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Machine management

OpenShift Container Platform 4.3

Adding and maintaining cluster machines

Red Hat OpenShift Documentation Team

Abstract

This document provides instructions for managing the machines that make up an OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Some tasks make use of the enhanced automatic machine management functions of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster and some tasks are manual. Not all tasks that are described in this document are available in all installation types.

Chapter 1. Creating MachineSets

1.1. Creating a MachineSet in AWS

You can create a different MachineSet to serve a specific purpose in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Amazon Web Services (AWS). For example, you might create infrastructure MachineSets and related Machines so that you can move supporting workloads to the new Machines.

1.1.1. Machine API overview

The Machine API is a combination of primary resources that are based on the upstream Cluster API project and custom OpenShift Container Platform resources.

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 clusters, the Machine API performs all node host provisioning management actions after the cluster installation finishes. Because of this system, OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 offers an elastic, dynamic provisioning method on top of public or private cloud infrastructure.

The two primary resources are:

Machines: A fundamental unit that describes the host for a Node. A machine has a providerSpec, which describes the types of compute nodes that are offered for different cloud platforms. For example, a machine type for a worker node on Amazon Web Services (AWS) might define a specific machine type and required metadata.
MachineSets: Groups of machines. MachineSets are to machines as ReplicaSets are to Pods. If you need more machines or must scale them down, you change the replicas field on the MachineSet to meet your compute need.

The following custom resources add more capabilities to your cluster:

MachineAutoscaler: This resource automatically scales machines in a cloud. You can set the minimum and maximum scaling boundaries for nodes in a specified MachineSet, and the MachineAutoscaler maintains that range of nodes. The MachineAutoscaler object takes effect after a ClusterAutoscaler object exists. Both ClusterAutoscaler and MachineAutoscaler resources are made available by the ClusterAutoscalerOperator.
ClusterAutoscaler: This resource is based on the upstream ClusterAutoscaler project. In the OpenShift Container Platform implementation, it is integrated with the Machine API by extending the MachineSet API. You can set cluster-wide scaling limits for resources such as cores, nodes, memory, GPU, and so on. You can set the priority so that the cluster prioritizes pods so that new nodes are not brought online for less important pods. You can also set the ScalingPolicy so you can scale up nodes but not scale them down.
MachineHealthCheck: This resource detects when a machine is unhealthy, deletes it, and, on supported platforms, makes a new machine.
Note
In version 4.3, MachineHealthChecks is a Technology Preview feature

In OpenShift Container Platform version 3.11, you could not roll out a multi-zone architecture easily because the cluster did not manage machine provisioning. Beginning with OpenShift Container Platform version 4.1, this process is easier. Each MachineSet is scoped to a single zone, so the installation program sends out MachineSets across availability zones on your behalf. And then because your compute is dynamic, and in the face of a zone failure, you always have a zone for when you must rebalance your machines. The autoscaler provides best-effort balancing over the life of a cluster.

1.1.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on AWS

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in the us-east-1a Amazon Web Services (AWS) zone and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
  name: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 2
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 3
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 4
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 6
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 8
    spec:
      metadata:
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 9
      providerSpec:
        value:
          ami:
            id: ami-046fe691f52a953f9 10
          apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
          blockDevices:
            - ebs:
                iops: 0
                volumeSize: 120
                volumeType: gp2
          credentialsSecret:
            name: aws-cloud-credentials
          deviceIndex: 0
          iamInstanceProfile:
            id: <infrastructureID>-worker-profile 11
          instanceType: m4.large
          kind: AWSMachineProviderConfig
          placement:
            availabilityZone: us-east-1a
            region: us-east-1
          securityGroups:
            - filters:
                - name: tag:Name
                  values:
                    - <infrastructureID>-worker-sg 12
          subnet:
            filters:
              - name: tag:Name
                values:
                  - <infrastructureID>-private-us-east-1a 13
          tags:
            - name: kubernetes.io/cluster/<infrastructureID> 14
              value: owned
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data

1 3 5 11 12 13 14

Specify the infrastructure ID that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster. If you have the OpenShift CLI and jq package installed, you can obtain the infrastructure ID by running the following command:

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

2 4 8

Specify the infrastructure ID, node label, and zone.

6 7 9

Specify the node label to add.

10

Specify a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI for your AWS zone for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

1.1.3. Creating a MachineSet

In addition to the ones created by the installation program, you can create your own MachineSets to dynamically manage the machine compute resources for specific workloads of your choice.

Prerequisites

Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Create a new YAML file that contains the MachineSet Custom Resource sample, as shown, and is named <file_name>.yaml.

Ensure that you set the <clusterID> and <role> parameter values.

If you are not sure about which value to set for a specific field, you can check an existing MachineSet from your cluster.

$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api

NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

Check values of a specific MachineSet:

$ oc get machineset <machineset_name> -n \
     openshift-machine-api -o yaml

....

template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: agl030519-vplxk 1
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker 2
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a

1: The cluster ID.
2: A default node label.

Create the new MachineSet:
```
$ oc create -f <file_name>.yaml
```

View the list of MachineSets:

$ oc get machineset -n openshift-machine-api


NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a    1         1         1       1           11m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

When the new MachineSet is available, the DESIRED and CURRENT values match. If the MachineSet is not available, wait a few minutes and run the command again.

After the new MachineSet is available, check status of the machine and the node that it references:

$ oc describe machine <name> -n openshift-machine-api

For example:

$ oc describe machine agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a -n openshift-machine-api

status:
  addresses:
  - address: 10.0.133.18
    type: InternalIP
  - address: ""
    type: ExternalDNS
  - address: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    type: InternalDNS
  lastUpdated: "2019-05-03T10:38:17Z"
  nodeRef:
    kind: Node
    name: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    uid: 71fb8d75-6d8f-11e9-9ff3-0e3f103c7cd8
  providerStatus:
    apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
    conditions:
    - lastProbeTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      lastTransitionTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      message: machine successfully created
      reason: MachineCreationSucceeded
      status: "True"
      type: MachineCreation
    instanceId: i-09ca0701454124294
    instanceState: running
    kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus

