Deployment Guide
Introduction
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1. 1. Document Conventions
2. 2. Send in Your Feedback
I. File Systems
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1. 1. File System Structure
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  1. 1.1. Why Share a Common Structure?
  2. 1.2. Overview of File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
    
    Expand section "1.2. Overview of File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)" Collapse section "1.2. Overview of File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)"
    
    1.2.1. FHS Organization
    
    Expand section "1.2.1. FHS Organization" Collapse section "1.2.1. FHS Organization"
    
    1.2.1.1. The /boot/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.2. The /dev/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.3. The /etc/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.4. The /lib/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.5. The /media/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.6. The /mnt/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.7. The /opt/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.8. The /proc/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.9. The /sbin/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.10. The /srv/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.11. The /sys/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.12. The /usr/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.13. The /usr/local/ Directory
    
    1.2.1.14. The /var/ Directory
  3. 1.3. Special File Locations Under Red Hat Enterprise Linux
2. 2. Using the mount Command
  Expand section "2. Using the mount Command" Collapse section "2. Using the mount Command"
  1. 2.1. Listing Currently Mounted File Systems
  2. 2.2. Mounting a File System
    
    Expand section "2.2. Mounting a File System" Collapse section "2.2. Mounting a File System"
    
    2.2.1. Specifying the File System Type
    
    2.2.2. Specifying the Mount Options
    
    2.2.3. Sharing Mounts
    
    2.2.4. Moving a Mount Point
  3. 2.3. Unmounting a File System
  4. 2.4. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "2.4. Additional Resources" Collapse section "2.4. Additional Resources"
    
    2.4.1. Installed Documentation
    
    2.4.2. Useful Websites
3. 3. The ext3 File System
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4. 4. The ext4 File System
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5. 5. The proc File System
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  1. 5.1. A Virtual File System
    
    Expand section "5.1. A Virtual File System" Collapse section "5.1. A Virtual File System"
    
    5.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files
    
    5.1.2. Changing Virtual Files
    
    5.1.3. Restricting Access to Process Directories
  2. 5.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System
    
    Expand section "5.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" Collapse section "5.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System"
    
    5.2.1. /proc/apm
    
    5.2.2. /proc/buddyinfo
    
    5.2.3. /proc/cmdline
    
    5.2.4. /proc/cpuinfo
    
    5.2.5. /proc/crypto
    
    5.2.6. /proc/devices
    
    5.2.7. /proc/dma
    
    5.2.8. /proc/execdomains
    
    5.2.9. /proc/fb
    
    5.2.10. /proc/filesystems
    
    5.2.11. /proc/interrupts
    
    5.2.12. /proc/iomem
    
    5.2.13. /proc/ioports
    
    5.2.14. /proc/kcore
    
    5.2.15. /proc/kmsg
    
    5.2.16. /proc/loadavg
    
    5.2.17. /proc/locks
    
    5.2.18. /proc/mdstat
    
    5.2.19. /proc/meminfo
    
    5.2.20. /proc/misc
    
    5.2.21. /proc/modules
    
    5.2.22. /proc/mounts
    
    5.2.23. /proc/mtrr
    
    5.2.24. /proc/partitions
    
    5.2.25. /proc/pci
    
    5.2.26. /proc/slabinfo
    
    5.2.27. /proc/stat
    
    5.2.28. /proc/swaps
    
    5.2.29. /proc/sysrq-trigger
    
    5.2.30. /proc/uptime
    
    5.2.31. /proc/version
  3. 5.3. Directories within /proc/
    
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    5.3.1. Process Directories
    
    Expand section "5.3.1. Process Directories" Collapse section "5.3.1. Process Directories"
    
    5.3.1.1. /proc/self/
    
    5.3.2. /proc/bus/
    
    5.3.3. /proc/driver/
    
    5.3.4. /proc/fs
    
    5.3.5. /proc/ide/
    
    Expand section "5.3.5. /proc/ide/ " Collapse section "5.3.5. /proc/ide/ "
    
    5.3.5.1. Device Directories
    
    5.3.6. /proc/irq/
    
    5.3.7. /proc/net/
    
    5.3.8. /proc/scsi/
    
    5.3.9. /proc/sys/
    
    Expand section "5.3.9. /proc/sys/ " Collapse section "5.3.9. /proc/sys/ "
    
    5.3.9.1. /proc/sys/dev/
    
    5.3.9.2. /proc/sys/fs/
    
    5.3.9.3. /proc/sys/kernel/
    
    5.3.9.4. /proc/sys/net/
    
    5.3.9.5. /proc/sys/vm/
    
    5.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/
    
    5.3.11. /proc/tty/
    
    5.3.12. /proc/<PID>/
  4. 5.4. Using the sysctl Command
  5. 5.5. Additional Resources
    
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    5.5.1. Installed Documentation
    
    5.5.2. Useful Websites
6. 6. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)
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  1. 6.1. What is RAID?
    
    Expand section "6.1. What is RAID?" Collapse section "6.1. What is RAID?"
    
    6.1.1. Who Should Use RAID?
    
    6.1.2. Hardware RAID versus Software RAID
    
    6.1.3. RAID Levels and Linear Support
  2. 6.2. Configuring Software RAID
    
    Expand section "6.2. Configuring Software RAID" Collapse section "6.2. Configuring Software RAID"
    
    6.2.1. Creating the RAID Partitions
    
    6.2.2. Creating the RAID Devices and Mount Points
  3. 6.3. Managing Software RAID
    
    Expand section "6.3. Managing Software RAID" Collapse section "6.3. Managing Software RAID"
    
    6.3.1. Reviewing RAID Configuration
    
    6.3.2. Creating a New RAID Device
    
    6.3.3. Replacing a Faulty Device
    
    6.3.4. Extending a RAID Device
    
    6.3.5. Removing a RAID Device
    
    6.3.6. Preserving the Configuration
  4. 6.4. Additional Resources
    
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    6.4.1. Installed Documentation
7. 7. Swap Space
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  1. 7.1. What is Swap Space?
  2. 7.2. Adding Swap Space
    
    Expand section "7.2. Adding Swap Space" Collapse section "7.2. Adding Swap Space"
    
    7.2.1. Extending Swap on an LVM2 Logical Volume
    
    7.2.2. Creating an LVM2 Logical Volume for Swap
    
    7.2.3. Creating a Swap File
  3. 7.3. Removing Swap Space
    
    Expand section "7.3. Removing Swap Space" Collapse section "7.3. Removing Swap Space"
    
    7.3.1. Reducing Swap on an LVM2 Logical Volume
    
    7.3.2. Removing an LVM2 Logical Volume for Swap
    
    7.3.3. Removing a Swap File
  4. 7.4. Moving Swap Space
8. 8. Managing Disk Storage
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  1. 8.1. Standard Partitions using parted
    
    Expand section "8.1. Standard Partitions using parted" Collapse section "8.1. Standard Partitions using parted"
    
    8.1.1. Viewing the Partition Table
    
    8.1.2. Creating a Partition
    
    Expand section "8.1.2. Creating a Partition" Collapse section "8.1.2. Creating a Partition"
    
    8.1.2.1. Making the Partition
    
    8.1.2.2. Formatting the Partition
    
    8.1.2.3. Labeling the Partition
    
    8.1.2.4. Creating the Mount Point
    
    8.1.2.5. Add to /etc/fstab
    
    8.1.3. Removing a Partition
    
    8.1.4. Resizing a Partition
  2. 8.2. LVM Partition Management
9. 9. Implementing Disk Quotas
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  1. 9.1. Configuring Disk Quotas
    
    Expand section "9.1. Configuring Disk Quotas" Collapse section "9.1. Configuring Disk Quotas"
    
    9.1.1. Enabling Quotas
    
    9.1.2. Remounting the File Systems
    
    9.1.3. Creating the Quota Database Files
    
    9.1.4. Assigning Quotas per User
    
    9.1.5. Assigning Quotas per Group
    
    9.1.6. Setting the Grace Period for Soft Limits
  2. 9.2. Managing Disk Quotas
    
    Expand section "9.2. Managing Disk Quotas" Collapse section "9.2. Managing Disk Quotas"
    
    9.2.1. Enabling and Disabling
    
    9.2.2. Reporting on Disk Quotas
    
    9.2.3. Keeping Quotas Accurate
  3. 9.3. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "9.3. Additional Resources" Collapse section "9.3. Additional Resources"
    
    9.3.1. Installed Documentation
    
    9.3.2. Related Books
10. 10. Access Control Lists
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  1. 10.1. Mounting File Systems
    
    Expand section "10.1. Mounting File Systems" Collapse section "10.1. Mounting File Systems"
    
    10.1.1. NFS
  2. 10.2. Setting Access ACLs
  3. 10.3. Setting Default ACLs
  4. 10.4. Retrieving ACLs
  5. 10.5. Archiving File Systems With ACLs
  6. 10.6. Compatibility with Older Systems
  7. 10.7. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "10.7. Additional Resources" Collapse section "10.7. Additional Resources"
    
    10.7.1. Installed Documentation
    
    10.7.2. Useful Websites
11. 11. LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
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  1. 11.1. What is LVM?
    
    Expand section "11.1. What is LVM?" Collapse section "11.1. What is LVM?"
    
    11.1.1. What is LVM2?
  2. 11.2. LVM Configuration
  3. 11.3. Automatic Partitioning
  4. 11.4. Manual LVM Partitioning
    
    Expand section "11.4. Manual LVM Partitioning" Collapse section "11.4. Manual LVM Partitioning"
    
    11.4.1. Creating the /boot Partition
    
    11.4.2. Creating the LVM Physical Volumes
    
    11.4.3. Creating the LVM Volume Groups
    
    11.4.4. Creating the LVM Logical Volumes
  5. 11.5. Using the LVM utility system-config-lvm
    
    Expand section "11.5. Using the LVM utility system-config-lvm" Collapse section "11.5. Using the LVM utility system-config-lvm"
    
    11.5.1. Utilizing uninitialized entities
    
    11.5.2. Adding Unallocated Volumes to a volume group
    
    11.5.3. Migrating extents
    
    11.5.4. Adding a new hard disk using LVM
    
    11.5.5. Adding a new volume group
    
    11.5.6. Extending a volume group
    
    11.5.7. Editing a Logical Volume
  6. 11.6. Additional Resources
    
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    11.6.1. Installed Documentation
    
    11.6.2. Useful Websites
II. Package Management
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1. 12. Package Management with RPM
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  1. 12.1. RPM Design Goals
  2. 12.2. Using RPM
    
    Expand section "12.2. Using RPM" Collapse section "12.2. Using RPM"
    
    12.2.1. Finding RPM Packages
    
    12.2.2. Installing
    
    Expand section "12.2.2. Installing" Collapse section "12.2.2. Installing"
    
