules
        1. 24.5.1. CA ACL Management from the Command Line
        2. 24.5.2. CA ACL Management from the Web UI
      6. 24.6. Using Certificate Profiles and ACLs to Issue User Certificates with the IdM CAs
    4. 25. Storing Authentication Secrets with Vaults
      1. 25.1. How Vaults Work
        1. 25.1.1. Vault Owners, Members, and Administrators
        2. 25.1.2. Standard, Symmetric, and Asymmetric Vaults
        3. 25.1.3. User, Service, and Shared Vaults
        4. 25.1.4. The Different Types of Vault Containers
      2. 25.2. Prerequisites for Using Vaults
      3. 25.3. Getting Help for Vault Commands
      4. 25.4. Storing a User's Personal Secret
        1. 25.4.1. Archiving a User's Personal Secret
        2. 25.4.2. Retrieving a User's Personal Secret
      5. 25.5. Storing a Service Secret in a Vault
        1. 25.5.1. Creating a User Vault to Store a Service Password
        2. 25.5.2. Provisioning a Service Password from a User Vault to Service Instances
        3. 25.5.3. Retrieving a Service Password for a Service Instance
        4. 25.5.4. Changing Service Vault Password
      6. 25.6. Storing a Common Secret for Multiple Users
        1. 25.6.1. Creating the Shared Vault with the Common Secret
        2. 25.6.2. Retrieving a Secret from a Shared Vault as a Member User
      7. 25.7. Changing the Password or Public Key of a Vault
    5. 26. Managing Certificates and Certificate Authorities
      1. 26.1. Lightweight Sub-CAs
        1. 26.1.1. Creating a Lightweight Sub-CA
        2. 26.1.2. Removing a Lightweight Sub-CA
      2. 26.2. Renewing Certificates
        1. 26.2.1. Renewing Certificates Automatically
        2. 26.2.2. Renewing CA Certificates Manually
          1. 26.2.2.1. Renewing a Self-Signed IdM CA Certificate Manually
          2. 26.2.2.2. Renewing an Externally-Signed IdM CA Certificate Manually
        3. 26.2.3. Renewing Expired System Certificates When IdM is Offline
      3. 26.3. Installing a CA Certificate Manually
      4. 26.4. Changing the Certificate Chain
      5. 26.5. Allowing IdM to Start with Expired Certificates
      6. 26.6. Installing Third-Party Certificates for HTTP or LDAP
      7. 26.7. Configuring OCSP Responders
        1. 26.7.1. Changing the CRL Update Interval
      8. 26.8. Installing a CA Into an Existing IdM Domain
      9. 26.9. Replacing the Web Server's and LDAP Server's Certificate
    6. 27. Kerberos PKINIT Authentication in IdM
      1. 27.1. Default PKINIT Status in Different IdM Versions
      2. 27.2. Displaying the Current PKINIT Configuration
      3. 27.3. Configuring PKINIT in IdM
      4. 27.4. Additional Resources
  7. VI. Administration: Managing Policies
    1. 28. Defining Password Policies
      1. 28.1. What Are Password Policies and Why Are They Useful
      2. 28.2. How Password Policies Work in IdM
        1. 28.2.1. Supported Password Policy Attributes
        2. 28.2.2. Global and Group-specific Password Policies
        3. 28.2.3. Password Policy Priorities
      3. 28.3. Adding a New Password Policy
      4. 28.4. Modifying Password Policy Attributes
      5. 28.5. Changing Password Expiration Date with Immediate Effect
    2. 29. Managing the Kerberos Domain
      1. 29.1. Managing Kerberos Ticket Policies
        1. 29.1.1. Determining the lifetime of a Kerberos Ticket
        2. 29.1.2. Global and User-specific Kerberos Ticket Policies
        3. 29.1.3. Configuring the Global Kerberos Ticket Policy
        4. 29.1.4. Configuring User-specific Kerberos Ticket Policies
