Testing your Quarkus applications
Abstract
Preface
As an application developer, you can use Red Hat build of Quarkus to create microservices-based applications written in Java that run on OpenShift and serverless environments. Applications compiled to native executables have small memory footprints and fast startup times.
This guide shows you how to use Apache Maven to test the Quarkus Getting Started project in JVM mode and how to inject resources into your tests. You will expand the test that you created in Getting started with Quarkus.
You can download a Quarkus Maven project to use in this tutorial from the Quarkus quickstart archive or clone the Quarkus Quickstarts
Git repository. The exercise is located in the getting-started-testing
directory.
Prerequisites
Have OpenJDK (JDK) 11 installed and the
JAVA_HOME
environment variable specify the location of the Java SDK.- Log in the Red Hat Customer Portal to download the Red Hat build of Open JDK from the Software Downloads page.
Have Apache Maven 3.8.1 or higher installed.
- Download Maven from the Apache Maven Project website.
A completed Quarkus Getting Started project.
- To learn how to build the Quarkus Getting Started project, see Getting started with Quarkus.
-
Alternatively, you can download the Quarkus quickstart archive or clone the
Quarkus Quickstarts
Git repository. The example is in thegetting-started
directory.
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Chapter 1. Verify test dependencies
For this tutorial, you must have a completed Quarkus Getting Started project and the project pom.xml
file must include the quarkus-junit5
and rest-assured
dependencies. These dependencies will be present if you completed the Quarkus Getting Started exercise or if you downloaded the completed example.
-
The
quarkus-junit5
dependency is required for testing because it provides the@QuarkusTest
annotation that controls the testing framework. The
rest-assured
dependency is not required but you can use it as a convenient way to test HTTP endpoints.NoteQuarkus provides integration that automatically sets the correct URL, so no configuration is required.
Procedure
-
Open the Getting Started project
pom.xml
file. Verify that the following dependencies are in the file and add them if necessary:
<dependency> <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId> <artifactId>quarkus-junit5</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId> <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
Verify that your
pom.xml
file includes themaven-surefire-plugin
. Because this tutorial uses the JUnit 5 framework, the version of themaven-surefire-plugin
must be set because the default version does not support Junit 5:<plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>${surefire-plugin.version}</version> <configuration> <systemProperties> <java.util.logging.manager>org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager> </systemProperties> </configuration> </plugin>
-
Set the
java.util.logging.manager
system property to use the correct log manager for test. Verify that the
GreetingResourceTest.java
file contains the following content and add it if necessary:package org.acme.quickstart; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import java.util.UUID; import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given; import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is; @QuarkusTest public class GreetingResourceTest { @Test public void testHelloEndpoint() { given() .when().get("/hello") .then() .statusCode(200) .body(is("hello")); } @Test public void testGreetingEndpoint() { String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); given() .pathParam("name", uuid) .when().get("/hello/greeting/{name}") .then() .statusCode(200) .body(is("hello " + uuid)); } }
To run the test, enter the following command:
./mvnw clean verify
You can also run the test directly from your IDE.
This test uses HTTP to directly test the REST endpoint. When the test is triggered, the application will start before the test runs.
Chapter 2. Specifying test ports
By default, Quarkus tests run on port 8081
to avoid conflict with the running application. This allows you to run tests while the application is running in parallel. You can specify a different port for test connections in your application.properties
file. You can use separate ports to test unsecured HTTP connections and connections secured with SSL.
Procedure
Set the
quarkus.http.test-port
andquarkus.http.test-ssl-port
property in theapplication.properties
file. Replace<port>
with the number of the port that you want to use for test connections:quarkus.http.test-port=<port> quarkus.http.test-ssl-port=<port>
You can set the port number to
0
to let the your operating system assign a random port from the range of available ports on your system.NoteQuarkus provides REST Assured integration that updates the default port used by REST Assured before the tests are run, so no additional configuration is required.
Chapter 3. Setting the response timeout period for HTTP test connections
When you use REST Assured to test the REST APIs in your application, the default connection and response timeout period is set to 30 seconds. You can change the length of the timeout period for your application.
Procedure
-
Open the
application.properties
file in your application project: Set the value of the
quarkus.http.test-timeout
property to the length of the duration that you want to set for the timeout period followed by the unit of time that you want to set the duration in:application.properties
quarkus.http.test-timeout=<duration>
For example, to set the duration of the response timeout period to 10 seconds:
application.properties
quarkus.http.test-timeout=10s
Chapter 4. Injecting a URL into a test
If you want to use a different client, use the Quarkus @TestHTTPResource
annotation to directly inject the URL of the application to be tested into a field on the test class. This field can be of the type String
, URL
, or URI
. You can also provide the test path in this annotation. In this exercise, you will write a simple test that loads static resources.