    12.2.2.1. Package Already Installed
    
    12.2.2.2. Conflicting Files
    
    12.2.2.3. Unresolved Dependency
    
    12.2.3. Uninstalling
    
    12.2.4. Upgrading
    
    12.2.5. Freshening
    
    12.2.6. Querying
    
    12.2.7. Verifying
  3. 12.3. Checking a Package's Signature
    
    Expand section "12.3. Checking a Package's Signature" Collapse section "12.3. Checking a Package's Signature"
    
    12.3.1. Importing Keys
    
    12.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages
  4. 12.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage
  5. 12.5. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "12.5. Additional Resources" Collapse section "12.5. Additional Resources"
    
    12.5.1. Installed Documentation
    
    12.5.2. Useful Websites
    
    12.5.3. Related Books
2. 13. Package Management Tool
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  1. 13.1. Listing and Analyzing Packages
  2. 13.2. Installing and Removing Packages
3. 14. YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
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  1. 14.1. Setting Up a Yum Repository
  2. 14.2. yum Commands
  3. 14.3. yum Options
  4. 14.4. Configuring yum
    
    Expand section "14.4. Configuring yum " Collapse section "14.4. Configuring yum "
    
    14.4.1. [main] Options
    
    14.4.2. [repository] Options
  5. 14.5. Upgrading the System Off-line with ISO and Yum
  6. 14.6. Useful yum Variables
4. 15. Registering a System and Managing Subscriptions
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  1. 15.1. Using Red Hat Subscription Manager Tools
    
    Expand section "15.1. Using Red Hat Subscription Manager Tools" Collapse section "15.1. Using Red Hat Subscription Manager Tools"
    
    15.1.1. Launching the Red Hat Subscription Manager GUI
    
    15.1.2. Running the subscription-manager Command-Line Tool
  2. 15.2. Registering and Unregistering a System
    
    Expand section "15.2. Registering and Unregistering a System" Collapse section "15.2. Registering and Unregistering a System"
    
    15.2.1. Registering from the GUI
    
    15.2.2. Registering from the Command Line
    
    15.2.3. Unregistering
  3. 15.3. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions
    
    Expand section "15.3. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions" Collapse section "15.3. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions"
    
    15.3.1. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the GUI
    
    Expand section "15.3.1. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the GUI" Collapse section "15.3.1. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the GUI"
    
    15.3.1.1. Attaching a Subscription
    
    15.3.1.2. Removing Subscriptions
    
    15.3.2. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the Command Line
    
    Expand section "15.3.2. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the Command Line" Collapse section "15.3.2. Attaching and Removing Subscriptions through the Command Line"
    
    15.3.2.1. Attaching Subscriptions
    
    15.3.2.2. Removing Subscriptions from the Command Line
  4. 15.4. Redeeming Vendor Subscriptions
    
    Expand section "15.4. Redeeming Vendor Subscriptions" Collapse section "15.4. Redeeming Vendor Subscriptions"
    
    15.4.1. Redeeming Subscriptions through the GUI
    
    15.4.2. Redeeming Subscriptions through the Command Line
  5. 15.5. Attaching Subscriptions from a Subscription Asset Manager Activation Key
  6. 15.6. Setting Preferences for Systems
    
    Expand section "15.6. Setting Preferences for Systems" Collapse section "15.6. Setting Preferences for Systems"
    
    15.6.1. Setting Preferences in the UI
    
    15.6.2. Setting Service Levels Through the Command Line
    
    15.6.3. Setting a Preferred Operating System Release Version in the Command Line
    
    15.6.4. Removing a Preference
  7. 15.7. Managing Subscription Expiration and Notifications
III. Network-Related Configuration
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1. 16. Network Interfaces
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  1. 16.1. Network Configuration Files
  2. 16.2. Interface Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "16.2. Interface Configuration Files" Collapse section "16.2. Interface Configuration Files"
    
    16.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces
    
    16.2.2. IPsec Interfaces
    
    16.2.3. Channel Bonding Interfaces
    
    16.2.4. Alias and Clone Files
    
    16.2.5. Dialup Interfaces
    
    16.2.6. Other Interfaces
  3. 16.3. Interface Control Scripts
  4. 16.4. Static Routes and the Default Gateway
  5. 16.5. Configuring Static Routes in ifcfg files
    
    Expand section "16.5. Configuring Static Routes in ifcfg files" Collapse section "16.5. Configuring Static Routes in ifcfg files"
    
    16.5.1. Static Routes Using the IP Command Arguments Format
    
    16.5.2. Network/Netmask Directives Format
  6. 16.6. Network Function Files
  7. 16.7. Additional Resources
    
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    16.7.1. Installed Documentation
2. 17. Network Configuration
  Expand section "17. Network Configuration" Collapse section "17. Network Configuration"
3. 18. Controlling Access to Services
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  1. 18.1. Runlevels
  2. 18.2. TCP Wrappers
    
    Expand section "18.2. TCP Wrappers" Collapse section "18.2. TCP Wrappers"
    
    18.2.1. xinetd
  3. 18.3. Services Configuration Tool
  4. 18.4. ntsysv
  5. 18.5. chkconfig
  6. 18.6. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "18.6. Additional Resources" Collapse section "18.6. Additional Resources"
    
    18.6.1. Installed Documentation
    
    18.6.2. Useful Websites
4. 19. Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
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  1. 19.1. Introduction to DNS
    
    Expand section "19.1. Introduction to DNS" Collapse section "19.1. Introduction to DNS"
    
    19.1.1. Nameserver Zones
    
    19.1.2. Nameserver Types
    
    19.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver
  2. 19.2. /etc/named.conf
    
    Expand section "19.2. /etc/named.conf " Collapse section "19.2. /etc/named.conf "
    
    19.2.1. Common Statement Types
    
    Expand section "19.2.1. Common Statement Types" Collapse section "19.2.1. Common Statement Types"
    
    19.2.1.1. acl Statement
    
    19.2.1.2. include Statement
    
    19.2.1.3. options Statement
    
    19.2.1.4. zone Statement
    
    19.2.1.5. Sample zone Statements
    
    19.2.2. Other Statement Types
    
    19.2.3. Comment Tags
  3. 19.3. Zone Files
    
    Expand section "19.3. Zone Files" Collapse section "19.3. Zone Files"
    
    19.3.1. Zone File Directives
    
    19.3.2. Zone File Resource Records
    
    19.3.3. Example Zone File
    
    19.3.4. Reverse Name Resolution Zone Files
  4. 19.4. Using rndc
    
    Expand section "19.4. Using rndc " Collapse section "19.4. Using rndc "
    
    19.4.1. Configuring /etc/named.conf
    
    Expand section "19.4.1. Configuring /etc/named.conf " Collapse section "19.4.1. Configuring /etc/named.conf "
    
    19.4.1.1. Firewall Blocking Communication
    
    19.4.2. Configuring /etc/rndc.conf
    
    19.4.3. Command Line Options
  5. 19.5. Advanced Features of BIND
    
    Expand section "19.5. Advanced Features of BIND" Collapse section "19.5. Advanced Features of BIND"
    
    19.5.1. DNS Protocol Enhancements
    
    19.5.2. Multiple Views
    
    19.5.3. Security
    
    19.5.4. IP version 6
  6. 19.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid
  7. 19.7. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "19.7. Additional Resources" Collapse section "19.7. Additional Resources"
    
    19.7.1. Installed Documentation
    
    19.7.2. Useful Websites
    
    19.7.3. Related Books
5. 20. OpenSSH
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  1. 20.1. Features of SSH
    
    Expand section "20.1. Features of SSH" Collapse section "20.1. Features of SSH"
    
    20.1.1. Why Use SSH?
  2. 20.2. SSH Protocol Versions
  3. 20.3. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection
    
    Expand section "20.3. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection" Collapse section "20.3. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection"
    
    20.3.1. Transport Layer
    
    20.3.2. Authentication
    
    20.3.3. Channels
  4. 20.4. Configuring an OpenSSH Server
    
    Expand section "20.4. Configuring an OpenSSH Server" Collapse section "20.4. Configuring an OpenSSH Server"
    
    20.4.1. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections
  5. 20.5. OpenSSH Configuration Files
  6. 20.6. Configuring an OpenSSH Client
    
    Expand section "20.6. Configuring an OpenSSH Client" Collapse section "20.6. Configuring an OpenSSH Client"
    
    20.6.1. Using the ssh Command
    
    20.6.2. Using the scp Command
    
    20.6.3. Using the sftp Command
  7. 20.7. More Than a Secure Shell
    
    Expand section "20.7. More Than a Secure Shell" Collapse section "20.7. More Than a Secure Shell"
    
    20.7.1. X11 Forwarding
    
    20.7.2. Port Forwarding
    
    20.7.3. Generating Key Pairs
    
    Expand section "20.7.3. Generating Key Pairs" Collapse section "20.7.3. Generating Key Pairs"
    
    20.7.3.1. Generating an RSA Key Pair for Version 2
    
    20.7.3.2. Generating a DSA Key Pair for Version 2
    
    20.7.3.3. Generating an RSA Key Pair for Version 1.3 and 1.5
    
    20.7.3.4. Configuring ssh-agent with a GUI
    
    20.7.3.5. Configuring ssh-agent
  8. 20.8. Additional Resources
    
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    20.8.1. Installed Documentation
    
    20.8.2. Useful Websites
6. 21. Network File System (NFS)
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  1. 21.1. How It Works
    
    Expand section "21.1. How It Works" Collapse section "21.1. How It Works"
    
    21.1.1. Required Services
  2. 21.2. NFS Client Configuration
    
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    21.2.1. Mounting NFS File Systems using /etc/fstab
  3. 21.3. autofs
    
    Expand section "21.3. autofs" Collapse section "21.3. autofs"
    
    21.3.1. What's new in autofs version 5?
    
    21.3.2. autofs Configuration
    
    21.3.3. autofs Common Tasks
    
    Expand section "21.3.3. autofs Common Tasks" Collapse section "21.3.3. autofs Common Tasks"
    
    21.3.3.1. Overriding or augmenting site configuration files
    
    21.3.3.2. Using LDAP to Store Automounter Maps
    
    21.3.3.3. Adapting Autofs v4 Maps To Autofs v5
  4. 21.4. Common NFS Mount Options
  5. 21.5. Starting and Stopping NFS
  6. 21.6. NFS Server Configuration
    
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    21.6.1. Exporting or Sharing NFS File Systems
    
    21.6.2. Command Line Configuration
    
    21.6.3. Running NFS Behind a Firewall
    
    21.6.4. Hostname Formats
  7. 21.7. The /etc/exports Configuration File
    
    Expand section "21.7. The /etc/exports Configuration File" Collapse section "21.7. The /etc/exports Configuration File"
    
    21.7.1. The exportfs Command
    
    Expand section "21.7.1. The exportfs Command" Collapse section "21.7.1. The exportfs Command"
    
    21.7.1.1. Using exportfs with NFSv4
  8. 21.8. Securing NFS
    
    Expand section "21.8. Securing NFS" Collapse section "21.8. Securing NFS"
    