View the new node and confirm that the new node has the label that you specified:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> --show-labels
```
Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/<your_label> is in the LABELS list.

Note

Any change to a MachineSet is not applied to existing machines owned by the MachineSet. For example, labels edited or added to an existing MachineSet are not propagated to existing machines and Nodes associated with the MachineSet.

Next steps

If you need MachineSets in other availability zones, repeat this process to create more MachineSets.

1.2. Creating a MachineSet in Azure

You can create a different MachineSet to serve a specific purpose in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure. For example, you might create infrastructure MachineSets and related Machines so that you can move supporting workloads to the new Machines.

1.2.1. Machine API overview

The Machine API is a combination of primary resources that are based on the upstream Cluster API project and custom OpenShift Container Platform resources.

The two primary resources are:

Machines: A fundamental unit that describes the host for a Node. A machine has a providerSpec, which describes the types of compute nodes that are offered for different cloud platforms. For example, a machine type for a worker node on Amazon Web Services (AWS) might define a specific machine type and required metadata.
MachineSets: Groups of machines. MachineSets are to machines as ReplicaSets are to Pods. If you need more machines or must scale them down, you change the replicas field on the MachineSet to meet your compute need.

The following custom resources add more capabilities to your cluster:

MachineAutoscaler: This resource automatically scales machines in a cloud. You can set the minimum and maximum scaling boundaries for nodes in a specified MachineSet, and the MachineAutoscaler maintains that range of nodes. The MachineAutoscaler object takes effect after a ClusterAutoscaler object exists. Both ClusterAutoscaler and MachineAutoscaler resources are made available by the ClusterAutoscalerOperator.
ClusterAutoscaler: This resource is based on the upstream ClusterAutoscaler project. In the OpenShift Container Platform implementation, it is integrated with the Machine API by extending the MachineSet API. You can set cluster-wide scaling limits for resources such as cores, nodes, memory, GPU, and so on. You can set the priority so that the cluster prioritizes pods so that new nodes are not brought online for less important pods. You can also set the ScalingPolicy so you can scale up nodes but not scale them down.
MachineHealthCheck: This resource detects when a machine is unhealthy, deletes it, and, on supported platforms, makes a new machine.
Note
In version 4.3, MachineHealthChecks is a Technology Preview feature

1.2.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on Azure

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in the 1 Microsoft Azure zone in the centralus region and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 2
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 3
  name: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 4
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 6
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 8
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 9
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 10
    spec:
      metadata:
        creationTimestamp: null
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 11
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: azureproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
          credentialsSecret:
            name: azure-cloud-credentials
            namespace: openshift-machine-api
          image:
            offer: ""
            publisher: ""
            resourceID: /resourceGroups/<infrastructureID>-rg/providers/Microsoft.Compute/images/<infrastructureID>
            sku: ""
            version: ""
          internalLoadBalancer: ""
          kind: AzureMachineProviderSpec
          location: centralus
          managedIdentity: <infrastructureID>-identity 12
          metadata:
            creationTimestamp: null
          natRule: null
          networkResourceGroup: ""
          osDisk:
            diskSizeGB: 128
            managedDisk:
              storageAccountType: Premium_LRS
            osType: Linux
          publicIP: false
          publicLoadBalancer: ""
          resourceGroup: <infrastructureID>-rg 13
          sshPrivateKey: ""
          sshPublicKey: ""
          subnet: <infrastructureID>-<role>-subnet 14 15
          userDataSecret:
            name: <role>-user-data 16
          vmSize: Standard_D2s_v3
          vnet: <infrastructureID>-vnet 17
          zone: "1" 18

1 5 7 12 13 14 17

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

2 3 8 9 11 15 16

Specify the node label to add.

4 6 10

Specify the infrastructure ID, node label, and region.

18

Specify the zone within your region to place Machines on. Be sure that your region supports the zone that you specify.

1.2.3. Creating a MachineSet

In addition to the ones created by the installation program, you can create your own MachineSets to dynamically manage the machine compute resources for specific workloads of your choice.

Prerequisites

Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Create a new YAML file that contains the MachineSet Custom Resource sample, as shown, and is named <file_name>.yaml.

Ensure that you set the <clusterID> and <role> parameter values.

If you are not sure about which value to set for a specific field, you can check an existing MachineSet from your cluster.

$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api

NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

Check values of a specific MachineSet:

$ oc get machineset <machineset_name> -n \
     openshift-machine-api -o yaml

....

template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: agl030519-vplxk 1
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker 2
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a

1: The cluster ID.
2: A default node label.

Create the new MachineSet:
```
$ oc create -f <file_name>.yaml
```

View the list of MachineSets:

$ oc get machineset -n openshift-machine-api


NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a    1         1         1       1           11m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

When the new MachineSet is available, the DESIRED and CURRENT values match. If the MachineSet is not available, wait a few minutes and run the command again.

After the new MachineSet is available, check status of the machine and the node that it references:

$ oc describe machine <name> -n openshift-machine-api

For example:

$ oc describe machine agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a -n openshift-machine-api

status:
  addresses:
  - address: 10.0.133.18
    type: InternalIP
  - address: ""
    type: ExternalDNS
  - address: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    type: InternalDNS
  lastUpdated: "2019-05-03T10:38:17Z"
  nodeRef:
    kind: Node
    name: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    uid: 71fb8d75-6d8f-11e9-9ff3-0e3f103c7cd8
  providerStatus:
    apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
    conditions:
    - lastProbeTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      lastTransitionTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      message: machine successfully created
      reason: MachineCreationSucceeded
      status: "True"
      type: MachineCreation
    instanceId: i-09ca0701454124294
    instanceState: running
    kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus

View the new node and confirm that the new node has the label that you specified:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> --show-labels
```
Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/<your_label> is in the LABELS list.

Note

Next steps

If you need MachineSets in other availability zones, repeat this process to create more MachineSets.

1.3. Creating a MachineSet in GCP

You can create a different MachineSet to serve a specific purpose in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). For example, you might create infrastructure MachineSets and related Machines so that you can move supporting workloads to the new Machines.

1.3.1. Machine API overview

The Machine API is a combination of primary resources that are based on the upstream Cluster API project and custom OpenShift Container Platform resources.

The two primary resources are:

Machines: A fundamental unit that describes the host for a Node. A machine has a providerSpec, which describes the types of compute nodes that are offered for different cloud platforms. For example, a machine type for a worker node on Amazon Web Services (AWS) might define a specific machine type and required metadata.
MachineSets: Groups of machines. MachineSets are to machines as ReplicaSets are to Pods. If you need more machines or must scale them down, you change the replicas field on the MachineSet to meet your compute need.

The following custom resources add more capabilities to your cluster:

MachineAutoscaler: This resource automatically scales machines in a cloud. You can set the minimum and maximum scaling boundaries for nodes in a specified MachineSet, and the MachineAutoscaler maintains that range of nodes. The MachineAutoscaler object takes effect after a ClusterAutoscaler object exists. Both ClusterAutoscaler and MachineAutoscaler resources are made available by the ClusterAutoscalerOperator.
ClusterAutoscaler: This resource is based on the upstream ClusterAutoscaler project. In the OpenShift Container Platform implementation, it is integrated with the Machine API by extending the MachineSet API. You can set cluster-wide scaling limits for resources such as cores, nodes, memory, GPU, and so on. You can set the priority so that the cluster prioritizes pods so that new nodes are not brought online for less important pods. You can also set the ScalingPolicy so you can scale up nodes but not scale them down.
MachineHealthCheck: This resource detects when a machine is unhealthy, deletes it, and, on supported platforms, makes a new machine.
Note
In version 4.3, MachineHealthChecks is a Technology Preview feature

1.3.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on GCP

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
  name: <infrastructureID>-w-a 2
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 3
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-w-a 4
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 6
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-w-a 8
    spec:
      metadata:
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 9
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: gcpprovider.openshift.io/v1beta1
          canIPForward: false
          credentialsSecret:
            name: gcp-cloud-credentials
          deletionProtection: false
          disks:
          - autoDelete: true
            boot: true
            image: <infrastructureID>-rhcos-image 10
            labels: null
            sizeGb: 128
            type: pd-ssd
          kind: GCPMachineProviderSpec
          machineType: n1-standard-4
          metadata:
            creationTimestamp: null
          networkInterfaces:
          - network: <infrastructureID>-network 11
            subnetwork: <infrastructureID>-<role>-subnet 12
          projectID: <project_name> 13
          region: us-central1
          serviceAccounts:
          - email: <infrastructureID>-w@<project_name>.iam.gserviceaccount.com 14 15
            scopes:
            - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
          tags:
          - <infrastructureID>-<role> 16
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data
          zone: us-central1-a

1 2 3 4 5 8 10 11 14

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

12 16

Specify the infrastructure ID and node label.

6 7 9

Specify the node label to add.

13 15

Specify the name of the GCP project that you use for your cluster.

1.3.3. Creating a MachineSet

In addition to the ones created by the installation program, you can create your own MachineSets to dynamically manage the machine compute resources for specific workloads of your choice.

Prerequisites

Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Create a new YAML file that contains the MachineSet Custom Resource sample, as shown, and is named <file_name>.yaml.

Ensure that you set the <clusterID> and <role> parameter values.

If you are not sure about which value to set for a specific field, you can check an existing MachineSet from your cluster.

$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api

NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

Check values of a specific MachineSet:

$ oc get machineset <machineset_name> -n \
     openshift-machine-api -o yaml

....

template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: agl030519-vplxk 1
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker 2
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a

1: The cluster ID.
2: A default node label.

Create the new MachineSet:
```
$ oc create -f <file_name>.yaml
```

View the list of MachineSets:

$ oc get machineset -n openshift-machine-api


NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a    1         1         1       1           11m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

When the new MachineSet is available, the DESIRED and CURRENT values match. If the MachineSet is not available, wait a few minutes and run the command again.

