API Authentication

Red Hat 3scale API Management 2.2

Choose your authentication pattern: API keys, app identifier and keys, or OAuth 2.0.

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Abstract

This guide documents methods for api authentication with Red Hat 3scale API Management 2.2.

Chapter 1. Authentication Patterns

By the time you complete this tutorial you’ll know how to set the authentication pattern on your API and the effect this has on applications communicating with your API.

Depending on your API you may need to use different authentication patterns to issue credentials for access to your API. These can range from API keys to openAuth tokens and custom configurations. This tutorial covers how to select between the standard Authentication Patterns Available.

1.1. Authentication Patterns

3scale supports the following authentication patterns out of the box:

  • Standard API Keys: single randomized strings or hashes acting as an identifier and a secret token.
  • Application Identifier and Key pairs: immutable identifier and mutable secret key strings.
  • OAuth 2.0: OAuth 2.0 client id, client secret and access token combinations.

1.2. Extensions

3scale also offers commercially reasonable support for coupling issues credentials with IP address filtering or referrer domain filtering – see the extra section at the end of this tutorial.

1.3. Step 1: Select the Authentication mode for your service.

Once in your Administration Dashboard, navigate to the API tab and select the service you wish to work on (there may be only one service named API in which case select this). Click on the Integration Link.

Select Authentication Mode Step 1

Note that each service you operate could use a different authentication pattern, but only one pattern can be used per service.

It is not recommended you change the authentication pattern once credentials have already been registered since behavior may be unpredictable. To change authentication patterns we recommend creating a new service and migrating customers.

1.4. Step 2: Select the Auth Mode you want to use

Scroll down to the Authentication section an choose the required Authentication mode.

Select Authmode Step 2

1.5. Step 3: Ensure your API accepts the right types of Credentials

Depending on the credential type chosen, you will likely need to accept different parameters in your API calls (key fields, IDs etc.). The names of these parameters need not be the same as those used internally at 3scale, your 3scale authentication will function correctly just as long as the correct parameter names are used in calls to the 3scale backend.

1.6. Step 4: Create an application to test credentials

In order to test the credential sets are working you can create a new application to issue credentials to use the API. Navigate to the Accounts area of your dashboard, click on the account you wish to use and click the new application button.

Filling out the form and clicking save will create a new application with credentials to use the API. You can now use these credentials to make calls to your API and records will be checked against 3scale list of registered applications.

1.7. Standard Authentication Patterns

3scale supports the following authentication patterns out of the box.

1.7.1. API Key

The simplest form of credentials supported is the single API model. Here each application with permissions on the API has a single (unique) long character string something like this:

    API-key = 853a76f7c8d5f4a1ee8bf10a4e0d1f13

By default the name of the key parameter is user_key. You can use this same label or choose another such as API-key in which case you simply need to map the value over before you make the authorization calls to 3scale. The string acts as both an identifier and a secret token for use of the API. It is recommended such patterns are only used either in environments with low security requirements or with SSL security on API calls. The operations which can be carried out on the token and application are:

  • Application Suspend: this suspends the applications access to the API and in effect all calls to the API with the relevant key will be suspended
  • Application Resume: undoes the effect of an application suspend action
  • Key Regenerate: this action generates a new random string key for the application and associates it with the application. Immediately after this action is taken calls with the previous token will cease to be accepted.

The latter action can be triggered from the API Administration dashboard and (if permitted) from the API Developers User console.

1.7.2. App_ID and App_Key Pair

Whereas the API Key Pattern combines the identity of the application and the secret usage token in one token, this pattern separates the two. Each application using the API issues an immutable initial identifier known as the Application ID (App ID). The App ID is constant and may or may not be secret. In addition each application may have 1-n Application Keys (App_Keys). Each Key is associated directly with the App_ID and should be treated as secret.

    app_id = 80a4e03 app_key = a1ee8bf10a4e0d1f13853a76f7c8d5f4

In the default setting, developers are able to create up to 5 keys per application. This allow a developer to create a new key, add it to their code redeploy their application and then disable old keys – causing no application downtime as an API Key Regeneration would.

Note that statistics and rate limits are always kept at the application ID level of granularity and not per API Key. If a developer wishes to track two sets of statistics, they should create two applications rather than two keys.

It is also possible to change mode in the system and allow applications to be created without applications keys present. In this case the 3scale system will authenticate access based on the App ID only (and no key checks are made). This mode is useful for (for example) widget type scenarios or where rate limits are applied to users rather than applications. Note that in most cases you will want your API to enforce there to be at least one application key per application present (this setting can be found on the Settings menu item under usage rules).

1.7.3. openAuth Support

openAuth is a set of specifications which enable a variety of different authentication patterns for APIs. The two major versions released so far (v1 and v2) are significantly different and version 2 includes a number of different supported authentication flows.

1.7.4. More Information

If you have authentication needs which are not covered by this how to, let us know by contacting support.