    21.8.1. Host Access
    
    Expand section "21.8.1. Host Access" Collapse section "21.8.1. Host Access"
    
    21.8.1.1. Using NFSv2 or NFSv3
    
    21.8.1.2. Using NFSv4
    
    21.8.2. File Permissions
  9. 21.9. NFS and portmap
    
    Expand section "21.9. NFS and portmap" Collapse section "21.9. NFS and portmap"
    
    21.9.1. Troubleshooting NFS and portmap
  10. 21.10. Using NFS over TCP
  11. 21.11. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "21.11. Additional Resources" Collapse section "21.11. Additional Resources"
    
    21.11.1. Installed Documentation
    
    21.11.2. Useful Websites
    
    21.11.3. Related Books
7. 22. Samba
  Expand section "22. Samba" Collapse section "22. Samba"
  1. 22.1. Introduction to Samba
    
    Expand section "22.1. Introduction to Samba" Collapse section "22.1. Introduction to Samba"
    
    22.1.1. Samba Features
  2. 22.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services
    
    Expand section "22.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services" Collapse section "22.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services"
    
    22.2.1. Samba Daemons
  3. 22.3. Connecting to a Samba Share
    
    Expand section "22.3. Connecting to a Samba Share" Collapse section "22.3. Connecting to a Samba Share"
    
    22.3.1. Command Line
    
    22.3.2. Mounting the Share
  4. 22.4. Configuring a Samba Server
    
    Expand section "22.4. Configuring a Samba Server" Collapse section "22.4. Configuring a Samba Server"
    
    22.4.1. Graphical Configuration
    
    Expand section "22.4.1. Graphical Configuration" Collapse section "22.4.1. Graphical Configuration"
    
    22.4.1.1. Configuring Server Settings
    
    22.4.1.2. Managing Samba Users
    
    22.4.1.3. Adding a Share
    
    22.4.2. Command Line Configuration
    
    22.4.3. Encrypted Passwords
  5. 22.5. Starting and Stopping Samba
  6. 22.6. Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File
    
    Expand section "22.6. Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File" Collapse section "22.6. Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File"
    
    22.6.1. Stand-alone Server
    
    Expand section "22.6.1. Stand-alone Server" Collapse section "22.6.1. Stand-alone Server"
    
    22.6.1.1. Anonymous Read-Only
    
    22.6.1.2. Anonymous Read/Write
    
    22.6.1.3. Anonymous Print Server
    
    22.6.1.4. Secure Read/Write File and Print Server
    
    22.6.2. Domain Member Server
    
    Expand section "22.6.2. Domain Member Server" Collapse section "22.6.2. Domain Member Server"
    
    22.6.2.1. Active Directory Domain Member Server
    
    22.6.2.2. Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server
    
    22.6.3. Domain Controller
    
    Expand section "22.6.3. Domain Controller" Collapse section "22.6.3. Domain Controller"
    
    22.6.3.1. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam
    
    22.6.3.2. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory
  7. 22.7. Samba Security Modes
    
    Expand section "22.7. Samba Security Modes" Collapse section "22.7. Samba Security Modes"
    
    22.7.1. User-Level Security
    
    Expand section "22.7.1. User-Level Security" Collapse section "22.7.1. User-Level Security"
    
    22.7.1.1. Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)
    
    22.7.1.2. Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)
    
    22.7.1.3. Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)
    
    22.7.2. Share-Level Security
  8. 22.8. Samba Account Information Databases
  9. 22.9. Samba Network Browsing
    
    Expand section "22.9. Samba Network Browsing" Collapse section "22.9. Samba Network Browsing"
    
    22.9.1. Domain Browsing
    
    22.9.2. WINS (Windows Internetworking Name Server)
  10. 22.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support
    
    Expand section "22.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support" Collapse section "22.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support"
    
    22.10.1. Simple smb.conf Settings
  11. 22.11. Samba Distribution Programs
  12. 22.12. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "22.12. Additional Resources" Collapse section "22.12. Additional Resources"
    
    22.12.1. Installed Documentation
    
    22.12.2. Related Books
    
    22.12.3. Useful Websites
8. 23. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
  Expand section "23. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)" Collapse section "23. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)"
  1. 23.1. Why Use DHCP?
  2. 23.2. Configuring a DHCP Server
    
    Expand section "23.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" Collapse section "23.2. Configuring a DHCP Server"
    
    23.2.1. Configuration File
    
    23.2.2. Lease Database
    
    23.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server
    
    23.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent
  3. 23.3. Configuring a DHCP Client
  4. 23.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server
    
    Expand section "23.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server" Collapse section "23.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server"
    
    23.4.1. Host Configuration
  5. 23.5. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "23.5. Additional Resources" Collapse section "23.5. Additional Resources"
    
    23.5.1. Installed Documentation
9. 24. Migrating from MySQL 5.0 to MySQL 5.5
  Expand section "24. Migrating from MySQL 5.0 to MySQL 5.5" Collapse section "24. Migrating from MySQL 5.0 to MySQL 5.5"
  1. 24.1. Upgrading from MySQL 5.0 to MySQL 5.5
10. 25. Apache HTTP Server
  Expand section "25. Apache HTTP Server" Collapse section "25. Apache HTTP Server"
  1. 25.1. Apache HTTP Server 2.2
    
    Expand section "25.1. Apache HTTP Server 2.2" Collapse section "25.1. Apache HTTP Server 2.2"
    
    25.1.1. Features of Apache HTTP Server 2.2
  2. 25.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "25.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server Configuration Files" Collapse section "25.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server Configuration Files"
    
    25.2.1. Migrating Apache HTTP Server 2.0 Configuration Files
    
    25.2.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server 1.3 Configuration Files to 2.0
    
    Expand section "25.2.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server 1.3 Configuration Files to 2.0" Collapse section "25.2.2. Migrating Apache HTTP Server 1.3 Configuration Files to 2.0"
    
    25.2.2.1. Global Environment Configuration
    
    Expand section "25.2.2.1. Global Environment Configuration" Collapse section "25.2.2.1. Global Environment Configuration"
    
    25.2.2.1.1. Interface and Port Binding
    
    25.2.2.1.2. Server-Pool Size Regulation
    
    25.2.2.1.3. Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
    
    25.2.2.1.4. Other Global Environment Changes
    
    25.2.2.2. Main Server Configuration
    
    Expand section "25.2.2.2. Main Server Configuration" Collapse section "25.2.2.2. Main Server Configuration"
    
    25.2.2.2.1. UserDir Mapping
    
    25.2.2.2.2. Logging
    
    25.2.2.2.3. Directory Indexing
    
    25.2.2.2.4. Content Negotiation
    
    25.2.2.2.5. Error Documents
    
    25.2.2.3. Virtual Host Configuration
    
    25.2.2.4. Modules and Apache HTTP Server 2.0
    
    Expand section "25.2.2.4. Modules and Apache HTTP Server 2.0" Collapse section "25.2.2.4. Modules and Apache HTTP Server 2.0"
    
    25.2.2.4.1. The suexec Module
    
    25.2.2.4.2. The mod_ssl Module
    
    25.2.2.4.3. The mod_proxy Module
    
    25.2.2.4.4. The mod_include Module
    
    25.2.2.4.5. The mod_auth_dbm and mod_auth_db Modules
    
    25.2.2.4.6. The mod_perl Module
    
    25.2.2.4.7. The mod_python Module
    
    25.2.2.4.8. PHP
    
    25.2.2.4.9. The mod_authz_ldap Module
  3. 25.3. Starting and Stopping httpd
  4. 25.4. Apache HTTP Server Configuration
    
    Expand section "25.4. Apache HTTP Server Configuration" Collapse section "25.4. Apache HTTP Server Configuration"
    
    25.4.1. Basic Settings
    
    25.4.2. Default Settings
    
    Expand section "25.4.2. Default Settings" Collapse section "25.4.2. Default Settings"
    
    25.4.2.1. Site Configuration
    
    25.4.2.2. SSL Support
    
    25.4.2.3. Logging
    
    25.4.2.4. Environment Variables
    
    25.4.2.5. Directories
  5. 25.5. Configuration Directives in httpd.conf
    
    Expand section "25.5. Configuration Directives in httpd.conf" Collapse section "25.5. Configuration Directives in httpd.conf"
    
    25.5.1. General Configuration Tips
    
    25.5.2. Configuration Directives for SSL
    
    25.5.3. MPM Specific Server-Pool Directives
  6. 25.6. Adding Modules
  7. 25.7. Virtual Hosts
    
    Expand section "25.7. Virtual Hosts" Collapse section "25.7. Virtual Hosts"
    
    25.7.1. Setting Up Virtual Hosts
  8. 25.8. Apache HTTP Secure Server Configuration
    
    Expand section "25.8. Apache HTTP Secure Server Configuration" Collapse section "25.8. Apache HTTP Secure Server Configuration"
    
    25.8.1. An Overview of Security-Related Packages
    
    25.8.2. An Overview of Certificates and Security
    
    25.8.3. Using Pre-Existing Keys and Certificates
    
    25.8.4. Types of Certificates
    
    25.8.5. Generating a Key
    
    25.8.6. How to configure the server to use the new key
  9. 25.9. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "25.9. Additional Resources" Collapse section "25.9. Additional Resources"
    
    25.9.1. Useful Websites
11. 26. FTP
  Expand section "26. FTP" Collapse section "26. FTP"
  1. 26.1. The File Transfer Protocol
    
    Expand section "26.1. The File Transfer Protocol" Collapse section "26.1. The File Transfer Protocol"
    
    26.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes
  2. 26.2. FTP Servers
    
    Expand section "26.2. FTP Servers" Collapse section "26.2. FTP Servers"
    
    26.2.1. vsftpd
    
    26.2.2. Files Installed with vsftpd
    
    26.2.3. Starting and Stopping vsftpd
    
    Expand section "26.2.3. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" Collapse section "26.2.3. Starting and Stopping vsftpd"
    
    26.2.3.1. Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd
    
    26.2.4. Encrypting vsftpd Connections Using TLS
    
    26.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options
    
    Expand section "26.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" Collapse section "26.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options"
    
    26.2.5.1. Daemon Options
    
    26.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls
    
    26.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options
    
    26.2.5.4. Local User Options
    
    26.2.5.5. Directory Options
    
    26.2.5.6. File Transfer Options
    
    26.2.5.7. Logging Options
    
    26.2.5.8. Network Options
    
    26.2.6. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "26.2.6. Additional Resources" Collapse section "26.2.6. Additional Resources"
    
    26.2.6.1. Installed Documentation
    
    26.2.6.2. Useful Websites
12. 27. Email
  Expand section "27. Email" Collapse section "27. Email"
  1. 27.1. Email Protocols
    
    Expand section "27.1. Email Protocols" Collapse section "27.1. Email Protocols"
    
    27.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols
    
    Expand section "27.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols" Collapse section "27.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols"
    
    27.1.1.1. SMTP
    
    27.1.2. Mail Access Protocols
    
    Expand section "27.1.2. Mail Access Protocols" Collapse section "27.1.2. Mail Access Protocols"
    
