Chapter 2. Network Connections: Acceptors and Connectors

One of the most important concepts when discussing network connections in AMQ Broker is the acceptor. Acceptors define the way connections are made to the broker. Below is a typical configuration for an acceptor that might be in found inside the configuration file BROKER_INSTANCE_DIR/etc/broker.xml.

<acceptors>
   <acceptor name="example-acceptor">tcp://localhost:61617</acceptor>
</acceptors>

Note that each acceptor is grouped inside an acceptors element. There is no upper limit to the number of acceptors you can list per server.

Configuring an Acceptor

You configure an acceptor by appending key-value pairs to the query string of the URI defined for the acceptor. Use a semicolon (';') to separate multiple key-value pairs, as shown in the following example. It configures an acceptor for SSL/TLS by adding multiple key-value pairs at the end of the URI, starting with sslEnabled=true.

<acceptor name="example-acceptor">tcp://localhost:61617?sslEnabled=true;key-store-path=/path</acceptor>

For details on connector configuration parameters, see Acceptor and Connector Configuration Parameters.

Whereas acceptors define how a server accepts connections, a connector is used by clients to define how they can connect to a server.

Below is a typical connector as defined in the BROKER_INSTANCE_DIR/etc/broker.xml configuration file:

<connectors>
   <connector name="example-connector">tcp://localhost:61617</connector>
</connectors>

Note that connectors are defined inside a connectors element. There is no upper limit to the number of connectors per server.

Although connectors are used by clients, they are configured on the server just like acceptors. There are a couple of important reasons why:

Configuring a Connector

Like acceptors, connectors have their configuration attached to the query string of their URI. Below is an example of a connector that has the tcpNoDelay parameter set to false, which turns off Nagle’s algorithm for this connection.

<connector name="example-connector">tcp://localhost:61616?tcpNoDelay=false</connector>

For details on connector configuration parameters, see Acceptor and Connector Configuration Parameters.

AMQ Broker uses Netty to provide basic, unencrypted, TCP-based connectivity that can be configured to use blocking Java IO or the newer, non-blocking Java NIO. Java NIO is preferred for better scalability with many concurrent connections. However, using the old IO can sometimes give you better latency than NIO when you are less worried about supporting many thousands of concurrent connections.

If you are running connections across an untrusted network, remember that a TCP network connection is unencrypted. You may want to consider using an SSL or HTTPS configuration to encrypt messages sent over this connection if encryption is a priority. Refer to Configuring Transport Layer Security for details.

When using a TCP connection, all connections are initiated from the client side. In other words, the server does not initiate any connections to the client, which works well with firewall policies that force connections to be initiated from one direction.

For TCP connections, the host and the port of the connector’s URI defines the address used for the connection.

In the example below, an acceptor is configured as a TCP connection. A broker configured with this acceptor will accept clients making TCP connections to the IP 10.10.10.1 and port 61617.

<acceptors>
  <acceptor name="tcp-acceptor">tcp://10.10.10.1:61617</acceptor>
  ...
</acceptors>

You configure a connector to use TCP in much the same way.

<connectors>
  <connector name="tcp-connector">tcp://10.10.10.2:61617</connector>
  ...
</connectors>

The connector above would be referenced by a client, or even the broker itself, when making a TCP connection to the specified IP and port, 10.10.10.2:61617.

For details on available configuration parameters for TCP connections, see Acceptor and Connector Configuration Parameters. Most parameters can be used either with acceptors or connectors, but some only work with acceptors.

HTTP connections tunnel packets over the HTTP protocol and are useful in scenarios where firewalls allow only HTTP traffic. With single port support, AMQ Broker will automatically detect if HTTP is being used, so configuring a network connection for HTTP is the same as configuring a connection for TCP. For a full working example showing how to use HTTP, see the http-transport example, located under INSTALL_DIR/examples/features/standard/.

In the example below, the broker will accept HTTP communications from clients connecting to port 80 at the IP address 10.10.10.1. Furthermore, the broker will automatically detect that the HTTP protocol is in use and will communicate with the client accordingly.

<acceptors>
  <acceptor name="http-acceptor">tcp://10.10.10.1:80</acceptor>
  ...
</acceptors>

Configuring a connector for HTTP is again the same as for TCP.

<connectors>
  <connector name="http-connector">tcp://10.10.10.2:80</connector>
  ...
</connectors>

Using the configuration in the example above, a broker will create an outbound HTTP connection to port 80 at the IP address 10.10.10.2.

An HTTP connection uses the same configuration parameters as TCP, but it also has some of its own. For details on HTTP-related and other configuration parameters, see Acceptor and Connector Configuration Parameters.

You can also configure connections to use SSL/TLS. Refer to Configuring Transport Layer Security for details.

An In-VM connection can be used when multiple brokers are co-located in the same virtual machine, as part of a high availability solution for example. In-VM connections can also be used by local clients running in the same JVM as the server. For an in-VM connection, the authority part of the URI defines a unique server ID. In fact, no other part of the URI is needed.

<acceptors>
  <acceptor name="in-vm-acceptor">vm://0</acceptor>
  ...
</acceptors>

The example acceptor above tells the broker to accept connections from the server with an ID of 0. The other server must be running in the same virtual machine as the broker.

Configuring a connector as an in-vm connection follows the same syntax.

<connectors>
  <connector name="in-vm-connector">vm://0</connector>
  ...
</connectors>

The connector in the example above defines how clients establish an in-VM connection to the server with an ID of 0 that resides in the same virtual machine. The client can be be an application or broker.

Connectors are also used indirectly in client applications. You can configure the JMS connection factory directly on the client side without having to define a connector on the server side:

Map<String, Object> connectionParams = new HashMap<String, Object>();

connectionParams.put(org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.TransportConstants.PORT_PROP_NAME, 61617);

TransportConfiguration transportConfiguration =
    new TransportConfiguration(
    "org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.NettyConnectorFactory", connectionParams);

ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ActiveMQJMSClient.createConnectionFactoryWithoutHA(JMSFactoryType.CF, transportConfiguration);

Connection jmsConnection = connectionFactory.createConnection();