      2. 29.2. Rekeying Kerberos Principals
      3. 29.3. Protecting Keytabs
      4. 29.4. Removing Keytabs
      5. 29.5. Additional Resources
    3. 30. Using sudo
      1. 30.1. The sudo Utility in Identity Management
        1. 30.1.1. The Identity Management LDAP Schema for sudo
        2. 30.1.2. NIS Domain Name Requirements
      2. 30.2. sudo Rules in Identity Management
        1. 30.2.1. External Users and Hosts in sudo Rules
        2. 30.2.2. User Group Support for sudo Rules
        3. 30.2.3. Support for sudoers Options
      3. 30.3. Configuring the Location for Looking up sudo Policies
        1. 30.3.1. Configuring Hosts to Use IdM sudo Policies in Earlier Versions of IdM
          1. 30.3.1.1. Applying the sudo Policies to Hosts Using SSSD
          2. 30.3.1.2. Applying the sudo Policies to Hosts Using LDAP
      4. 30.4. Adding sudo Commands, Command Groups, and Rules
        1. 30.4.1. Adding sudo Commands
        2. 30.4.2. Adding sudo Command Groups
        3. 30.4.3. Adding sudo Rules
      5. 30.5. Modifying sudo Commands and Command Groups
      6. 30.6. Modifying sudo Rules
      7. 30.7. Listing and Displaying sudo Commands, Command Groups, and Rules
      8. 30.8. Disabling and Enabling sudo Rules
      9. 30.9. Removing sudo Commands, Command Groups, and Rules
      10. 30.10. Additional Resources
    4. 31. Configuring Host-Based Access Control
      1. 31.1. How Host-Based Access Control Works in IdM
      2. 31.2. Configuring Host-based Access Control in an IdM Domain
        1. 31.2.1. Creating HBAC Rules
        2. 31.2.2. Testing HBAC Rules
        3. 31.2.3. Disabling HBAC Rules
      3. 31.3. Adding HBAC Service Entries for Custom HBAC Services
      4. 31.4. Adding HBAC Service Groups
    5. 32. Defining SELinux User Maps
      1. 32.1. About Identity Management, SELinux, and Mapping Users
      2. 32.2. Configuring SELinux User Map Order and Defaults
        1. 32.2.1. In the Web UI
        2. 32.2.2. In the CLI
      3. 32.3. Mapping SELinux Users and IdM Users
        1. 32.3.1. In the Web UI
        2. 32.3.2. In the CLI
  8. VII. Administration: Managing Network Services
    1. 33. Managing DNS
      1. 33.1. BIND in Identity Management
      2. 33.2. Supported DNS Zone Types
      3. 33.3. DNS Configuration Priorities
      4. 33.4. Managing Master DNS Zones
        1. 33.4.1. Adding and Removing Master DNS Zones
        2. 33.4.2. Adding Additional Configuration for Master DNS Zones
        3. 33.4.3. Enabling Zone Transfers
        4. 33.4.4. Adding Records to DNS Zones
        5. 33.4.5. Examples of Adding or Modifying DNS Resource Records from the Command Line
        6. 33.4.6. Deleting Records from DNS Zones
        7. 33.4.7. Disabling and Enabling Zones
      5. 33.5. Managing Dynamic DNS Updates
        1. 33.5.1. Enabling Dynamic DNS Updates
          1. 33.5.1.1. Configuring the DNS Zone to Allow Dynamic Updates
          2. 33.5.1.2. Configuring the Clients to Send Dynamic Updates
        2. 33.5.2. Synchronizing A/AAAA and PTR Records
          1. 33.5.2.1. Configuring PTR Record Synchronization in the Web UI
          2. 33.5.2.2. Configuring PTR Record Synchronization Using the Command Line
        3. 33.5.3. Updating DNS Dynamic Update Policies
      6. 33.6. Managing DNS Forwarding
        1. 33.6.1. Configuring Global Forwarders
        2. 33.6.2. Configuring Forward Zones
      7. 33.7. Managing Reverse DNS Zones
      8. 33.8. Defining DNS Query Policy
      9. 33.9. DNS Locations