    27.1.2.1. POP
    
    27.1.2.2. IMAP
    
    27.1.2.3. Dovecot
  2. 27.2. Email Program Classifications
    
    Expand section "27.2. Email Program Classifications" Collapse section "27.2. Email Program Classifications"
    
    27.2.1. Mail Transport Agent
    
    27.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent
    
    27.2.3. Mail User Agent
  3. 27.3. Mail Transport Agents
    
    Expand section "27.3. Mail Transport Agents" Collapse section "27.3. Mail Transport Agents"
    
    27.3.1. Sendmail
    
    Expand section "27.3.1. Sendmail" Collapse section "27.3.1. Sendmail"
    
    27.3.1.1. Purpose and Limitations
    
    27.3.1.2. The Default Sendmail Installation
    
    27.3.1.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes
    
    27.3.1.4. Masquerading
    
    27.3.1.5. Stopping Spam
    
    27.3.1.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP
    
    27.3.2. Postfix
    
    Expand section "27.3.2. Postfix" Collapse section "27.3.2. Postfix"
    
    27.3.2.1. The Default Postfix Installation
    
    27.3.2.2. Basic Postfix Configuration
    
    27.3.3. Fetchmail
    
    Expand section "27.3.3. Fetchmail" Collapse section "27.3.3. Fetchmail"
    
    27.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options
    
    27.3.3.2. Global Options
    
    27.3.3.3. Server Options
    
    27.3.3.4. User Options
    
    27.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options
    
    27.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options
    
    27.3.3.7. Special Options
  4. 27.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration
  5. 27.5. Mail Delivery Agents
    
    Expand section "27.5. Mail Delivery Agents" Collapse section "27.5. Mail Delivery Agents"
    
    27.5.1. Procmail Configuration
    
    27.5.2. Procmail Recipes
    
    Expand section "27.5.2. Procmail Recipes" Collapse section "27.5.2. Procmail Recipes"
    
    27.5.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes
    
    27.5.2.2. Flags
    
    27.5.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile
    
    27.5.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions
    
    27.5.2.5. Recipe Examples
    
    27.5.2.6. Spam Filters
  6. 27.6. Mail User Agents
    
    Expand section "27.6. Mail User Agents" Collapse section "27.6. Mail User Agents"
    
    27.6.1. Securing Communication
    
    Expand section "27.6.1. Securing Communication" Collapse section "27.6.1. Securing Communication"
    
    27.6.1.1. Secure Email Clients
    
    27.6.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications
  7. 27.7. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "27.7. Additional Resources" Collapse section "27.7. Additional Resources"
    
    27.7.1. Installed Documentation
    
    27.7.2. Useful Websites
    
    27.7.3. Related Books
13. 28. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
  Expand section "28. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)" Collapse section "28. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)"
  1. 28.1. Why Use LDAP?
    
    Expand section "28.1. Why Use LDAP?" Collapse section "28.1. Why Use LDAP?"
    
    28.1.1. OpenLDAP Features
  2. 28.2. LDAP Terminology
  3. 28.3. OpenLDAP Daemons and Utilities
    
    Expand section "28.3. OpenLDAP Daemons and Utilities" Collapse section "28.3. OpenLDAP Daemons and Utilities"
    
    28.3.1. NSS, PAM, and LDAP
    
    28.3.2. PHP4, LDAP, and the Apache HTTP Server
    
    28.3.3. LDAP Client Applications
  4. 28.4. OpenLDAP Configuration Files
  5. 28.5. The /etc/openldap/schema/ Directory
  6. 28.6. OpenLDAP Setup Overview
    
    Expand section "28.6. OpenLDAP Setup Overview" Collapse section "28.6. OpenLDAP Setup Overview"
    
    28.6.1. Editing /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
  7. 28.7. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP
    
    Expand section "28.7. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP" Collapse section "28.7. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP"
    
    28.7.1. PAM and LDAP
    
    28.7.2. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format
  8. 28.8. Migrating Directories from Earlier Releases
  9. 28.9. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "28.9. Additional Resources" Collapse section "28.9. Additional Resources"
    
    28.9.1. Installed Documentation
    
    28.9.2. Useful Websites
    
    28.9.3. Related Books
14. 29. Authentication Configuration
  Expand section "29. Authentication Configuration" Collapse section "29. Authentication Configuration"
15. 30. Using and Caching Credentials with SSSD
  Expand section "30. Using and Caching Credentials with SSSD" Collapse section "30. Using and Caching Credentials with SSSD"
  1. 30.1. About the sssd.conf File
  2. 30.2. Starting and Stopping SSSD
  3. 30.3. Configuring SSSD to Work with System Services
    
    Expand section "30.3. Configuring SSSD to Work with System Services" Collapse section "30.3. Configuring SSSD to Work with System Services"
    
    30.3.1. Configuring NSS Services
    
    Expand section "30.3.1. Configuring NSS Services" Collapse section "30.3.1. Configuring NSS Services"
    
    30.3.1.1. About NSS Service Maps and SSSD
    
    30.3.1.2. Configuring NSS Services to Use SSSD
    
    30.3.1.3. Configuring SSSD to Work with NSS
    
    30.3.2. Configuring the PAM Service
  4. 30.4. Creating Domains
    
    Expand section "30.4. Creating Domains" Collapse section "30.4. Creating Domains"
    
    30.4.1. General Rules and Options for Configuring a Domain
    
    30.4.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain
    
    Expand section "30.4.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain" Collapse section "30.4.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain"
    
    30.4.2.1. Parameters for Configuring an LDAP Domain
    
    30.4.2.2. LDAP Domain Example
    
    30.4.2.3. Active Directory Domain Example
    
    30.4.2.4. Using IP Addresses in Certificate Subject Names
    
    30.4.3. Configuring Kerberos Authentication with a Domain
    
    30.4.4. Configuring a Proxy Domain
  5. 30.5. Configuring Access Control for SSSD Domains
    
    Expand section "30.5. Configuring Access Control for SSSD Domains" Collapse section "30.5. Configuring Access Control for SSSD Domains"
    
    30.5.1. Using the Simple Access Provider
    
    30.5.2. Using the LDAP Access Filter
  6. 30.6. Configuring Domain Failover
    
    Expand section "30.6. Configuring Domain Failover" Collapse section "30.6. Configuring Domain Failover"
    
    30.6.1. Configuring Failover
    
    30.6.2. Using SRV Records with Failover
  7. 30.7. Deleting Domain Cache Files
  8. 30.8. Using NSCD with SSSD
  9. 30.9. Troubleshooting SSSD
    
    Expand section "30.9. Troubleshooting SSSD" Collapse section "30.9. Troubleshooting SSSD"
    
    30.9.1. Checking SSSD Log Files
    
    30.9.2. Problems with SSSD Configuration
IV. System Configuration
Expand section "IV. System Configuration" Collapse section "IV. System Configuration"
1. 31. Console Access
  Expand section "31. Console Access" Collapse section "31. Console Access"
2. 32. The sysconfig Directory
  Expand section "32. The sysconfig Directory" Collapse section "32. The sysconfig Directory"
  1. 32.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory
    
    Expand section "32.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory" Collapse section "32.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory"
    
    32.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/amd
    
    32.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/apmd
    
    32.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch
    
    32.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
    
    32.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/autofs
    
    32.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/clock
    
    32.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/desktop
    
    32.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
    
    32.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/exim
    
    32.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot
    
    32.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/gpm
    
    32.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/hwconf
    
    32.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/i18n
    
    32.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/init
    
    32.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
    
    32.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
    
    32.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/irda
    
    32.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/kernel
    
    Expand section "32.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/kernel" Collapse section "32.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/kernel"
    
    32.1.18.1. Keeping an old kernel version as the default
    
    32.1.18.2. Setting a kernel debugger as the default kernel
    
    32.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
    
    32.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/kudzu
    
    32.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/named
    
    32.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/network
    
    32.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/nfs
    
    32.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
    
    32.1.25. /etc/sysconfig/radvd
    
    32.1.26. /etc/sysconfig/samba
    
    32.1.27. /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    
    32.1.28. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail
    
    32.1.29. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin
    
    32.1.30. /etc/sysconfig/squid
    
    32.1.31. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-securitylevel
    
    32.1.32. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-selinux
    
    32.1.33. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users
    
    32.1.34. /etc/sysconfig/system-logviewer
    
    32.1.35. /etc/sysconfig/tux
    
    32.1.36. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers
    
    32.1.37. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd
  2. 32.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory
  3. 32.3. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "32.3. Additional Resources" Collapse section "32.3. Additional Resources"
    
    32.3.1. Installed Documentation
3. 33. Date and Time Configuration
  Expand section "33. Date and Time Configuration" Collapse section "33. Date and Time Configuration"
4. 34. Keyboard Configuration
5. 35. The X Window System
  Expand section "35. The X Window System" Collapse section "35. The X Window System"
  1. 35.1. The X11R7.1 Release
  2. 35.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers
    
    Expand section "35.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers" Collapse section "35.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers"
    
    35.2.1. Desktop Environments
    
    35.2.2. Window Managers
  3. 35.3. X Server Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "35.3. X Server Configuration Files" Collapse section "35.3. X Server Configuration Files"
    
    35.3.1. xorg.conf
    
    Expand section "35.3.1. xorg.conf" Collapse section "35.3.1. xorg.conf"
    
    35.3.1.1. The Structure
    
    35.3.1.2. ServerFlags
    
    35.3.1.3. ServerLayout
    
    35.3.1.4. Files
    
    35.3.1.5. Module
    
    35.3.1.6. InputDevice
    
    35.3.1.7. Monitor
    
    35.3.1.8. Device
    
    35.3.1.9. Screen
    
    35.3.1.10. DRI
  4. 35.4. Fonts
    
    Expand section "35.4. Fonts" Collapse section "35.4. Fonts"
    
    35.4.1. Fontconfig
    
    Expand section "35.4.1. Fontconfig" Collapse section "35.4.1. Fontconfig"
    
    35.4.1.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig
    
    35.4.2. Core X Font System
    
    Expand section "35.4.2. Core X Font System" Collapse section "35.4.2. Core X Font System"
    
    35.4.2.1. xfs Configuration
    
    35.4.2.2. Adding Fonts to xfs
  5. 35.5. Runlevels and X
    
    Expand section "35.5. Runlevels and X" Collapse section "35.5. Runlevels and X"
    
    35.5.1. Runlevel 3
    
    35.5.2. Runlevel 5
  6. 35.6. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "35.6. Additional Resources" Collapse section "35.6. Additional Resources"
    
    35.6.1. Installed Documentation
    
    35.6.2. Useful Websites
6. 36. X Window System Configuration
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7. 37. Users and Groups
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  1. 37.1. User and Group Configuration
    
    Expand section "37.1. User and Group Configuration" Collapse section "37.1. User and Group Configuration"
    