After the new MachineSet is available, check status of the machine and the node that it references:

$ oc describe machine <name> -n openshift-machine-api

For example:

$ oc describe machine agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a -n openshift-machine-api

status:
  addresses:
  - address: 10.0.133.18
    type: InternalIP
  - address: ""
    type: ExternalDNS
  - address: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    type: InternalDNS
  lastUpdated: "2019-05-03T10:38:17Z"
  nodeRef:
    kind: Node
    name: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    uid: 71fb8d75-6d8f-11e9-9ff3-0e3f103c7cd8
  providerStatus:
    apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
    conditions:
    - lastProbeTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      lastTransitionTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      message: machine successfully created
      reason: MachineCreationSucceeded
      status: "True"
      type: MachineCreation
    instanceId: i-09ca0701454124294
    instanceState: running
    kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus

View the new node and confirm that the new node has the label that you specified:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> --show-labels
```
Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/<your_label> is in the LABELS list.

Note

Next steps

If you need MachineSets in other availability zones, repeat this process to create more MachineSets.

1.4. Creating a MachineSet on OpenStack

You can create a different MachineSet to serve a specific purpose in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP). For example, you might create infrastructure MachineSets and related Machines so that you can move supporting workloads to the new Machines.

1.4.1. Machine API overview

The Machine API is a combination of primary resources that are based on the upstream Cluster API project and custom OpenShift Container Platform resources.

The two primary resources are:

Machines: A fundamental unit that describes the host for a Node. A machine has a providerSpec, which describes the types of compute nodes that are offered for different cloud platforms. For example, a machine type for a worker node on Amazon Web Services (AWS) might define a specific machine type and required metadata.
MachineSets: Groups of machines. MachineSets are to machines as ReplicaSets are to Pods. If you need more machines or must scale them down, you change the replicas field on the MachineSet to meet your compute need.

The following custom resources add more capabilities to your cluster:

MachineAutoscaler: This resource automatically scales machines in a cloud. You can set the minimum and maximum scaling boundaries for nodes in a specified MachineSet, and the MachineAutoscaler maintains that range of nodes. The MachineAutoscaler object takes effect after a ClusterAutoscaler object exists. Both ClusterAutoscaler and MachineAutoscaler resources are made available by the ClusterAutoscalerOperator.
ClusterAutoscaler: This resource is based on the upstream ClusterAutoscaler project. In the OpenShift Container Platform implementation, it is integrated with the Machine API by extending the MachineSet API. You can set cluster-wide scaling limits for resources such as cores, nodes, memory, GPU, and so on. You can set the priority so that the cluster prioritizes pods so that new nodes are not brought online for less important pods. You can also set the ScalingPolicy so you can scale up nodes but not scale them down.
MachineHealthCheck: This resource detects when a machine is unhealthy, deletes it, and, on supported platforms, makes a new machine.
Note
In version 4.3, MachineHealthChecks is a Technology Preview feature

1.4.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on RHOSP

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.openshift.io/<node_role>: ""

In this sample, infrastructure_ID is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and node_role is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructure_ID> 1
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <node_role> 2
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <node_role> 3
  name: <infrastructure_ID>-<node_role> 4
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: <number_of_replicas>
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructure_ID> 5
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructure_ID>-<node_role> 6
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructure_ID> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <node_role> 8
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <node_role> 9
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructure_ID>-<node_role> 10
    spec:
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: openstackproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1alpha1
          cloudName: openstack
          cloudsSecret:
            name: openstack-cloud-credentials
            namespace: openshift-machine-api
          flavor: <nova_flavor>
          image: <glance_image_name_or_location>
          kind: OpenstackProviderSpec
          networks:
          - filter: {}
            subnets:
            - filter:
                name: <subnet_name>
                tags: openshiftClusterID=<infrastructure_ID>
          securityGroups:
          - filter: {}
            name: <infrastructure_ID>-<node_role>
          serverMetadata:
            Name: <infrastructure_ID>-<node_role>
            openshiftClusterID: <infrastructure_ID>
          tags:
          - openshiftClusterID=<infrastructure_ID>
          trunk: true
          userDataSecret:
            name: <node_role>-user-data 11

1 5 7

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

2 3 8 9 11

Specify the node label to add.

4 6 10

Specify the infrastructure ID and node label.

1.4.3. Creating a MachineSet

In addition to the ones created by the installation program, you can create your own MachineSets to dynamically manage the machine compute resources for specific workloads of your choice.

Prerequisites

Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Create a new YAML file that contains the MachineSet Custom Resource sample, as shown, and is named <file_name>.yaml.

Ensure that you set the <clusterID> and <role> parameter values.

If you are not sure about which value to set for a specific field, you can check an existing MachineSet from your cluster.

$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api

NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

Check values of a specific MachineSet:

$ oc get machineset <machineset_name> -n \
     openshift-machine-api -o yaml

....

template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: agl030519-vplxk 1
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker 2
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a

1: The cluster ID.
2: A default node label.

Create the new MachineSet:
```
$ oc create -f <file_name>.yaml
```

View the list of MachineSets:

$ oc get machineset -n openshift-machine-api


NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a    1         1         1       1           11m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

When the new MachineSet is available, the DESIRED and CURRENT values match. If the MachineSet is not available, wait a few minutes and run the command again.

After the new MachineSet is available, check status of the machine and the node that it references:

$ oc describe machine <name> -n openshift-machine-api

For example:

$ oc describe machine agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a -n openshift-machine-api

status:
  addresses:
  - address: 10.0.133.18
    type: InternalIP
  - address: ""
    type: ExternalDNS
  - address: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    type: InternalDNS
  lastUpdated: "2019-05-03T10:38:17Z"
  nodeRef:
    kind: Node
    name: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    uid: 71fb8d75-6d8f-11e9-9ff3-0e3f103c7cd8
  providerStatus:
    apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
    conditions:
    - lastProbeTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      lastTransitionTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      message: machine successfully created
      reason: MachineCreationSucceeded
      status: "True"
      type: MachineCreation
    instanceId: i-09ca0701454124294
    instanceState: running
    kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus

View the new node and confirm that the new node has the label that you specified:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> --show-labels
```
Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/<your_label> is in the LABELS list.

Note

Next steps

If you need MachineSets in other availability zones, repeat this process to create more MachineSets.

Chapter 2. Manually scaling a MachineSet

You can add or remove an instance of a machine in a MachineSet.

Note

If you need to modify aspects of a MachineSet outside of scaling, see Modifying a MachineSet.

2.1. Prerequisites

If you enabled the cluster-wide proxy and scale up workers not included in networking.machineCIDR from the installation configuration, you must add the workers to the Proxy object’s noProxy field to prevent connection issues.

Important

This process is not applicable to clusters where you manually provisioned the machines yourself. You can use the advanced machine management and scaling capabilities only in clusters where the machine API is operational.

2.2. Scaling a MachineSet manually

If you must add or remove an instance of a machine in a MachineSet, you can manually scale the MachineSet.

Prerequisites

Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster and the oc command line.
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

View the MachineSets that are in the cluster:
```
$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api
```
The MachineSets are listed in the form of <clusterid>-worker-<aws-region-az>.

Scale the MachineSet:

$ oc scale --replicas=2 machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Or:

$ oc edit machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

You can scale the MachineSet up or down. It takes several minutes for the new machines to be available.

2.3. The MachineSet delete policy

Random, Newest, and Oldest are the three supported options. The default is Random, meaning that random machines are chosen and deleted when scaling MachineSets down. The delete policy can be set according to the use case by modifying the particular MachineSet:

spec:
  deletePolicy: <delete policy>
  replicas: <desired replica count>

Specific machines can also be priortized for deletion by adding the annotation machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-delete-machine to the machine of interest, regardless of the delete policy.

Important

By default, the OpenShift Container Platform router pods are deployed on workers. Because the router is required to access some cluster resources, including the web console, do not scale the worker MachineSet to 0 unless you first relocate the router pods.

Note

Custom MachineSets can be used for use cases requiring that services run on specific nodes and that those services are ignored by the controller when the worker MachineSets are scaling down. This prevents service disruption.

Chapter 3. Modifying a MachineSet

You can make changes to a MachineSet, such as adding labels, changing the instance type, or changing block storage.

Note

If you need to scale a MachineSet without making other changes, see Manually scaling a MachineSet.

3.1. Modifying a MachineSet

To make changes to a MachineSet, edit the MachineSet YAML. Then, remove all machines associated with the MachineSet by deleting each machine 'or scaling down the MachineSet to 0 replicas. Then, scale the replicas back to the desired number. Changes you make to a MachineSet do not affect existing machines.

If you need to scale a MachineSet without making other changes, you do not need to delete the machines.

Note

Prerequisites

Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster and the oc command line.
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Edit the MachineSet:

$ oc edit machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Scale down the MachineSet to 0:

$ oc scale --replicas=0 machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Or:

$ oc edit machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Wait for the machines to be removed.

Scale up the MachineSet as needed:

$ oc scale --replicas=2 machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Or:

$ oc edit machineset <machineset> -n openshift-machine-api

Wait for the machines to start. The new Machines contain changes you made to the Machineset.

Chapter 4. Deleting a machine

You can delete a specific machine.

4.1. Deleting a specific machine

You can delete a specific machine.