        1. 33.9.1. DNS-based Service Discovery
        2. 33.9.2. Deployment Considerations for DNS Locations
          1. 33.9.2.1. DNS Time to Live (TTL)
        3. 33.9.3. Creating DNS Locations
        4. 33.9.4. Assigning an IdM Server to a DNS Location
        5. 33.9.5. Configuring a Client to Use IdM Servers in the Same Location
      10. 33.10. Updating DNS Records Systematically When Using External DNS
        1. 33.10.1. Updating External DNS in Identity Management
        2. 33.10.2. GUI: Updating External DNS Records
        3. 33.10.3. Command Line: Updating External DNS Records Using nsupdate
      11. 33.11. Installing DNS Services Into an Existing Server
        1. 33.11.1. Setting up Additional Name Servers
    2. 34. Using Automount
      1. 34.1. About Automount and IdM
      2. 34.2. Configuring Automount
        1. 34.2.1. Configuring NFS Automatically
        2. 34.2.2. Configuring autofs Manually to Use SSSD and Identity Management
        3. 34.2.3. Configuring Automount on Solaris
      3. 34.3. Setting up a Kerberos-aware NFS Server
      4. 34.4. Setting up a Kerberos-aware NFS Client
      5. 34.5. Configuring Locations
        1. 34.5.1. Configuring Locations through the Web UI
        2. 34.5.2. Configuring Locations through the Command Line
      6. 34.6. Configuring Maps
        1. 34.6.1. Configuring Direct Maps
          1. 34.6.1.1. Configuring Direct Maps from the Web UI
          2. 34.6.1.2. Configuring Direct Maps from the Command Line
        2. 34.6.2. Configuring Indirect Maps
          1. 34.6.2.1. Configuring Indirect Maps from the Web UI
          2. 34.6.2.2. Configuring Indirect Maps from the Command Line
        3. 34.6.3. Importing Automount Maps
  9. VIII. Security Hardening
    1. 35. Configuring TLS for Identity Management
      1. 35.1. Configuring the httpd Daemon
      2. 35.2. Configuring the Directory Server Component
      3. 35.3. Configuring the Certificate Server Component
      4. 35.4. Result
    2. 36. Disabling Anonymous Binds
  10. IX. Performance Tuning
    1. 37. Performance Tuning for Bulk Provisioning of Entries
    2. 38. Failover, load balancing and high availability in Identity Management
  11. X. Migration
    1. 39. Migrating from an LDAP Directory to IdM
      1. 39.1. An Overview of an LDAP to IdM Migration
        1. 39.1.1. Planning the Client Configuration
          1. 39.1.1.1. Initial Client Configuration (Pre-Migration)
          2. 39.1.1.2. Recommended Configuration for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Clients
          3. 39.1.1.3. Alternative Supported Configuration
        2. 39.1.2. Planning Password Migration
          1. 39.1.2.1. Method 1: Using Temporary Passwords and Requiring a Change
          2. 39.1.2.2. Method 2: Using the Migration Web Page
          3. 39.1.2.3. Method 3: Using SSSD (Recommended)
          4. 39.1.2.4. Migrating Cleartext LDAP Passwords
          5. 39.1.2.5. Automatically Resetting Passwords That Do Not Meet Requirements
        3. 39.1.3. Migration Considerations and Requirements
          1. 39.1.3.1. LDAP Servers Supported for Migration
          2. 39.1.3.2. Migration Environment Requirements
          3. 39.1.3.3. Migration — IdM System Requirements
          4. 39.1.3.4. Considerations about Sudo Rules
          5. 39.1.3.5. Migration Tools
          6. 39.1.3.6. Improving Migration Performance
          7. 39.1.3.7. Migration Sequence
      2. 39.2. Examples for Using ipa migrate-ds
        1. 39.2.1. Migrating Specific Subtrees