    37.1.1. Adding a New User
    
    37.1.2. Modifying User Properties
    
    37.1.3. Adding a New Group
    
    37.1.4. Modifying Group Properties
  2. 37.2. User and Group Management Tools
    
    Expand section "37.2. User and Group Management Tools" Collapse section "37.2. User and Group Management Tools"
    
    37.2.1. Command Line Configuration
    
    37.2.2. Adding a User
    
    37.2.3. Adding a Group
    
    37.2.4. Password Aging
    
    37.2.5. Explaining the Process
  3. 37.3. Standard Users
  4. 37.4. Standard Groups
  5. 37.5. User Private Groups
    
    Expand section "37.5. User Private Groups" Collapse section "37.5. User Private Groups"
    
    37.5.1. Group Directories
  6. 37.6. Shadow Passwords
  7. 37.7. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "37.7. Additional Resources" Collapse section "37.7. Additional Resources"
    
    37.7.1. Installed Documentation
8. 38. Printer Configuration
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  1. 38.1. Adding a Local Printer
  2. 38.2. Adding an IPP Printer
  3. 38.3. Adding a Samba (SMB) Printer
  4. 38.4. Adding a JetDirect Printer
  5. 38.5. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing
    
    Expand section "38.5. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" Collapse section "38.5. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing"
    
    38.5.1. Confirming Printer Configuration
  6. 38.6. Printing a Test Page
  7. 38.7. Modifying Existing Printers
    
    Expand section "38.7. Modifying Existing Printers" Collapse section "38.7. Modifying Existing Printers"
    
    38.7.1. The Settings Tab
    
    38.7.2. The Policies Tab
    
    38.7.3. The Access Control Tab
    
    38.7.4. The Printer and Job OptionsTab
  8. 38.8. Managing Print Jobs
  9. 38.9. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "38.9. Additional Resources" Collapse section "38.9. Additional Resources"
    
    38.9.1. Installed Documentation
    
    38.9.2. Useful Websites
9. 39. Automated Tasks
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  1. 39.1. Cron
    
    Expand section "39.1. Cron" Collapse section "39.1. Cron"
    
    39.1.1. Configuring Cron Jobs
    
    39.1.2. Controlling Access to Cron
    
    39.1.3. Starting and Stopping the Service
  2. 39.2. At and Batch
    
    Expand section "39.2. At and Batch" Collapse section "39.2. At and Batch"
    
    39.2.1. Configuring At Jobs
    
    39.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs
    
    39.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs
    
    39.2.4. Additional Command Line Options
    
    39.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch
    
    39.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service
  3. 39.3. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "39.3. Additional Resources" Collapse section "39.3. Additional Resources"
    
    39.3.1. Installed Documentation
10. 40. Log Files
  Expand section "40. Log Files" Collapse section "40. Log Files"
V. System Monitoring
Expand section "V. System Monitoring" Collapse section "V. System Monitoring"
1. 41. SystemTap
  Expand section "41. SystemTap" Collapse section "41. SystemTap"
  1. 41.1. Introduction
  2. 41.2. Implementation
  3. 41.3. Using SystemTap
    
    Expand section "41.3. Using SystemTap" Collapse section "41.3. Using SystemTap"
    
    41.3.1. Tracing
    
    Expand section "41.3.1. Tracing " Collapse section "41.3.1. Tracing "
    
    41.3.1.1. Where to Probe
    
    41.3.1.2. What to Print
2. 42. Gathering System Information
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  1. 42.1. System Processes
  2. 42.2. Memory Usage
  3. 42.3. File Systems
  4. 42.4. Hardware
  5. 42.5. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "42.5. Additional Resources" Collapse section "42.5. Additional Resources"
    
    42.5.1. Installed Documentation
3. 43. OProfile
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  1. 43.1. Overview of Tools
  2. 43.2. Configuring OProfile
    
    Expand section "43.2. Configuring OProfile" Collapse section "43.2. Configuring OProfile"
    
    43.2.1. Specifying the Kernel
    
    43.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor
    
    Expand section "43.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" Collapse section "43.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor"
    
    43.2.2.1. Sampling Rate
    
    43.2.2.2. Unit Masks
    
    43.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles
  3. 43.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile
  4. 43.4. Saving Data
  5. 43.5. Analyzing the Data
    
    Expand section "43.5. Analyzing the Data" Collapse section "43.5. Analyzing the Data"
    
    43.5.1. Using opreport
    
    43.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable
    
    43.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules
    
    43.5.4. Using opannotate
  6. 43.6. Understanding /dev/oprofile/
  7. 43.7. Example Usage
  8. 43.8. Graphical Interface
  9. 43.9. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "43.9. Additional Resources" Collapse section "43.9. Additional Resources"
    
    43.9.1. Installed Docs
    
    43.9.2. Useful Websites
VI. Kernel and Driver Configuration
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1. 44. Manually Upgrading the Kernel
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  1. 44.1. Overview of Kernel Packages
  2. 44.2. Preparing to Upgrade
  3. 44.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel
  4. 44.4. Performing the Upgrade
  5. 44.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image
  6. 44.6. Verifying the Boot Loader
    
    Expand section "44.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" Collapse section "44.6. Verifying the Boot Loader"
    
    44.6.1. x86 Systems
    
    Expand section "44.6.1. x86 Systems" Collapse section "44.6.1. x86 Systems"
    
    44.6.1.1. GRUB
    
    44.6.2. Itanium Systems
    
    44.6.3. IBM S/390 and IBM System z Systems
    
    44.6.4. IBM eServer iSeries Systems
    
    44.6.5. IBM eServer pSeries Systems
2. 45. General Parameters and Modules
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  1. 45.1. Kernel Module Utilities
  2. 45.2. Persistent Module Loading
  3. 45.3. Specifying Module Parameters
  4. 45.4. Storage parameters
  5. 45.5. Ethernet Parameters
    
    Expand section "45.5. Ethernet Parameters" Collapse section "45.5. Ethernet Parameters"
    
    45.5.1. The Channel Bonding Module
    
    Expand section "45.5.1. The Channel Bonding Module" Collapse section "45.5.1. The Channel Bonding Module"
    
    45.5.1.1. bonding Module Directives
  6. 45.6. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "45.6. Additional Resources" Collapse section "45.6. Additional Resources"
    
    45.6.1. Installed Documentation
    
    45.6.2. Useful Websites
3. 46. The kdump Crash Recovery Service
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  1. 46.1. Installing the kdump Service
  2. 46.2. Configuring the kdump Service
    
    Expand section "46.2. Configuring the kdump Service" Collapse section "46.2. Configuring the kdump Service"
    
    46.2.1. Configuring kdump at First Boot
    
    Expand section "46.2.1. Configuring kdump at First Boot" Collapse section "46.2.1. Configuring kdump at First Boot"
    
    46.2.1.1. Enabling the Service
    
    46.2.1.2. Configuring the Memory Usage
    
    46.2.2. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility
    
    Expand section "46.2.2. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility" Collapse section "46.2.2. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility"
    
    46.2.2.1. Enabling the Service
    
    46.2.2.2. Configuring the Memory Usage
    
    46.2.2.3. Configuring the Target Type
    
    46.2.2.4. Configuring the Core Collector
    
    46.2.2.5. Changing the Default Action
    
    46.2.3. Configuring kdump on the Command Line
    
    Expand section "46.2.3. Configuring kdump on the Command Line" Collapse section "46.2.3. Configuring kdump on the Command Line"
    
    46.2.3.1. Configuring the Memory Usage
    
    46.2.3.2. Configuring the Target Type
    
    46.2.3.3. Configuring the Core Collector
    
    46.2.3.4. Changing the Default Action
    
    46.2.3.5. Enabling the Service
    
    46.2.4. Testing the Configuration
  3. 46.3. Analyzing the Core Dump
    
    Expand section "46.3. Analyzing the Core Dump" Collapse section "46.3. Analyzing the Core Dump"
    
    46.3.1. Displaying the Message Buffer
    
    46.3.2. Displaying a Backtrace
    
    46.3.3. Displaying a Process Status
    
    46.3.4. Displaying Virtual Memory Information
    
    46.3.5. Displaying Open Files
  4. 46.4. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "46.4. Additional Resources" Collapse section "46.4. Additional Resources"
    
    46.4.1. Installed Documentation
    
    46.4.2. Useful Websites
VII. Security And Authentication
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1. 47. Security Overview
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  1. 47.1. Introduction to Security
    
    Expand section "47.1. Introduction to Security" Collapse section "47.1. Introduction to Security"
    
    47.1.1. What is Computer Security?
    
    Expand section "47.1.1. What is Computer Security?" Collapse section "47.1.1. What is Computer Security?"
    
    47.1.1.1. How did Computer Security Come about?
    
    47.1.1.2. Security Today
    
    47.1.1.3. Standardizing Security
    
    47.1.2. Security Controls
    
    Expand section "47.1.2. Security Controls" Collapse section "47.1.2. Security Controls"
    
    47.1.2.1. Physical Controls
    
    47.1.2.2. Technical Controls
    
    47.1.2.3. Administrative Controls
    
    47.1.3. Conclusion
  2. 47.2. Vulnerability Assessment
    
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    47.2.1. Thinking Like the Enemy
    
    47.2.2. Defining Assessment and Testing
    
    Expand section "47.2.2. Defining Assessment and Testing" Collapse section "47.2.2. Defining Assessment and Testing"
    
    47.2.2.1. Establishing a Methodology
    
    47.2.3. Evaluating the Tools
    
    Expand section "47.2.3. Evaluating the Tools" Collapse section "47.2.3. Evaluating the Tools"
    
    47.2.3.1. Scanning Hosts with Nmap
    
    Expand section "47.2.3.1. Scanning Hosts with Nmap" Collapse section "47.2.3.1. Scanning Hosts with Nmap"
    
    47.2.3.1.1. Using Nmap
    
    47.2.3.2. Nessus
    
    47.2.3.3. Nikto
    
    47.2.3.4. VLAD the Scanner
    
    47.2.3.5. Anticipating Your Future Needs
  3. 47.3. Attackers and Vulnerabilities
    
    Expand section "47.3. Attackers and Vulnerabilities" Collapse section "47.3. Attackers and Vulnerabilities"
    
    47.3.1. A Quick History of Hackers
    
    Expand section "47.3.1. A Quick History of Hackers" Collapse section "47.3.1. A Quick History of Hackers"
    
    47.3.1.1. Shades of Gray
    
    47.3.2. Threats to Network Security
    
    Expand section "47.3.2. Threats to Network Security" Collapse section "47.3.2. Threats to Network Security"
    
    47.3.2.1. Insecure Architectures
    
    Expand section "47.3.2.1. Insecure Architectures" Collapse section "47.3.2.1. Insecure Architectures"
    
    47.3.2.1.1. Broadcast Networks
    
    47.3.2.1.2. Centralized Servers
    
    47.3.3. Threats to Server Security
    
    Expand section "47.3.3. Threats to Server Security" Collapse section "47.3.3. Threats to Server Security"
    