Prerequisites

Install an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log into oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

View the Machines that are in the cluster and identify the one to delete:
```
$ oc get machine -n openshift-machine-api
```
The command output contains a list of Machines in the <clusterid>-worker-<cloud_region> format.
Delete the Machine:
```
$ oc delete machine <machine> -n openshift-machine-api
```
Important
By default, the machine controller tries to drain the node that is backed by the machine until it succeeds. In some situations, such as with a misconfigured Pod disruption budget, the drain operation might not be able to succeed in preventing the machine from being deleted. You can skip draining the node by annotating "machine.openshift.io/exclude-node-draining" in a specific machine. If the machine being deleted belongs to a MachineSet, a new machine is immediately created to satisfy the specified number of replicas.

Chapter 5. Applying autoscaling to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

Applying autoscaling to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster involves deploying a ClusterAutoscaler and then deploying MachineAutoscalers for each Machine type in your cluster.

Important

You can configure the ClusterAutoscaler only in clusters where the machine API is operational.

5.1. About the ClusterAutoscaler

The ClusterAutoscaler adjusts the size of an OpenShift Container Platform cluster to meet its current deployment needs. It uses declarative, Kubernetes-style arguments to provide infrastructure management that does not rely on objects of a specific cloud provider. The ClusterAutoscaler has a cluster scope, and is not associated with a particular namespace.

The ClusterAutoscaler increases the size of the cluster when there are Pods that failed to schedule on any of the current nodes due to insufficient resources or when another node is necessary to meet deployment needs. The ClusterAutoscaler does not increase the cluster resources beyond the limits that you specify.

Important

Ensure that the maxNodesTotal value in the ClusterAutoscaler definition that you create is large enough to account for the total possible number of machines in your cluster. This value must encompass the number of control plane machines and the possible number of compute machines that you might scale to.

The ClusterAutoscaler decreases the size of the cluster when some nodes are consistently not needed for a significant period, such as when it has low resource use and all of its important Pods can fit on other nodes.

If the following types of Pods are present on a node, the ClusterAutoscaler will not remove the node:

Pods with restrictive PodDisruptionBudgets (PDBs).
Kube-system Pods that do not run on the node by default.
Kube-system Pods that do not have a PDB or have a PDB that is too restrictive.
Pods that are not backed by a controller object such as a Deployment, ReplicaSet, or StatefulSet.
Pods with local storage.
Pods that cannot be moved elsewhere because of a lack of resources, incompatible node selectors or affinity, matching anti-affinity, and so on.
Unless they also have a "cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/safe-to-evict": "true" annotation, Pods that have a "cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io/safe-to-evict": "false" annotation.

If you configure the ClusterAutoscaler, additional usage restrictions apply:

Do not modify the nodes that are in autoscaled node groups directly. All nodes within the same node group have the same capacity and labels and run the same system Pods.
Specify requests for your Pods.
If you have to prevent Pods from being deleted too quickly, configure appropriate PDBs.
Confirm that your cloud provider quota is large enough to support the maximum node pools that you configure.
Do not run additional node group autoscalers, especially the ones offered by your cloud provider.

The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and the ClusterAutoscaler modify cluster resources in different ways. The HPA changes the deployment’s or ReplicaSet’s number of replicas based on the current CPU load. If the load increases, the HPA creates new replicas, regardless of the amount of resources available to the cluster. If there are not enough resources, the ClusterAutoscaler adds resources so that the HPA-created Pods can run. If the load decreases, the HPA stops some replicas. If this action causes some nodes to be underutilized or completely empty, the ClusterAutoscaler deletes the unnecessary nodes.

The ClusterAutoscaler takes Pod priorities into account. The Pod Priority and Preemption feature enables scheduling Pods based on priorities if the cluster does not have enough resources, but the ClusterAutoscaler ensures that the cluster has resources to run all Pods. To honor the intention of both features, the ClusterAutoscaler inclues a priority cutoff function. You can use this cutoff to schedule "best-effort" Pods, which do not cause the ClusterAutoscaler to increase resources but instead run only when spare resources are available.

Pods with priority lower than the cutoff value do not cause the cluster to scale up or prevent the cluster from scaling down. No new nodes are added to run the Pods, and nodes running these Pods might be deleted to free resources.

5.2. About the MachineAutoscaler

The MachineAutoscaler adjusts the number of Machines in the MachineSets that you deploy in an OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You can scale both the default worker MachineSet and any other MachineSets that you create. The MachineAutoscaler makes more Machines when the cluster runs out of resources to support more deployments. Any changes to the values in MachineAutoscaler resources, such as the minimum or maximum number of instances, are immediately applied to the MachineSet they target.

Important

You must deploy a MachineAutoscaler for the ClusterAutoscaler to scale your machines. The ClusterAutoscaler uses the annotations on MachineSets that the MachineAutoscaler sets to determine the resources that it can scale. If you define a ClusterAutoscaler without also defining MachineAutoscalers, the ClusterAutoscaler will never scale your cluster.

5.3. Configuring the ClusterAutoscaler

First, deploy the ClusterAutoscaler to manage automatic resource scaling in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Note

Because the ClusterAutoscaler is scoped to the entire cluster, you can make only one ClusterAutoscaler for the cluster.

5.3.1. ClusterAutoscaler resource definition

This ClusterAutoscaler resource definition shows the parameters and sample values for the ClusterAutoscaler.

apiVersion: "autoscaling.openshift.io/v1"
kind: "ClusterAutoscaler"
metadata:
  name: "default"
spec:
  podPriorityThreshold: -10 1
  resourceLimits:
    maxNodesTotal: 24 2
    cores:
      min: 8 3
      max: 128 4
    memory:
      min: 4 5
      max: 256 6
    gpus:
      - type: nvidia.com/gpu 7
        min: 0 8
        max: 16 9
      - type: amd.com/gpu 10
        min: 0 11
        max: 4 12
  scaleDown: 13
    enabled: true 14
    delayAfterAdd: 10m 15
    delayAfterDelete: 5m 16
    delayAfterFailure: 30s 17
    unneededTime: 60s 18

1: Specify the priority that a pod must exceed to cause the ClusterAutoscaler to deploy additional nodes. Enter a 32-bit integer value. The podPriorityThreshold value is compared to the value of the PriorityClass that you assign to each pod.
2: Specify the maximum number of nodes to deploy. This value is the total number of machines that are deployed in your cluster, not just the ones that the autoscaler controls. Ensure that this value is large enough to account for all of your control plane and compute machines and the total number of replicas that you specify in your MachineAutoscaler resources.
3: Specify the minimum number of cores to deploy.
4: Specify the maximum number of cores to deploy.
5: Specify the minimum amount of memory, in GiB, per node.
6: Specify the maximum amount of memory, in GiB, per node.
7 10: Optionally, specify the type of GPU node to deploy. Only nvidia.com/gpu and amd.com/gpu are valid types.
8 11: Specify the minimum number of GPUs to deploy.
9 12: Specify the maximum number of GPUs to deploy.
13: In this section, you can specify the period to wait for each action by using any valid ParseDuration interval, including ns, us, ms, s, m, and h.
14: Specify whether the ClusterAutoscaler can remove unnecessary nodes.
15: Optionally, specify the period to wait before deleting a node after a node has recently been added. If you do not specify a value, the default value of 10m is used.
16: Specify the period to wait before deleting a node after a node has recently been deleted. If you do not specify a value, the default value of 10s is used.
17: Specify the period to wait before deleting a node after a scale down failure occurred. If you do not specify a value, the default value of 3m is used.
18: Specify the period before an unnecessary node is eligible for deletion. If you do not specify a value, the default value of 10m is used.

5.3.2. Deploying the ClusterAutoscaler

To deploy the ClusterAutoscaler, you create an instance of the ClusterAutoscaler resource.

Procedure

Create a YAML file for the ClusterAutoscaler resource that contains the customized resource definition.
Create the resource in the cluster:
```
$ oc create -f <filename>.yaml 1
```
1
<filename> is the name of the resource file that you customized.

5.4. Next steps

After you configure the ClusterAutoscaler, you must configure at least one MachineAutoscaler.

5.5. Configuring the MachineAutoscalers

After you deploy the ClusterAutoscaler, deploy MachineAutoscaler resources that reference the MachineSets that are used to scale the cluster.

Important

You must deploy at least one MachineAutoscaler resource after you deploy the ClusterAutoscaler resource.

Note

You must configure separate resources for each MachineSet. Remember that MachineSets are different in each region, so consider whether you want to enable machine scaling in multiple regions. The MachineSet that you scale must have at least one machine in it.