In addition, 3scale supports coupling credentials with authorized IP ranges per key or referrer domains per key to restrict where specific API credentials can be used. You can enable this additional filtering by navigating to the API Tab and accessing the Settings screen on the API.

Chapter 2. 3scale integration with Red Hat Single Sign-On using OpenID Connect

3scale can synchronize client credentials between 3scale (Application credentials) and a Red Hat Single Sign-On server using OpenID Connect (OIDC). 3scale utilizes a service called Zync to synchronize calls to the Red Hat Single Sign-On server.

2.1. Prerequisites:

  • 3scale 2.2
  • A Red Hat Single Sign-On version as specified on the Supported Configurations page.
  • SSL connection between Zync and RHSSO.

In order to connect 3scale and Red Hat Single Sign-On, perform the following configurations in Zync, your Red Hat Single Sign-On server and 3scale:

2.2. Configure Zync

3scale 2.2 and above supports custom CA certificates for Red Hat Single Sign-On with the SSL_CERT_FILE environment variable. This variable points to the local path of the certificates bundle. Configure it as follows:

  1. Validate the new certificate with the following cURL command. The expected response is a JSON configuration of the realm. If validation fails it is an indicator that your certificate may not be correct.

    curl -v https://<secure-sso-host>/auth/realms/master --cacert customCA.pem
  2. Add the certificate bundle to the Zync pod:

    1. Gather the existing content of the /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem file on the Zync pod. Run:

      oc exec <zync-pod-id> cat /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem > zync.pem
    2. Append the contents of the custom CA certificate file to zync.pem:

      cat customCA.pem >> zync.pem
    3. Attach the new file to the Zync pod as a ConfigMap:

      oc create configmap zync-ca-bundle --from-file=./zync.pem
      oc set volume dc/zync --add --name=zync-ca-bundle --mount-path /etc/pki/tls/zync/zync.pem --sub-path zync.pem --source='{"configMap":{"name":"zync-ca-bundle","items":[{"key":"zync.pem","path":"zync.pem"}]}}'
      oc patch dc/zync --type=json -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/volumeMounts/0/subPath", "value":"zync.pem"}]'
  3. After deployment, verify that the certificate is attached and the content is correct:

    oc exec <zync-pod-id> cat /etc/pki/tls/zync/zync.pem
  4. Configure the SSL_CERT_FILE environment variable on Zync to point to the new CA certificate bundle:

    oc set env dc/zync SSL_CERT_FILE=/etc/pki/tls/zync/zync.pem

2.3. Configure Red Hat Single Sign-On

  1. Create a realm
  2. Create a client:

    1. Specify a client ID
    2. Select the openid-connect client protocol
  3. Configure client permissions, setting the following:

    1. Access Type to confidential
    2. Standard Flow Enabled to OFF
    3. Direct Access Grants Enabled to OFF
    4. Service Accounts Enabled to ON
  4. Set service account roles for your client

    1. Navigate to the service account roles tab of your client
    2. In the client roles dropdown, select realm management
    3. In the available roles pane, select the manage-clients list item and assign the role by clicking Add Roles
  5. Note client credentials

    1. Take note of the client ID
    2. Navigate to the Credentials tab of your client and take note of the secret
  6. Add a user to the realm:

    1. Click on the Users menu on the left side of the screen
    2. Click the Add user button
    3. Type the username, set the Email Verified switch to ON and click the Save button
    4. Go the Credentials tab to set the password. Enter the password in both fields, set the Temporary switch to OFF to avoid the password reset at the next login, and click on Reset Password
    5. Click on the Change password button in the pop-up dialog

2.4. Configure 3scale

Once you have created and configured a server and client in Red Hat Single Sign-On, you must configure 3scale to work with Red Hat Single Sign-On:

  1. Enable OIDC

    1. Select the service on which you want to enable Red Hat Single Sign-On, navigate to the APIs → <your_service_name> → integration page
    2. On that page, select edit integration settings
    3. Under the Authentication deployment options, select OpenID Connect
    4. Update the service
  2. Edit Your APIcast Configuration

    1. navigate to the APIs → <your_service_name> → integration page
    2. On that page, select edit APIcast configuration
    3. Under the Authentication Settings expandable heading, in the OpenID Connect Issuer field, enter your previously noted client credentials with the URL of your Red Hat Single Sign-On server:

      https://<CLIENT_ID>:<CLIENT_SECRET>@<HOST>:<PORT>/auth/realms/<REALM_NAME>
    4. Save your configuration

2.5. Test Integration

Peform the following procedures in 3scale and verify the results in Red Hat Single Sign-On to test your integration:

3scale ProcedureRed Hat Single Sign-On Result

Create an application for the service where you configured the OpenID Connect Issuer. Note the Client ID and client secret generated for the application

The new client appears in the Red Hat Single Sign-On realm you are using

Change the Redirect URL on the application in 3Scale

The Redirect URL was updated

Delete the application

The client is deleted from the realm

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