    47.3.3.1. Unused Services and Open Ports
    
    47.3.3.2. Unpatched Services
    
    47.3.3.3. Inattentive Administration
    
    47.3.3.4. Inherently Insecure Services
    
    47.3.4. Threats to Workstation and Home PC Security
    
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    47.3.4.1. Bad Passwords
    
    47.3.4.2. Vulnerable Client Applications
  4. 47.4. Common Exploits and Attacks
  5. 47.5. Security Updates
    
    Expand section "47.5. Security Updates" Collapse section "47.5. Security Updates"
    
    47.5.1. Updating Packages
    
    Expand section "47.5.1. Updating Packages" Collapse section "47.5.1. Updating Packages"
    
    47.5.1.1. Using Automatic Updates with RHN Classic
    
    47.5.1.2. Using the Red Hat Errata Website
    
    47.5.1.3. Verifying Signed Packages
    
    47.5.1.4. Installing Signed Packages
    
    47.5.1.5. Applying the Changes
2. 48. Securing Your Network
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  1. 48.1. Workstation Security
    
    Expand section "48.1. Workstation Security" Collapse section "48.1. Workstation Security"
    
    48.1.1. Evaluating Workstation Security
    
    48.1.2. BIOS and Boot Loader Security
    
    Expand section "48.1.2. BIOS and Boot Loader Security" Collapse section "48.1.2. BIOS and Boot Loader Security"
    
    48.1.2.1. BIOS Passwords
    
    Expand section "48.1.2.1. BIOS Passwords" Collapse section "48.1.2.1. BIOS Passwords"
    
    48.1.2.1.1. Securing Non-x86 Platforms
    
    48.1.2.2. Boot Loader Passwords
    
    Expand section "48.1.2.2. Boot Loader Passwords" Collapse section "48.1.2.2. Boot Loader Passwords"
    
    48.1.2.2.1. Password Protecting GRUB
    
    48.1.3. Password Security
    
    Expand section "48.1.3. Password Security" Collapse section "48.1.3. Password Security"
    
    48.1.3.1. Creating Strong Passwords
    
    Expand section "48.1.3.1. Creating Strong Passwords" Collapse section "48.1.3.1. Creating Strong Passwords"
    
    48.1.3.1.1. Secure Password Creation Methodology
    
    48.1.3.2. Creating User Passwords Within an Organization
    
    Expand section "48.1.3.2. Creating User Passwords Within an Organization" Collapse section "48.1.3.2. Creating User Passwords Within an Organization"
    
    48.1.3.2.1. Forcing Strong Passwords
    
    48.1.3.2.2. Password Aging
    
    48.1.4. Administrative Controls
    
    Expand section "48.1.4. Administrative Controls" Collapse section "48.1.4. Administrative Controls"
    
    48.1.4.1. Allowing Root Access
    
    48.1.4.2. Disallowing Root Access
    
    48.1.4.3. Limiting Root Access
    
    Expand section "48.1.4.3. Limiting Root Access" Collapse section "48.1.4.3. Limiting Root Access"
    
    48.1.4.3.1. The su Command
    
    48.1.4.3.2. The sudo Command
    
    48.1.5. Available Network Services
    
    Expand section "48.1.5. Available Network Services" Collapse section "48.1.5. Available Network Services"
    
    48.1.5.1. Risks To Services
    
    48.1.5.2. Identifying and Configuring Services
    
    48.1.5.3. Insecure Services
    
    48.1.6. Personal Firewalls
    
    48.1.7. Security Enhanced Communication Tools
  2. 48.2. Server Security
    
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    48.2.1. Securing Services With TCP Wrappers and xinetd
    
    Expand section "48.2.1. Securing Services With TCP Wrappers and xinetd" Collapse section "48.2.1. Securing Services With TCP Wrappers and xinetd"
    
    48.2.1.1. Enhancing Security With TCP Wrappers
    
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    48.2.1.1.1. TCP Wrappers and Connection Banners
    
    48.2.1.1.2. TCP Wrappers and Attack Warnings
    
    48.2.1.1.3. TCP Wrappers and Enhanced Logging
    
    48.2.1.2. Enhancing Security With xinetd
    
    Expand section "48.2.1.2. Enhancing Security With xinetd" Collapse section "48.2.1.2. Enhancing Security With xinetd"
    
    48.2.1.2.1. Setting a Trap
    
    48.2.1.2.2. Controlling Server Resources
    
    48.2.2. Securing Portmap
    
    Expand section "48.2.2. Securing Portmap" Collapse section "48.2.2. Securing Portmap"
    
    48.2.2.1. Protect portmap With TCP Wrappers
    
    48.2.2.2. Protect portmap With iptables
    
    48.2.3. Securing NIS
    
    Expand section "48.2.3. Securing NIS" Collapse section "48.2.3. Securing NIS"
    
    48.2.3.1. Carefully Plan the Network
    
    48.2.3.2. Use a Password-like NIS Domain Name and Hostname
    
    48.2.3.3. Edit the /var/yp/securenets File
    
    48.2.3.4. Assign Static Ports and Use iptables Rules
    
    48.2.3.5. Use Kerberos Authentication
    
    48.2.4. Securing NFS
    
    Expand section "48.2.4. Securing NFS" Collapse section "48.2.4. Securing NFS"
    
    48.2.4.1. Carefully Plan the Network
    
    48.2.4.2. Beware of Syntax Errors
    
    48.2.4.3. Do Not Use the no_root_squash Option
    
    48.2.5. Securing the Apache HTTP Server
    
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    48.2.5.1. FollowSymLinks
    
    48.2.5.2. The Indexes Directive
    
    48.2.5.3. The UserDir Directive
    
    48.2.5.4. Do Not Remove the IncludesNoExec Directive
    
    48.2.5.5. Restrict Permissions for Executable Directories
    
    48.2.6. Securing FTP
    
    Expand section "48.2.6. Securing FTP" Collapse section "48.2.6. Securing FTP"
    
    48.2.6.1. FTP Greeting Banner
    
    48.2.6.2. Anonymous Access
    
    Expand section "48.2.6.2. Anonymous Access" Collapse section "48.2.6.2. Anonymous Access"
    
    48.2.6.2.1. Anonymous Upload
    
    48.2.6.3. User Accounts
    
    Expand section "48.2.6.3. User Accounts" Collapse section "48.2.6.3. User Accounts"
    
    48.2.6.3.1. Restricting User Accounts
    
    48.2.6.4. Use TCP Wrappers To Control Access
    
    48.2.7. Securing Sendmail
    
    Expand section "48.2.7. Securing Sendmail" Collapse section "48.2.7. Securing Sendmail"
    
    48.2.7.1. Limiting a Denial of Service Attack
    
    48.2.7.2. NFS and Sendmail
    
    48.2.7.3. Mail-only Users
    
    48.2.8. Verifying Which Ports Are Listening
  3. 48.3. Single Sign-on (SSO)
    
    Expand section "48.3. Single Sign-on (SSO)" Collapse section "48.3. Single Sign-on (SSO)"
    
    48.3.1. Introduction
    
    Expand section "48.3.1. Introduction" Collapse section "48.3.1. Introduction"
    
    48.3.1.1. Supported Applications
    
    48.3.1.2. Supported Authentication Mechanisms
    
    48.3.1.3. Supported Smart Cards
    
    48.3.1.4. Advantages of Red Hat Enterprise Linux Single Sign-on
    
    48.3.2. Getting Started with your new Smart Card
    
    Expand section "48.3.2. Getting Started with your new Smart Card" Collapse section "48.3.2. Getting Started with your new Smart Card"
    
    48.3.2.1. Troubleshooting
    
    48.3.3. How Smart Card Enrollment Works
    
    48.3.4. How Smart Card Login Works
    
    48.3.5. Configuring Firefox to use Kerberos for SSO
    
    Expand section "48.3.5. Configuring Firefox to use Kerberos for SSO" Collapse section "48.3.5. Configuring Firefox to use Kerberos for SSO"
    
    48.3.5.1. Troubleshooting
  4. 48.4. Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
    
    Expand section "48.4. Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)" Collapse section "48.4. Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)"
    
    48.4.1. Advantages of PAM
    
    48.4.2. PAM Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "48.4.2. PAM Configuration Files" Collapse section "48.4.2. PAM Configuration Files"
    
    48.4.2.1. PAM Service Files
    
    48.4.3. PAM Configuration File Format
    
    Expand section "48.4.3. PAM Configuration File Format" Collapse section "48.4.3. PAM Configuration File Format"
    
    48.4.3.1. Module Interface
    
    Expand section "48.4.3.1. Module Interface" Collapse section "48.4.3.1. Module Interface"
    
    48.4.3.1.1. Stacking Module Interfaces
    
    48.4.3.2. Control Flag
    
    48.4.3.3. Module Name
    
    48.4.3.4. Module Arguments
    
    48.4.4. Sample PAM Configuration Files
    
    48.4.5. Creating PAM Modules
    
    48.4.6. PAM and Administrative Credential Caching
    
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    48.4.6.1. Removing the Timestamp File
    
    48.4.6.2. Common pam_timestamp Directives
    
    48.4.7. PAM and Device Ownership
    
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    48.4.7.1. Device Ownership
    
    48.4.7.2. Application Access
    
    48.4.8. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "48.4.8. Additional Resources" Collapse section "48.4.8. Additional Resources"
    
    48.4.8.1. Installed Documentation
    
    48.4.8.2. Useful Websites
  5. 48.5. TCP Wrappers and xinetd
    
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    48.5.1. TCP Wrappers
    
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    48.5.1.1. Advantages of TCP Wrappers
    
    48.5.2. TCP Wrappers Configuration Files
    
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    48.5.2.1. Formatting Access Rules
    
    Expand section "48.5.2.1. Formatting Access Rules" Collapse section "48.5.2.1. Formatting Access Rules"
    
    48.5.2.1.1. Wildcards
    
    48.5.2.1.2. Patterns
    
    48.5.2.1.3. Portmap and TCP Wrappers
    
    48.5.2.1.4. Operators
    
    48.5.2.2. Option Fields
    
    Expand section "48.5.2.2. Option Fields" Collapse section "48.5.2.2. Option Fields"
    
    48.5.2.2.1. Logging
    
    48.5.2.2.2. Access Control
    
    48.5.2.2.3. Shell Commands
    
    48.5.2.2.4. Expansions
    
    48.5.3. xinetd
    
    48.5.4. xinetd Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "48.5.4. xinetd Configuration Files" Collapse section "48.5.4. xinetd Configuration Files"
    
    48.5.4.1. The /etc/xinetd.conf File
    
    48.5.4.2. The /etc/xinetd.d/ Directory
    
    48.5.4.3. Altering xinetd Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "48.5.4.3. Altering xinetd Configuration Files" Collapse section "48.5.4.3. Altering xinetd Configuration Files"
    
    48.5.4.3.1. Logging Options
    
    48.5.4.3.2. Access Control Options
    
    48.5.4.3.3. Binding and Redirection Options
    
    48.5.4.3.4. Resource Management Options
    
    48.5.5. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "48.5.5. Additional Resources" Collapse section "48.5.5. Additional Resources"
    
    48.5.5.1. Installed Documentation
    
    48.5.5.2. Useful Websites
    
    48.5.5.3. Related Books
  6. 48.6. Kerberos
    
    Expand section "48.6. Kerberos" Collapse section "48.6. Kerberos"
    
    48.6.1. What is Kerberos?
    
    Expand section "48.6.1. What is Kerberos?" Collapse section "48.6.1. What is Kerberos?"
    