5.5.1. MachineAutoscaler resource definition

This MachineAutoscaler resource definition shows the parameters and sample values for the MachineAutoscaler.

apiVersion: "autoscaling.openshift.io/v1beta1"
kind: "MachineAutoscaler"
metadata:
  name: "worker-us-east-1a" 1
  namespace: "openshift-machine-api"
spec:
  minReplicas: 1 2
  maxReplicas: 12 3
  scaleTargetRef: 4
    apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
    kind: MachineSet 5
    name: worker-us-east-1a 6

1: Specify the MachineAutoscaler name. To make it easier to identify which MachineSet this MachineAutoscaler scales, specify or include the name of the MachineSet to scale. The MachineSet name takes the following form: <clusterid>-<machineset>-<aws-region-az>
2: Specify the minimum number Machines of the specified type that must remain in the specified AWS zone after the ClusterAutoscaler initiates cluster scaling. Do not set this value to 0.
3: Specify the maximum number Machines of the specified type that the ClusterAutoscaler can deploy in the specified AWS zone after it initiates cluster scaling. Ensure that the maxNodesTotal value in the ClusterAutoscaler definition is large enough to allow the MachineAutoScaler to deploy this number of machines.
4: In this section, provide values that describe the existing MachineSet to scale.
5: The kind parameter value is always MachineSet.
6: The name value must match the name of an existing MachineSet, as shown in the metadata.name parameter value.

5.5.2. Deploying the MachineAutoscaler

To deploy the MachineAutoscaler, you create an instance of the MachineAutoscaler resource.

Procedure

Create a YAML file for the MachineAutoscaler resource that contains the customized resource definition.
Create the resource in the cluster:
```
$ oc create -f <filename>.yaml 1
```
1
<filename> is the name of the resource file that you customized.

5.6. Additional resources

For more information about pod priority, see Including pod priority in pod scheduling decisions in OpenShift Container Platform.

Chapter 6. Creating infrastructure MachineSets

You can create a MachineSet to host only infrastructure components. You apply specific Kubernetes labels to these Machines and then update the infrastructure components to run on only those Machines. These infrastructure nodes are not counted toward the total number of subscriptions that are required to run the environment.

Important

Unlike earlier versions of OpenShift Container Platform, you cannot move the infrastructure components to the master Machines. To move the components, you must create a new MachineSet.

6.1. OpenShift Container Platform infrastructure components

The following OpenShift Container Platform components are infrastructure components:

Kubernetes and OpenShift Container Platform control plane services that run on masters
The default router
The container image registry
The cluster metrics collection, or monitoring service
Cluster aggregated logging
Service brokers

Any node that runs any other container, pod, or component is a worker node that your subscription must cover.

6.2. Creating infrastructure MachineSets for production environments

In a production deployment, deploy at least three MachineSets to hold infrastructure components. Both the logging aggregation solution and the service mesh deploy Elasticsearch, and Elasticsearch requires three instances that are installed on different nodes. For high availability, install deploy these nodes to different availability zones. Since you need different MachineSets for each availability zone, create at least three MachineSets.

6.2.1. Creating MachineSets for different clouds

Use the sample MachineSet for your cloud.

6.2.1.1. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on AWS

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in the us-east-1a Amazon Web Services (AWS) zone and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
  name: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 2
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 3
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 4
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 6
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<zone> 8
    spec:
      metadata:
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 9
      providerSpec:
        value:
          ami:
            id: ami-046fe691f52a953f9 10
          apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
          blockDevices:
            - ebs:
                iops: 0
                volumeSize: 120
                volumeType: gp2
          credentialsSecret:
            name: aws-cloud-credentials
          deviceIndex: 0
          iamInstanceProfile:
            id: <infrastructureID>-worker-profile 11
          instanceType: m4.large
          kind: AWSMachineProviderConfig
          placement:
            availabilityZone: us-east-1a
            region: us-east-1
          securityGroups:
            - filters:
                - name: tag:Name
                  values:
                    - <infrastructureID>-worker-sg 12
          subnet:
            filters:
              - name: tag:Name
                values:
                  - <infrastructureID>-private-us-east-1a 13
          tags:
            - name: kubernetes.io/cluster/<infrastructureID> 14
              value: owned
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data

1 3 5 11 12 13 14

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

2 4 8

Specify the infrastructure ID, node label, and zone.

6 7 9

Specify the node label to add.

10

Specify a valid Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) AMI for your AWS zone for your OpenShift Container Platform nodes.

6.2.1.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on Azure

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in the 1 Microsoft Azure zone in the centralus region and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 2
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 3
  name: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 4
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 6
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 8
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 9
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-<role>-<region> 10
    spec:
      metadata:
        creationTimestamp: null
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 11
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: azureproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
          credentialsSecret:
            name: azure-cloud-credentials
            namespace: openshift-machine-api
          image:
            offer: ""
            publisher: ""
            resourceID: /resourceGroups/<infrastructureID>-rg/providers/Microsoft.Compute/images/<infrastructureID>
            sku: ""
            version: ""
          internalLoadBalancer: ""
          kind: AzureMachineProviderSpec
          location: centralus
          managedIdentity: <infrastructureID>-identity 12
          metadata:
            creationTimestamp: null
          natRule: null
          networkResourceGroup: ""
          osDisk:
            diskSizeGB: 128
            managedDisk:
              storageAccountType: Premium_LRS
            osType: Linux
          publicIP: false
          publicLoadBalancer: ""
          resourceGroup: <infrastructureID>-rg 13
          sshPrivateKey: ""
          sshPublicKey: ""
          subnet: <infrastructureID>-<role>-subnet 14 15
          userDataSecret:
            name: <role>-user-data 16
          vmSize: Standard_D2s_v3
          vnet: <infrastructureID>-vnet 17
          zone: "1" 18

1 5 7 12 13 14 17

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

2 3 8 9 11 15 16

Specify the node label to add.

4 6 10

Specify the infrastructure ID, node label, and region.

18

Specify the zone within your region to place Machines on. Be sure that your region supports the zone that you specify.

6.2.1.3. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on GCP

This sample YAML defines a MachineSet that runs in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and creates nodes that are labeled with node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: ""

In this sample, <infrastructureID> is the infrastructure ID label that is based on the cluster ID that you set when you provisioned the cluster, and <role> is the node label to add.

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineSet
metadata:
  labels:
    machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 1
  name: <infrastructureID>-w-a 2
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 3
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-w-a 4
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: <infrastructureID> 5
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 6
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 7
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <infrastructureID>-w-a 8
    spec:
      metadata:
        labels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/<role>: "" 9
      providerSpec:
        value:
          apiVersion: gcpprovider.openshift.io/v1beta1
          canIPForward: false
          credentialsSecret:
            name: gcp-cloud-credentials
          deletionProtection: false
          disks:
          - autoDelete: true
            boot: true
            image: <infrastructureID>-rhcos-image 10
            labels: null
            sizeGb: 128
            type: pd-ssd
          kind: GCPMachineProviderSpec
          machineType: n1-standard-4
          metadata:
            creationTimestamp: null
          networkInterfaces:
          - network: <infrastructureID>-network 11
            subnetwork: <infrastructureID>-<role>-subnet 12
          projectID: <project_name> 13
          region: us-central1
          serviceAccounts:
          - email: <infrastructureID>-w@<project_name>.iam.gserviceaccount.com 14 15
            scopes:
            - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform
          tags:
          - <infrastructureID>-<role> 16
          userDataSecret:
            name: worker-user-data
          zone: us-central1-a

1 2 3 4 5 8 10 11 14

$ oc get -o jsonpath='{.status.infrastructureName}{"\n"}' infrastructure cluster

12 16

Specify the infrastructure ID and node label.

6 7 9

Specify the node label to add.

13 15

Specify the name of the GCP project that you use for your cluster.

6.2.2. Creating a MachineSet

In addition to the ones created by the installation program, you can create your own MachineSets to dynamically manage the machine compute resources for specific workloads of your choice.

Prerequisites

Deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in to oc as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Create a new YAML file that contains the MachineSet Custom Resource sample, as shown, and is named <file_name>.yaml.

Ensure that you set the <clusterID> and <role> parameter values.

If you are not sure about which value to set for a specific field, you can check an existing MachineSet from your cluster.

$ oc get machinesets -n openshift-machine-api

NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

Check values of a specific MachineSet:

$ oc get machineset <machineset_name> -n \
     openshift-machine-api -o yaml

....

template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-cluster: agl030519-vplxk 1
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: worker 2
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: worker
        machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a

1: The cluster ID.
2: A default node label.