Procedure
Create the
src/main/resources/META-INF/resources/index.html
file with the following content:<html> <head> <title>Testing Guide</title> </head> <body> Information about testing </body> </html>
Create the
StaticContentTest.java
file with the following content to test thatindex.html
is being served correctly:package org.acme.quickstart; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import io.quarkus.test.common.http.TestHTTPResource; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; @QuarkusTest public class StaticContentTest { @TestHTTPResource("index.html") 1 URL url; @Test public void testIndexHtml() throws Exception { try (InputStream in = url.openStream()) { String contents = readStream(in); Assertions.assertTrue(contents.contains("<title>Testing Guide</title>")); } } private static String readStream(InputStream in) throws IOException { byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int r; ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); while ((r = in.read(data)) > 0) { out.write(data, 0, r); } return new String(out.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } }
- 1
- The
@TestHTTPResource
annotation enables you to directly inject the URL of the Quarkus instance. The value of the annotation is the path component of the URL.
Chapter 5. Injection of CDI beans into tests
You can perform unit testing and test CDI beans directly. Quarkus enables you to inject CDI beans into your tests through the @Inject
annotation. In fact, tests in Quarkus are full CDI beans so you can use the complete CDI functionality.
It is not possible to use injection with native tests.
Procedure
Create the
GreetingServiceTest.java
file with the following content:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.inject.Inject; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; @QuarkusTest public class GreetingServiceTest { @Inject 1 GreetingService service; @Test public void testGreetingService() { Assertions.assertEquals("hello Quarkus", service.greeting("Quarkus")); } }
- 1
- The
GreetingService
bean will be injected into the test.
Chapter 6. Applying interceptors to tests
Quarkus tests are full CDI beans, so you can apply CDI interceptors as you would normally. For example, if you want a test method to run within the context of a transaction, you can apply the @Transactional
annotation to the method. You can also create your own test stereotypes.
Procedure
Add the
quarkus-narayana-jta
dependency to yourpom.xml
file:<dependency> <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId> <artifactId>quarkus-narayana-jta</artifactId> </dependency>
Make sure the
TransactionalQuarkusTest.java
includes the following import statements:package org.acme.quickstart; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; import javax.enterprise.inject.Stereotype; import javax.transaction.Transactional; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;
Create the
@TransactionalQuarkusTest
annotation:@QuarkusTest @Stereotype @Transactional @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.TYPE) public @interface TransactionalQuarkusTest { }
Apply this annotation to a test class where it will behave as if you applied both the
@QuarkusTest
and@Transactional
annotations:@TransactionalQuarkusTest public class TestStereotypeTestCase { @Inject UserTransaction userTransaction; @Test public void testUserTransaction() throws Exception { Assertions.assertEquals(Status.STATUS_ACTIVE, userTransaction.getStatus()); } }
This is a simple test that evaluates the greeting service directly without using HTTP.
Chapter 7. Mocking CDI beans
Quarkus allows you to mock certain CDI beans for specific tests.
You can mock an object using one of the following methods:
-
Override the bean you that you want to mock with a class in the
src/test/java
directory, and put the@Alternative
and@Priority(1)
annotations on the bean. -
Use the
io.quarkus.test.Mock
stereotype annotation. The@Mock
annotation contains the@Alternative
,@Priority(1)
and@Dependent
annotations.
The following procedure shows how to mock an external service using the @Alternative
annotation. Note, that this approach does not work with native image testing because the native image does not include the test alternatives.
Procedure
Create the
ExternalService
in thesrc/main/java
directory similar to the following example:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; @ApplicationScoped public class ExternalService { public String service() { return "external"; } }
Create a class
UsesExternalService
that usesExternalService
in thesrc/main/java
directory:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; import javax.inject.Inject; @ApplicationScoped public class UsesExternalService { @Inject ExternalService externalService; public String doSomething() { return externalService.service(); } }
Create a test in the
src/test/java
directory similar to the following example:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.inject.Inject; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; @QuarkusTest class UsesExternalServiceTest { @Inject UsesExternalService usesExternalService; @Test public void testDoSomething() { Assertions.assertEquals("external", usesExternalService.doSomething()); } }
Create the
MockExternalService
in thesrc/test/java
that uses the@Alternative
annotation:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.annotation.Priority; import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; import javax.enterprise.inject.Alternative; @Alternative @Priority(1) @ApplicationScoped public class MockExternalService extends ExternalService { 1 @Override public String service() { return "mock"; } }
- 1
- The
MockExternalService
is injected wherever theExternalService
is being used. In this example,MockExternalService
will be used inUsesExternalService
.
NoteYou can use the
@Mock
annotation instead of the@Alternative
,@Priority(1)
and@Dependent
annotations.The following example shows how to create
MockExternalService
class that uses the@Mock
annotation:import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped; import io.quarkus.test.Mock; @Mock @ApplicationScoped public class MockExternalService extends ExternalService { @Override public String service() { return "mock"; } }
Change the asserted string from
"external"
to"mock"
in the test:package org.acme.quickstart; import javax.inject.Inject; import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; @QuarkusTest class UsesExternalServiceTest { @Inject UsesExternalService usesExternalService; @Test public void testDoSomething() { Assertions.assertEquals("mock", usesExternalService.doSomething()); } }
Chapter 8. Additional resources
Revised on 2021-06-15 14:54:03 UTC