    48.6.1.1. Advantages of Kerberos
    
    48.6.1.2. Disadvantages of Kerberos
    
    48.6.2. Kerberos Terminology
    
    48.6.3. How Kerberos Works
    
    48.6.4. Kerberos and PAM
    
    48.6.5. Configuring a Kerberos 5 Server
    
    48.6.6. Configuring a Kerberos 5 Client
    
    48.6.7. Domain-to-Realm Mapping
    
    48.6.8. Setting Up Secondary KDCs
    
    48.6.9. Setting Up Cross Realm Authentication
    
    48.6.10. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "48.6.10. Additional Resources" Collapse section "48.6.10. Additional Resources"
    
    48.6.10.1. Installed Documentation
    
    48.6.10.2. Useful Websites
  7. 48.7. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
    
    Expand section "48.7. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)" Collapse section "48.7. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)"
    
    48.7.1. How Does a VPN Work?
    
    48.7.2. VPNs and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
    
    48.7.3. IPsec
    
    48.7.4. Creating an IPsec Connection
    
    48.7.5. IPsec Installation
    
    48.7.6. IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration
    
    Expand section "48.7.6. IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration" Collapse section "48.7.6. IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration"
    
    48.7.6.1. Host-to-Host Connection
    
    48.7.6.2. Manual IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration
    
    Expand section "48.7.6.2. Manual IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration" Collapse section "48.7.6.2. Manual IPsec Host-to-Host Configuration"
    
    48.7.6.2.1. The Racoon Configuration File
    
    48.7.7. IPsec Network-to-Network Configuration
    
    Expand section "48.7.7. IPsec Network-to-Network Configuration" Collapse section "48.7.7. IPsec Network-to-Network Configuration"
    
    48.7.7.1. Network-to-Network (VPN) Connection
    
    48.7.7.2. Manual IPsec Network-to-Network Configuration
    
    48.7.8. Starting and Stopping an IPsec Connection
  8. 48.8. Firewalls
    
    Expand section "48.8. Firewalls" Collapse section "48.8. Firewalls"
    
    48.8.1. Netfilter and IPTables
    
    Expand section "48.8.1. Netfilter and IPTables" Collapse section "48.8.1. Netfilter and IPTables"
    
    48.8.1.1. IPTables Overview
    
    48.8.2. Basic Firewall Configuration
    
    Expand section "48.8.2. Basic Firewall Configuration" Collapse section "48.8.2. Basic Firewall Configuration"
    
    48.8.2.1. Security Level Configuration Tool
    
    48.8.2.2. Enabling and Disabling the Firewall
    
    48.8.2.3. Trusted Services
    
    48.8.2.4. Other Ports
    
    48.8.2.5. Saving the Settings
    
    48.8.2.6. Activating the IPTables Service
    
    48.8.3. Using IPTables
    
    Expand section "48.8.3. Using IPTables" Collapse section "48.8.3. Using IPTables"
    
    48.8.3.1. IPTables Command Syntax
    
    48.8.3.2. Basic Firewall Policies
    
    48.8.3.3. Saving and Restoring IPTables Rules
    
    48.8.4. Common IPTables Filtering
    
    48.8.5. FORWARD and NAT Rules
    
    Expand section "48.8.5. FORWARD and NAT Rules" Collapse section "48.8.5. FORWARD and NAT Rules"
    
    48.8.5.1. Postrouting and IP Masquerading
    
    48.8.5.2. Prerouting
    
    48.8.5.3. DMZs and IPTables
    
    48.8.6. Malicious Software and Spoofed IP Addresses
    
    48.8.7. IPTables and Connection Tracking
    
    48.8.8. IPv6
    
    48.8.9. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "48.8.9. Additional Resources" Collapse section "48.8.9. Additional Resources"
    
    48.8.9.1. Installed Documentation
    
    48.8.9.2. Useful Websites
    
    48.8.9.3. Related Documentation
  9. 48.9. IPTables
    
    Expand section "48.9. IPTables" Collapse section "48.9. IPTables"
    
    48.9.1. Packet Filtering
    
    48.9.2. Differences Between IPTables and IPChains
    
    48.9.3. Command Options for IPTables
    
    Expand section "48.9.3. Command Options for IPTables" Collapse section "48.9.3. Command Options for IPTables"
    
    48.9.3.1. Structure of IPTables Command Options
    
    48.9.3.2. Command Options
    
    48.9.3.3. IPTables Parameter Options
    
    48.9.3.4. IPTables Match Options
    
    Expand section "48.9.3.4. IPTables Match Options" Collapse section "48.9.3.4. IPTables Match Options"
    
    48.9.3.4.1. TCP Protocol
    
    48.9.3.4.2. UDP Protocol
    
    48.9.3.4.3. ICMP Protocol
    
    48.9.3.4.4. Additional Match Option Modules
    
    48.9.3.5. Target Options
    
    48.9.3.6. Listing Options
    
    48.9.4. Saving IPTables Rules
    
    48.9.5. IPTables Control Scripts
    
    Expand section "48.9.5. IPTables Control Scripts" Collapse section "48.9.5. IPTables Control Scripts"
    
    48.9.5.1. IPTables Control Scripts Configuration File
    
    48.9.6. IPTables and IPv6
    
    48.9.7. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "48.9.7. Additional Resources" Collapse section "48.9.7. Additional Resources"
    
    48.9.7.1. Installed Documentation
    
    48.9.7.2. Useful Websites
3. 49. Security and SELinux
  Expand section "49. Security and SELinux" Collapse section "49. Security and SELinux"
  1. 49.1. Access Control Mechanisms (ACMs)
    
    Expand section "49.1. Access Control Mechanisms (ACMs)" Collapse section "49.1. Access Control Mechanisms (ACMs)"
    
    49.1.1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
    
    49.1.2. Access Control Lists (ACLs)
    
    49.1.3. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
    
    49.1.4. Role-based Access Control (RBAC)
    
    49.1.5. Multi-Level Security (MLS)
    
    49.1.6. Multi-Category Security (MCS)
  2. 49.2. Introduction to SELinux
    
    Expand section "49.2. Introduction to SELinux" Collapse section "49.2. Introduction to SELinux"
    
    49.2.1. SELinux Overview
    
    49.2.2. Files Related to SELinux
    
    Expand section "49.2.2. Files Related to SELinux" Collapse section "49.2.2. Files Related to SELinux"
    
    49.2.2.1. The SELinux Pseudo-File System
    
    49.2.2.2. SELinux Configuration Files
    
    Expand section "49.2.2.2. SELinux Configuration Files" Collapse section "49.2.2.2. SELinux Configuration Files"
    
    49.2.2.2.1. The /etc/sysconfig/selinux Configuration File
    
    49.2.2.2.2. The /etc/selinux/ Directory
    
    49.2.2.3. SELinux Utilities
    
    49.2.3. Additional Resources
    
    Expand section "49.2.3. Additional Resources" Collapse section "49.2.3. Additional Resources"
    
    49.2.3.1. Installed Documentation
    
    49.2.3.2. Useful Websites
  3. 49.3. Brief Background and History of SELinux
  4. 49.4. Multi-Category Security (MCS)
    
    Expand section "49.4. Multi-Category Security (MCS)" Collapse section "49.4. Multi-Category Security (MCS)"
    
    49.4.1. Introduction
    
    Expand section "49.4.1. Introduction" Collapse section "49.4.1. Introduction"
    
    49.4.1.1. What is Multi-Category Security?
    
    49.4.2. Applications for Multi-Category Security
    
    49.4.3. SELinux Security Contexts
  5. 49.5. Getting Started with Multi-Category Security (MCS)
    
    Expand section "49.5. Getting Started with Multi-Category Security (MCS)" Collapse section "49.5. Getting Started with Multi-Category Security (MCS)"
    
    49.5.1. Introduction
    
    49.5.2. Comparing SELinux and Standard Linux User Identities
    
    49.5.3. Configuring Categories
    
    49.5.4. Assigning Categories to Users
    
    49.5.5. Assigning Categories to Files
  6. 49.6. Multi-Level Security (MLS)
    
    Expand section "49.6. Multi-Level Security (MLS)" Collapse section "49.6. Multi-Level Security (MLS)"
    
    49.6.1. Why Multi-Level?
    
    Expand section "49.6.1. Why Multi-Level?" Collapse section "49.6.1. Why Multi-Level?"
    
    49.6.1.1. The Bell-La Padula Model (BLP)
    
    49.6.1.2. MLS and System Privileges
    
    49.6.2. Security Levels, Objects and Subjects
    
    49.6.3. MLS Policy
    
    49.6.4. Enabling MLS in SELinux
    
    49.6.5. LSPP Certification
  7. 49.7. SELinux Policy Overview
    
    Expand section "49.7. SELinux Policy Overview" Collapse section "49.7. SELinux Policy Overview"
    
    49.7.1. What is the SELinux Policy?
    
    Expand section "49.7.1. What is the SELinux Policy?" Collapse section "49.7.1. What is the SELinux Policy?"
    
    49.7.1.1. SELinux Types
    
    Expand section "49.7.1.1. SELinux Types" Collapse section "49.7.1.1. SELinux Types"
    
    49.7.1.1.1. Using Policy Rules to Define Type Access
    
    49.7.1.2. SELinux and Mandatory Access Control
    
    49.7.2. Where is the Policy?
    
    Expand section "49.7.2. Where is the Policy?" Collapse section "49.7.2. Where is the Policy?"
    