Create the new MachineSet:
```
$ oc create -f <file_name>.yaml
```

View the list of MachineSets:

$ oc get machineset -n openshift-machine-api


NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AVAILABLE   AGE
agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a    1         1         1       1           11m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1a   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1b   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1c   1         1         1       1           55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1d   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1e   0         0                             55m
agl030519-vplxk-worker-us-east-1f   0         0                             55m

When the new MachineSet is available, the DESIRED and CURRENT values match. If the MachineSet is not available, wait a few minutes and run the command again.

After the new MachineSet is available, check status of the machine and the node that it references:

$ oc describe machine <name> -n openshift-machine-api

For example:

$ oc describe machine agl030519-vplxk-infra-us-east-1a -n openshift-machine-api

status:
  addresses:
  - address: 10.0.133.18
    type: InternalIP
  - address: ""
    type: ExternalDNS
  - address: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    type: InternalDNS
  lastUpdated: "2019-05-03T10:38:17Z"
  nodeRef:
    kind: Node
    name: ip-10-0-133-18.ec2.internal
    uid: 71fb8d75-6d8f-11e9-9ff3-0e3f103c7cd8
  providerStatus:
    apiVersion: awsproviderconfig.openshift.io/v1beta1
    conditions:
    - lastProbeTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      lastTransitionTime: "2019-05-03T10:34:31Z"
      message: machine successfully created
      reason: MachineCreationSucceeded
      status: "True"
      type: MachineCreation
    instanceId: i-09ca0701454124294
    instanceState: running
    kind: AWSMachineProviderStatus

View the new node and confirm that the new node has the label that you specified:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> --show-labels
```
Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/<your_label> is in the LABELS list.

Note

Next steps

If you need MachineSets in other availability zones, repeat this process to create more MachineSets.

6.3. Moving resources to infrastructure MachineSets

Some of the infrastructure resources are deployed in your cluster by default. You can move them to the infrastructure MachineSets that you created.

6.3.1. Moving the router

You can deploy the router Pod to a different MachineSet. By default, the Pod is displayed to a worker node.

Prerequisites

Configure additional MachineSets in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Procedure

View the IngressController Custom Resource for the router Operator:

$ oc get ingresscontroller default -n openshift-ingress-operator -o yaml

The command output resembles the following text:

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: IngressController
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2019-04-18T12:35:39Z
  finalizers:
  - ingresscontroller.operator.openshift.io/finalizer-ingresscontroller
  generation: 1
  name: default
  namespace: openshift-ingress-operator
  resourceVersion: "11341"
  selfLink: /apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default
  uid: 79509e05-61d6-11e9-bc55-02ce4781844a
spec: {}
status:
  availableReplicas: 2
  conditions:
  - lastTransitionTime: 2019-04-18T12:36:15Z
    status: "True"
    type: Available
  domain: apps.<cluster>.example.com
  endpointPublishingStrategy:
    type: LoadBalancerService
  selector: ingresscontroller.operator.openshift.io/deployment-ingresscontroller=default

Edit the ingresscontroller resource and change the nodeSelector to use the infra label:

$ oc edit ingresscontroller default -n openshift-ingress-operator -o yaml

Add the nodeSelector stanza that references the infra label to the spec section, as shown:

  spec:
    nodePlacement:
      nodeSelector:
        matchLabels:
          node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""

Confirm that the router pod is running on the infra node.

View the list of router pods and note the node name of the running pod:

$ oc get pod -n openshift-ingress -o wide

NAME                              READY     STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE       IP           NODE                           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
router-default-86798b4b5d-bdlvd   1/1      Running       0          28s       10.130.2.4   ip-10-0-217-226.ec2.internal   <none>           <none>
router-default-955d875f4-255g8    0/1      Terminating   0          19h       10.129.2.4   ip-10-0-148-172.ec2.internal   <none>           <none>

In this example, the running pod is on the ip-10-0-217-226.ec2.internal node.

View the node status of the running pod:
```
$ oc get node <node_name> 1