        2. 39.2.2. Specifically Including or Excluding Entries
        3. 39.2.3. Excluding Entry Attributes
        4. 39.2.4. Setting the Schema to Use
      3. 39.3. Migrating an LDAP Server to Identity Management
      4. 39.4. Migrating over SSL
  12. A. Troubleshooting: General Guidelines
    1. A.1. Investigating Failures when Executing the ipa Utility
    2. A.2. Investigating kinit Authentication Failures
    3. A.3. Investigating IdM Web UI Authentication Failures
    4. A.4. Investigating Smart Card Authentication Failures
    5. A.5. Investigating Why a Service Fails to Start
    6. A.6. Troubleshooting DNS
    7. A.7. Troubleshooting Replication
  13. B. Troubleshooting: Solutions to Specific Problems
    1. B.1. Identity Management Servers
      1. B.1.1. External CA Installation Fails
      2. B.1.2. named Daemon Fails to Start
      3. B.1.3. Installing a Server Fails on a System with IPv6 Disabled
    2. B.2. Identity Management Replicas
      1. B.2.1. Authenticating AD Users Against a New Replica Fails
      2. B.2.2. Replica Starts with SASL, GSS-API, and Kerberos Errors in the Directory Server Logs
      3. B.2.3. The DNS Forward Record Does Not Match the Reverse Address
      4. B.2.4. Serial Numbers Not Found Errors
      5. B.2.5. Cleaning Replica Update Vector (RUV) Errors
      6. B.2.6. Recovering a Lost CA Server
    3. B.3. Identity Management Clients
      1. B.3.1. The Client Is Unable to Resolve Reverse Lookups when Using an External DNS
      2. B.3.2. The Client Is Not Added to the DNS Zone
      3. B.3.3. Client Connection Problems
    4. B.4. Logging In and Authentication Problems
      1. B.4.1. Kerberos GSS Failures When Running ipa Commands
      2. B.4.2. SSH Connection Fails when Using GSS-API
      3. B.4.3. OTP Token Out of Sync
      4. B.4.4. Smart Card Authentication Fails with Timeout Error Messages
    5. B.5. Vaults
      1. B.5.1. Users Cannot Access Their Vault Due To Insufficient 'add' Privilege
  14. C. A Reference of Identity Management Files and Logs
    1. C.1. Identity Management Configuration Files and Directories
    2. C.2. Identity Management Log Files and Directories
    3. C.3. IdM Domain Services and Log Rotation
  15. D. Managing Replicas at Domain Level 0
    1. D.1. Replica Information File
    2. D.2. Creating Replicas
      1. D.2.1. Installing a Replica without DNS
      2. D.2.2. Installing a Replica with DNS
      3. D.2.3. Installing a Replica with Various CA Configurations
      4. D.2.4. Adding Additional Replication Agreements
    3. D.3. Managing Replicas and Replication Agreements
      1. D.3.1. Explaining Replication Agreements
      2. D.3.2. Listing Replication Agreements
      3. D.3.3. Creating and Removing Replication Agreements
      4. D.3.4. Initiating a Manual Replication Update
      5. D.3.5. Re-initializing a Replica
      6. D.3.6. Removing a Replica
    4. D.4. Promoting a Replica to a Master CA Server
      1. D.4.1. Changing Which Server Handles Certificate Renewal
  16. E. Identity Management Server Ports Considerations
    1. E.1. Identity Management components and associated services
  17. F. Notable Changes in IdM
  18. G. Revision History
  19. Legal Notice

22.8. User Certificates

For information on user certificates, see Chapter 24, Managing Certificates for Users, Hosts, and Services.
  • 22.7. Smart-card Authentication in Identity Management
  • 23. Smart-card Authentication in Identity Management
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