    49.7.2.1. Binary Tree Files
    
    49.7.2.2. Source Tree Files
    
    49.7.3. The Role of Policy in the Boot Process
    
    49.7.4. Object Classes and Permissions
  8. 49.8. Targeted Policy Overview
    
    Expand section "49.8. Targeted Policy Overview" Collapse section "49.8. Targeted Policy Overview"
    
    49.8.1. What is the Targeted Policy?
    
    49.8.2. Files and Directories of the Targeted Policy
    
    49.8.3. Understanding the Users and Roles in the Targeted Policy
4. 50. Working With SELinux
  Expand section "50. Working With SELinux" Collapse section "50. Working With SELinux"
  1. 50.1. End User Control of SELinux
    
    Expand section "50.1. End User Control of SELinux" Collapse section "50.1. End User Control of SELinux"
    
    50.1.1. Moving and Copying Files
    
    50.1.2. Checking the Security Context of a Process, User, or File Object
    
    50.1.3. Relabeling a File or Directory
    
    50.1.4. Creating Archives That Retain Security Contexts
  2. 50.2. Administrator Control of SELinux
    
    Expand section "50.2. Administrator Control of SELinux" Collapse section "50.2. Administrator Control of SELinux"
    
    50.2.1. Viewing the Status of SELinux
    
    50.2.2. Relabeling a File System
    
    50.2.3. Managing NFS Home Directories
    
    50.2.4. Granting Access to a Directory or a Tree
    
    50.2.5. Backing Up and Restoring the System
    
    50.2.6. Enabling or Disabling Enforcement
    
    50.2.7. Enable or Disable SELinux
    
    50.2.8. Changing the Policy
    
    50.2.9. Specifying the Security Context of Entire File Systems
    
    50.2.10. Changing the Security Category of a File or User
    
    50.2.11. Running a Command in a Specific Security Context
    
    50.2.12. Useful Commands for Scripts
    
    50.2.13. Changing to a Different Role
    
    50.2.14. When to Reboot
  3. 50.3. Analyst Control of SELinux
    
    Expand section "50.3. Analyst Control of SELinux" Collapse section "50.3. Analyst Control of SELinux"
    
    50.3.1. Enabling Kernel Auditing
    
    50.3.2. Dumping and Viewing Logs
5. 51. Customizing SELinux Policy
  Expand section "51. Customizing SELinux Policy" Collapse section "51. Customizing SELinux Policy"
  1. 51.1. Introduction
    
    Expand section "51.1. Introduction" Collapse section "51.1. Introduction"
    
    51.1.1. Modular Policy
    
    Expand section "51.1.1. Modular Policy" Collapse section "51.1.1. Modular Policy"
    
    51.1.1.1. Listing Policy Modules
  2. 51.2. Building a Local Policy Module
    
    Expand section "51.2. Building a Local Policy Module" Collapse section "51.2. Building a Local Policy Module"
    
    51.2.1. Using audit2allow to Build a Local Policy Module
    
    51.2.2. Analyzing the Type Enforcement (TE) File
    
    51.2.3. Loading the Policy Package
6. 52. References
VIII. Red Hat Training And Certification
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1. 53. Red Hat Training and Certification
  Expand section "53. Red Hat Training and Certification " Collapse section "53. Red Hat Training and Certification "
  1. 53.1. Three Ways to Train
  2. 53.2. Microsoft Certified Professional Resource Center
2. 54. Certification Tracks
  Expand section "54. Certification Tracks" Collapse section "54. Certification Tracks"
  1. 54.1. Free Pre-assessment tests
3. 55. RH033: Red Hat Linux Essentials
  Expand section "55. RH033: Red Hat Linux Essentials" Collapse section "55. RH033: Red Hat Linux Essentials"
  1. 55.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "55.1. Course Description" Collapse section "55.1. Course Description"
    
    55.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    55.1.2. Goal
    
    55.1.3. Audience
    
    55.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    55.1.5. Follow-on Courses
4. 56. RH035: Red Hat Linux Essentials for Windows Professionals
  Expand section "56. RH035: Red Hat Linux Essentials for Windows Professionals" Collapse section "56. RH035: Red Hat Linux Essentials for Windows Professionals"
  1. 56.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "56.1. Course Description" Collapse section "56.1. Course Description"
    
    56.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    56.1.2. Goal
    
    56.1.3. Audience
    
    56.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    56.1.5. Follow-on Courses
5. 57. RH133: Red Hat Linux System Administration and Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) Certification
  Expand section "57. RH133: Red Hat Linux System Administration and Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) Certification" Collapse section "57. RH133: Red Hat Linux System Administration and Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) Certification"
  1. 57.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "57.1. Course Description" Collapse section "57.1. Course Description"
    
    57.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    57.1.2. Goal
    
    57.1.3. Audience
    
    57.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    57.1.5. Follow-on Courses
6. 58. RH202 RHCT EXAM - The fastest growing credential in all of Linux.
  Expand section "58. RH202 RHCT EXAM - The fastest growing credential in all of Linux." Collapse section "58. RH202 RHCT EXAM - The fastest growing credential in all of Linux."
  1. 58.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "58.1. Course Description" Collapse section "58.1. Course Description"
    
    58.1.1. Prerequisites
7. 59. RH253 Red Hat Linux Networking and Security Administration
  Expand section "59. RH253 Red Hat Linux Networking and Security Administration" Collapse section "59. RH253 Red Hat Linux Networking and Security Administration"
  1. 59.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "59.1. Course Description" Collapse section "59.1. Course Description"
    
    59.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    59.1.2. Goal
    
    59.1.3. Audience
    
    59.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    59.1.5. Follow-on Courses
8. 60. RH300: RHCE Rapid track course (and RHCE exam)
  Expand section "60. RH300: RHCE Rapid track course (and RHCE exam)" Collapse section "60. RH300: RHCE Rapid track course (and RHCE exam)"
  1. 60.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "60.1. Course Description" Collapse section "60.1. Course Description"
    
    60.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    60.1.2. Goal
    
    60.1.3. Audience
    
    60.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    60.1.5. Follow-on Courses
9. 61. RH302 RHCE EXAM
  Expand section "61. RH302 RHCE EXAM" Collapse section "61. RH302 RHCE EXAM"
  1. 61.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "61.1. Course Description" Collapse section "61.1. Course Description"
    
    61.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    61.1.2. Content
10. 62. RHS333: RED HAT enterprise security: network services
  Expand section "62. RHS333: RED HAT enterprise security: network services" Collapse section "62. RHS333: RED HAT enterprise security: network services"
  1. 62.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "62.1. Course Description" Collapse section "62.1. Course Description"
    
    62.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    62.1.2. Goal
    
    62.1.3. Audience
    
    62.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    62.1.5. Follow-on Courses
11. 63. RH401: Red Hat Enterprise Deployment and systems management
  Expand section "63. RH401: Red Hat Enterprise Deployment and systems management" Collapse section "63. RH401: Red Hat Enterprise Deployment and systems management"
  1. 63.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "63.1. Course Description" Collapse section "63.1. Course Description"
    
    63.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    63.1.2. Goal
    
    63.1.3. Audience
    
    63.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    63.1.5. Follow-on Courses
12. 64. RH423: Red Hat Enterprise Directory services and authentication
  Expand section "64. RH423: Red Hat Enterprise Directory services and authentication" Collapse section "64. RH423: Red Hat Enterprise Directory services and authentication"
  1. 64.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "64.1. Course Description" Collapse section "64.1. Course Description"
    
    64.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    64.1.2. Goal
    
    64.1.3. Audience
    
    64.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    64.1.5. Follow-on Courses
13. 65. SELinux Courses
  Expand section "65. SELinux Courses" Collapse section "65. SELinux Courses"
  1. 65.1. RHS427: Introduction to SELinux and Red Hat Targeted Policy
    
    Expand section "65.1. RHS427: Introduction to SELinux and Red Hat Targeted Policy" Collapse section "65.1. RHS427: Introduction to SELinux and Red Hat Targeted Policy"
    
    65.1.1. Audience
    
    65.1.2. Course Summary
  2. 65.2. RHS429: Red Hat Enterprise SELinux Policy Administration
14. 66. RH436: Red Hat Enterprise storage management
  Expand section "66. RH436: Red Hat Enterprise storage management" Collapse section "66. RH436: Red Hat Enterprise storage management"
  1. 66.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "66.1. Course Description" Collapse section "66.1. Course Description"
    
    66.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    66.1.2. Goal
    
    66.1.3. Audience
    
    66.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    66.1.5. Follow-on Courses
15. 67. RH442: Red Hat Enterprise system monitoring and performance tuning
  Expand section "67. RH442: Red Hat Enterprise system monitoring and performance tuning" Collapse section "67. RH442: Red Hat Enterprise system monitoring and performance tuning"
  1. 67.1. Course Description
    
    Expand section "67.1. Course Description" Collapse section "67.1. Course Description"
    
    67.1.1. Prerequisites
    
    67.1.2. Goal
    
    67.1.3. Audience
    
    67.1.4. Course Objectives
    
    67.1.5. Follow-on Courses
16. 68. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Courses
  Expand section "68. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Courses" Collapse section "68. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Courses"
17. 69. JBoss Courses
  Expand section "69. JBoss Courses" Collapse section "69. JBoss Courses"
  1. 69.1. RHD161 JBoss and EJB3 for Java
    
    Expand section "69.1. RHD161 JBoss and EJB3 for Java" Collapse section "69.1. RHD161 JBoss and EJB3 for Java"
    
    69.1.1. Prerequisites
  2. 69.2. RHD163 JBoss for Web Developers
    
    Expand section "69.2. RHD163 JBoss for Web Developers " Collapse section "69.2. RHD163 JBoss for Web Developers "
    
    69.2.1. Prerequisites
  3. 69.3. RHD167: JBOSS - HIBERNATE ESSENTIALS
    
    Expand section "69.3. RHD167: JBOSS - HIBERNATE ESSENTIALS" Collapse section "69.3. RHD167: JBOSS - HIBERNATE ESSENTIALS"
    
    69.3.1. Prerequisites
    
    69.3.2. Course Summary
  4. 69.4. RHD267: JBOSS - ADVANCED HIBERNATE
    
    Expand section "69.4. RHD267: JBOSS - ADVANCED HIBERNATE" Collapse section "69.4. RHD267: JBOSS - ADVANCED HIBERNATE"
    
    69.4.1. Prerequisites
  5. 69.5. RHD261:JBOSS for advanced J2EE developers
    
    Expand section "69.5. RHD261:JBOSS for advanced J2EE developers" Collapse section "69.5. RHD261:JBOSS for advanced J2EE developers"
    
    69.5.1. Prerequisites
  6. 69.6. RH336: JBOSS for Administrators
    
    Expand section "69.6. RH336: JBOSS for Administrators" Collapse section "69.6. RH336: JBOSS for Administrators"
    
    69.6.1. Prerequisites
    
    69.6.2. Course Summary
  7. 69.7. RHD439: JBoss Clustering
    
    Expand section "69.7. RHD439: JBoss Clustering" Collapse section "69.7. RHD439: JBoss Clustering"
    
    69.7.1. Prerequisites
  8. 69.8. RHD449: JBoss jBPM
    
    Expand section "69.8. RHD449: JBoss jBPM " Collapse section "69.8. RHD449: JBoss jBPM "
    
    69.8.1. Description
    
    69.8.2. Prerequisites
  9. 69.9. RHD451 JBoss Rules
    
    Expand section "69.9. RHD451 JBoss Rules" Collapse section "69.9. RHD451 JBoss Rules"
    
    69.9.1. Prerequisites
A. Revision History
B. Colophon
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2.4.2. Useful Websites

Shared subtrees — An LWN article covering the concept of shared subtrees.
sharedsubtree.txt — Extensive documentation that is shipped with the shared subtrees patches.