NAME                          STATUS  ROLES         AGE   VERSION
ip-10-0-217-226.ec2.internal  Ready   infra,worker  17h   v1.16.2
```
1
Specify the <node_name> that you obtained from the pod list.
Because the role list includes infra, the pod is running on the correct node.

6.3.2. Moving the default registry

You configure the registry Operator to deploy its pods to different nodes.

Prerequisites

Configure additional MachineSets in your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

Procedure

View the config/instance object:

$ oc get config/cluster -o yaml

The output resembles the following text:

apiVersion: imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Config
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2019-02-05T13:52:05Z
  finalizers:
  - imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/finalizer
  generation: 1
  name: cluster
  resourceVersion: "56174"
  selfLink: /apis/imageregistry.operator.openshift.io/v1/configs/cluster
  uid: 36fd3724-294d-11e9-a524-12ffeee2931b
spec:
  httpSecret: d9a012ccd117b1e6616ceccb2c3bb66a5fed1b5e481623
  logging: 2
  managementState: Managed
  proxy: {}
  replicas: 1
  requests:
    read: {}
    write: {}
  storage:
    s3:
      bucket: image-registry-us-east-1-c92e88cad85b48ec8b312344dff03c82-392c
      region: us-east-1
status:
...

Edit the config/instance object:
```
$ oc edit config/cluster
```
Add the following lines of text the spec section of the object:
```
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
```
Verify the registry Pod has been moved to the infrastructure node.
1. Run the following command to identify the node where the registry Pod is located:
```
$ oc get pods -o wide -n openshift-image-registry
```
2. Confirm the node has the label you specified:
```
$ oc describe node <node_name>
```
  Review the command output and confirm that node-role.kubernetes.io/infra is in the LABELS list.

6.3.3. Moving the monitoring solution

By default, the Prometheus Cluster Monitoring stack, which contains Prometheus, Grafana, and AlertManager, is deployed to provide cluster monitoring. It is managed by the Cluster Monitoring Operator. To move its components to different machines, you create and apply a custom ConfigMap.

Procedure

Save the following ConfigMap definition as the cluster-monitoring-configmap.yaml file:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: cluster-monitoring-config
  namespace: openshift-monitoring
data:
  config.yaml: |+
    alertmanagerMain:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    prometheusK8s:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    prometheusOperator:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    grafana:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    k8sPrometheusAdapter:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    kubeStateMetrics:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    telemeterClient:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""
    openshiftStateMetrics:
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ""

Running this ConfigMap forces the components of the monitoring stack to redeploy to infrastructure nodes.

Apply the new ConfigMap:

$ oc create -f cluster-monitoring-configmap.yaml

Watch the monitoring Pods move to the new machines:

$ watch 'oc get pod -n openshift-monitoring -o wide'

If a component has not moved to the infra node, delete the pod with this component:
```
$ oc delete pod -n openshift-monitoring <pod>
```
The component from the deleted pod is re-created on the infra node.

Additional resources

See the monitoring documentation for the general instructions on moving OpenShift Container Platform components.

6.3.4. Moving the cluster logging resources

You can configure the Cluster Logging Operator to deploy the pods for any or all of the Cluster Logging components, Elasticsearch, Kibana, and Curator to different nodes. You cannot move the Cluster Logging Operator pod from its installed location.

For example, you can move the Elasticsearch pods to a separate node because of high CPU, memory, and disk requirements.

Note

You should set your MachineSet to use at least 6 replicas.

Prerequisites

Cluster logging and Elasticsearch must be installed. These features are not installed by default.

Procedure

Edit the Cluster Logging Custom Resource in the openshift-logging project:

$ oc edit ClusterLogging instance

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging

....

spec:
  collection:
    logs:
      fluentd:
        resources: null
      type: fluentd
  curation:
    curator:
      nodeSelector: 1
          node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ''
      resources: null
      schedule: 30 3 * * *
    type: curator
  logStore:
    elasticsearch:
      nodeCount: 3
      nodeSelector: 2
          node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ''
      redundancyPolicy: SingleRedundancy
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: 500m
          memory: 16Gi
        requests:
          cpu: 500m
          memory: 16Gi
      storage: {}
    type: elasticsearch
  managementState: Managed
  visualization:
    kibana:
      nodeSelector: 3
          node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: '' 4
      proxy:
        resources: null
      replicas: 1
      resources: null
    type: kibana

....

1 2 3 4: Add a nodeSelector parameter with the appropriate value to the component you want to move. You can use a nodeSelector in the format shown or use <key>: <value> pairs, based on the value specified for the node.

Verification steps

To verify that a component has moved, you can use the oc get pod -o wide command.

For example:

You want to move the Kibana pod from the ip-10-0-147-79.us-east-2.compute.internal node:

$ oc get pod kibana-5b8bdf44f9-ccpq9 -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE                                        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kibana-5b8bdf44f9-ccpq9   2/2     Running   0          27s   10.129.2.18   ip-10-0-147-79.us-east-2.compute.internal   <none>           <none>

You want to move the Kibana Pod to the ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal node, a dedicated infrastructure node:

$ oc get nodes
NAME                                         STATUS   ROLES          AGE   VERSION
ip-10-0-133-216.us-east-2.compute.internal   Ready    master         60m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-139-146.us-east-2.compute.internal   Ready    master         60m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-139-192.us-east-2.compute.internal   Ready    worker         51m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-139-241.us-east-2.compute.internal   Ready    worker         51m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-147-79.us-east-2.compute.internal    Ready    worker         51m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-152-241.us-east-2.compute.internal   Ready    master         60m   v1.16.2
ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal    Ready    infra          51m   v1.16.2

Note that the node has a node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: '' label:

$ oc get node ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal -o yaml

kind: Node
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal
  selfLink: /api/v1/nodes/ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal
  uid: 62038aa9-661f-41d7-ba93-b5f1b6ef8751
  resourceVersion: '39083'
  creationTimestamp: '2020-04-13T19:07:55Z'
  labels:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: ''
....

To move the Kibana Pod, edit the Cluster Logging CR to add a node selector:

apiVersion: logging.openshift.io/v1
kind: ClusterLogging

....

spec:

....

  visualization:
    kibana:
      nodeSelector: 1
        node-role.kubernetes.io/infra: '' 2
      proxy:
        resources: null
      replicas: 1
      resources: null
    type: kibana

1 2: Add a node selector to match the label in the node specification.

After you save the CR, the current Kibana pod is terminated and new pod is deployed:

$ oc get pods
NAME                                            READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
cluster-logging-operator-84d98649c4-zb9g7       1/1     Running       0          29m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-1-56588f554f-kpmlg   2/2     Running       0          28m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-2-84c877d75d-75wqj   2/2     Running       0          28m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-3-f5d95b87b-4nx78    2/2     Running       0          28m
fluentd-42dzz                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
fluentd-d74rq                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
fluentd-m5vr9                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
fluentd-nkxl7                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
fluentd-pdvqb                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
fluentd-tflh6                                   1/1     Running       0          28m
kibana-5b8bdf44f9-ccpq9                         2/2     Terminating   0          4m11s
kibana-7d85dcffc8-bfpfp                         2/2     Running       0          33s

The new pod is on the ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal node:

$ oc get pod kibana-7d85dcffc8-bfpfp -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE                                        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kibana-7d85dcffc8-bfpfp   2/2     Running       0          43s   10.131.0.22   ip-10-0-139-48.us-east-2.compute.internal   <none>           <none>

After a few moments, the original Kibana pod is removed.

$ oc get pods
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cluster-logging-operator-84d98649c4-zb9g7       1/1     Running   0          30m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-1-56588f554f-kpmlg   2/2     Running   0          29m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-2-84c877d75d-75wqj   2/2     Running   0          29m
elasticsearch-cdm-hwv01pf7-3-f5d95b87b-4nx78    2/2     Running   0          29m
fluentd-42dzz                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
fluentd-d74rq                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
fluentd-m5vr9                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
fluentd-nkxl7                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
fluentd-pdvqb                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
fluentd-tflh6                                   1/1     Running   0          29m
kibana-7d85dcffc8-bfpfp                         2/2     Running   0          62s

Chapter 7. User-provisioned infrastructure

7.1. Adding RHEL compute machines to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

In OpenShift Container Platform, you can add Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute, or worker, machines to a user-provisioned infrastructure cluster. You can use RHEL as the operating system on only compute machines.

7.1.1. About adding RHEL compute nodes to a cluster

In OpenShift Container Platform 4.3, you have the option of using Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) machines as compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, in your cluster if you use a user-provisioned infrastructure installation. You must use Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines for the control plane, or master, machines in your cluster.

As with all installations that use user-provisioned infrastructure, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks.

Important

Because removing OpenShift Container Platform from a machine in the cluster requires destroying the operating system, you must use dedicated hardware for any RHEL machines that you add to the cluster.

Important

Swap memory is disabled on all RHEL machines that you add to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You cannot enable swap memory on these machines.

You must add any RHEL compute machines to the cluster after you initialize the control plane.

7.1.2. System requirements for RHEL compute nodes

The Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machine hosts, which are also known as worker machine hosts, in your OpenShift Container Platform environment must meet the following minimum hardware specifications and system-level requirements.

You must have an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription on your Red Hat account. If you do not, contact your sales representative for more information.
Production environments must provide compute machines to support your expected workloads. As a cluster administrator, you must calculate the expected workload and add about 10 percent for overhead. For production environments, allocate enough resources so that a node host failure does not affect your maximum capacity.
Each system must meet the following hardware requirements:
- Physical or virtual system, or an instance running on a public or private IaaS.
- Base OS: RHEL 7.6 with "Minimal" installation option.
  Important
  Only RHEL 7.6 is supported in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3. You must not upgrade your compute machines to RHEL 8.
- If you deployed OpenShift Container Platform in FIPS mode, you must enable FIPS on the RHEL machine before you boot it. See Enabling FIPS Mode in the RHEL 7 documentation.
- NetworkManager 1.0 or later.
- 1 vCPU.
- Minimum 8 GB RAM.
- Minimum 15 GB hard disk space for the file system containing /var/.
- Minimum 1 GB hard disk space for the file system containing /usr/local/bin/.
- Minimum 1 GB hard disk space for the file system containing the system’s temporary directory. The system’s temporary directory is determined according to the rules defined in the tempfile module in Python’s standard library.
Each system must meet any additional requirements for your system provider. For example, if you installed your cluster on VMware vSphere, your disks must be configured according to its storage guidelines and the disk.enableUUID=true attribute must be set.

7.1.2.1. Certificate signing requests management

Because your cluster has limited access to automatic machine management when you use infrastructure that you provision, you must provide a mechanism for approving cluster certificate signing requests (CSRs) after installation. The kube-controller-manager only approves the kubelet client CSRs. The machine-approver cannot guarantee the validity of a serving certificate that is requested by using kubelet credentials because it cannot confirm that the correct machine issued the request. You must determine and implement a method of verifying the validity of the kubelet serving certificate requests and approving them.

7.1.3. Preparing the machine to run the playbook

Before you can add compute machines that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux as the operating system to an OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 cluster, you must prepare a machine to run the playbook from. This machine is not part of the cluster but must be able to access it.

Prerequisites

Install the OpenShift CLI (oc) on the machine that you run the playbook on.
Log in as a user with cluster-admin permission.

Procedure

Ensure that the kubeconfig file for the cluster and the installation program that you used to install the cluster are on the machine. One way to accomplish this is to use the same machine that you used to install the cluster.
Configure the machine to access all of the RHEL hosts that you plan to use as compute machines. You can use any method that your company allows, including a bastion with an SSH proxy or a VPN.
Configure a user on the machine that you run the playbook on that has SSH access to all of the RHEL hosts.
Important
If you use SSH key-based authentication, you must manage the key with an SSH agent.
If you have not already done so, register the machine with RHSM and attach a pool with an OpenShift subscription to it:
1. Register the machine with RHSM:
```
# subscription-manager register --username=<user_name> --password=<password>
```
2. Pull the latest subscription data from RHSM:
```
# subscription-manager refresh
```
3. List the available subscriptions:
```
# subscription-manager list --available --matches '*OpenShift*'
```
4. In the output for the previous command, find the pool ID for an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and attach it:
```
# subscription-manager attach --pool=<pool_id>
```

Enable the repositories required by OpenShift Container Platform 4.3:

# subscription-manager repos \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-extras-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-ansible-2.8-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-ose-4.3-rpms"

Install the required packages, including openshift-ansible:
```
# yum install openshift-ansible openshift-clients jq
```
The openshift-ansible package provides installation program utilities and pulls in other packages that you require to add a RHEL compute node to your cluster, such as Ansible, playbooks, and related configuration files. The openshift-clients provides the oc CLI, and the jq package improves the display of JSON output on your command line.

7.1.4. Preparing a RHEL compute node

Before you add a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) machine to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, you must register each host with Red Hat Subscription Manager (RHSM), attach an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription, and enable the required repositories.

On each host, register with RHSM:

# subscription-manager register --username=<user_name> --password=<password>

Pull the latest subscription data from RHSM:
```
# subscription-manager refresh
```

List the available subscriptions:

# subscription-manager list --available --matches '*OpenShift*'

In the output for the previous command, find the pool ID for an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and attach it:
```
# subscription-manager attach --pool=<pool_id>
```
Disable all yum repositories:
1. Disable all the enabled RHSM repositories:
```
# subscription-manager repos --disable="*"
```
2. List the remaining yum repositories and note their names under repo id, if any:
```
# yum repolist
```
3. Use yum-config-manager to disable the remaining yum repositories:
```
# yum-config-manager --disable <repo_id>
```
  Alternatively, disable all repositories:
```
 yum-config-manager --disable \*
```
  Note that this might take a few minutes if you have a large number of available repositories

Enable only the repositories required by OpenShift Container Platform 4.3:

# subscription-manager repos \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-extras-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-ose-4.3-rpms"

Stop and disable firewalld on the host:
```
# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
```
Note
You must not enable firewalld later. If you do, you cannot access OpenShift Container Platform logs on the worker.

7.1.5. Adding a RHEL compute machine to your cluster

You can add compute machines that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux as the operating system to an OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 cluster.

Prerequisites

You installed the required packages and performed the necessary configuration on the machine that you run the playbook on.
You prepared the RHEL hosts for installation.

Procedure

Perform the following steps on the machine that you prepared to run the playbook:

Create an Ansible inventory file that is named /<path>/inventory/hosts that defines your compute machine hosts and required variables:
```
[all:vars]
ansible_user=root 1
#ansible_become=True 2

openshift_kubeconfig_path="~/.kube/config" 3

[new_workers] 4
mycluster-rhel7-0.example.com
mycluster-rhel7-1.example.com
```
1
Specify the user name that runs the Ansible tasks on the remote compute machines.
2
If you do not specify root for the ansible_user, you must set ansible_become to True and assign the user sudo permissions.
3
Specify the path and file name of the kubeconfig file for your cluster.
4
List each RHEL machine to add to your cluster. You must provide the fully-qualified domain name for each host. This name is the host name that the cluster uses to access the machine, so set the correct public or private name to access the machine.

Run the playbook:

$ cd /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible
$ ansible-playbook -i /<path>/inventory/hosts playbooks/scaleup.yml 1

1: For <path>, specify the path to the Ansible inventory file that you created.

7.1.6. Approving the CSRs for your machines

When you add machines to a cluster, two pending certificate signing requests (CSRs) are generated for each machine that you added. You must confirm that these CSRs are approved or, if necessary, approve them yourself.

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:

$ oc get nodes

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.16.2
worker-0  NotReady  worker  76s  v1.16.2
worker-1  NotReady  worker  70s  v1.16.2

The output lists all of the machines that you created.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see a client and server request with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending 1
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending 2
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

1: A client request CSR.
2: A server request CSR.

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After you approve the initial CSRs, the subsequent node client CSRs are automatically approved by the cluster kube-controller-manager. You must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

7.1.7. Required parameters for the Ansible hosts file

You must define the following parameters in the Ansible hosts file before you add Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines to your cluster.

Paramter	Description	Values
`ansible_user`	The SSH user that allows SSH-based authentication without requiring a password. If you use SSH key-based authentication, then you must manage the key with an SSH agent.	A user name on the system. The default value is `root`.
`ansible_become`	If the values of `ansible_user` is not root, you must set `ansible_become` to `True`, and the user that you specify as the `ansible_user` must be configured for passwordless sudo access.	`True`. If the value is not `True`, do not specify and define this parameter.
`openshift_kubeconfig_path`	Specifies a path and file name to a local directory that contains the `kubeconfig` file for your cluster.	The path and name of the configuration file.

7.1.7.1. Removing RHCOS compute machines from a cluster

After you add the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines to your cluster, you can remove the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) compute machines.

Prerequisites

You have added RHEL compute machines to your cluster.

Procedure

View the list of machines and record the node names of the RHCOS compute machines:
```
$ oc get nodes -o wide
```
For each RHCOS compute machine, delete the node:
1. Mark the node as unschedulable by running the oc adm cordon command:
```
$ oc adm cordon <node_name> 1
```
  1
  Specify the node name of one of the RHCOS compute machines.
2. Drain all the pods from the node:
```
$ oc adm drain <node_name> --force --delete-local-data --ignore-daemonsets 1
```
  1
  Specify the node name of the RHCOS compute machine that you isolated.
3. Delete the node:
```
$ oc delete nodes <node_name> 1
```
  1
  Specify the node name of the RHCOS compute machine that you drained.
Review the list of compute machines to ensure that only the RHEL nodes remain:
```
$ oc get nodes -o wide
```
Remove the RHCOS machines from the load balancer for your cluster’s compute machines. You can delete the Virtual Machines or reimage the physical hardware for the RHCOS compute machines.

7.2. Adding more RHEL compute machines to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

If your OpenShift Container Platform cluster already includes Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, you can add more RHEL compute machines to it.

7.2.1. About adding RHEL compute nodes to a cluster

Important

Swap memory is disabled on all RHEL machines that you add to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster. You cannot enable swap memory on these machines.

You must add any RHEL compute machines to the cluster after you initialize the control plane.

7.2.2. System requirements for RHEL compute nodes

You must have an active OpenShift Container Platform subscription on your Red Hat account. If you do not, contact your sales representative for more information.
Production environments must provide compute machines to support your expected workloads. As a cluster administrator, you must calculate the expected workload and add about 10 percent for overhead. For production environments, allocate enough resources so that a node host failure does not affect your maximum capacity.
Each system must meet the following hardware requirements:
- Physical or virtual system, or an instance running on a public or private IaaS.
- Base OS: RHEL 7.6 with "Minimal" installation option.
  Important
  Only RHEL 7.6 is supported in OpenShift Container Platform 4.3. You must not upgrade your compute machines to RHEL 8.
- If you deployed OpenShift Container Platform in FIPS mode, you must enable FIPS on the RHEL machine before you boot it. See Enabling FIPS Mode in the RHEL 7 documentation.
- NetworkManager 1.0 or later.
- 1 vCPU.
- Minimum 8 GB RAM.
- Minimum 15 GB hard disk space for the file system containing /var/.
- Minimum 1 GB hard disk space for the file system containing /usr/local/bin/.
- Minimum 1 GB hard disk space for the file system containing the system’s temporary directory. The system’s temporary directory is determined according to the rules defined in the tempfile module in Python’s standard library.
Each system must meet any additional requirements for your system provider. For example, if you installed your cluster on VMware vSphere, your disks must be configured according to its storage guidelines and the disk.enableUUID=true attribute must be set.

7.2.2.1. Certificate signing requests management

7.2.3. Preparing a RHEL compute node

On each host, register with RHSM:

# subscription-manager register --username=<user_name> --password=<password>

Pull the latest subscription data from RHSM:
```
# subscription-manager refresh
```

List the available subscriptions:

# subscription-manager list --available --matches '*OpenShift*'

In the output for the previous command, find the pool ID for an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and attach it:
```
# subscription-manager attach --pool=<pool_id>
```
Disable all yum repositories:
1. Disable all the enabled RHSM repositories:
```
# subscription-manager repos --disable="*"
```
2. List the remaining yum repositories and note their names under repo id, if any:
```
# yum repolist
```
3. Use yum-config-manager to disable the remaining yum repositories:
```
# yum-config-manager --disable <repo_id>
```
  Alternatively, disable all repositories:
```
 yum-config-manager --disable \*
```
  Note that this might take a few minutes if you have a large number of available repositories

Enable only the repositories required by OpenShift Container Platform 4.3:

# subscription-manager repos \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-extras-rpms" \
    --enable="rhel-7-server-ose-4.3-rpms"

Stop and disable firewalld on the host:
```
# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
```
Note
You must not enable firewalld later. If you do, you cannot access OpenShift Container Platform logs on the worker.

7.2.4. Adding more RHEL compute machines to your cluster

You can add more compute machines that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux as the operating system to an OpenShift Container Platform 4.3 cluster.

Prerequisites

Your OpenShift Container Platform cluster already contains RHEL compute nodes.
The hosts file that you used to add the first RHEL compute machines to your cluster is on the machine that you use the run the playbook.
The machine that you run the playbook on must be able to access all of the RHEL hosts. You can use any method that your company allows, including a bastion with an SSH proxy or a VPN.
The kubeconfig file for the cluster and the installation program that you used to install the cluster are on the machine that you use the run the playbook.
You must prepare the RHEL hosts for installation.
Configure a user on the machine that you run the playbook on that has SSH access to all of the RHEL hosts.
If you use SSH key-based authentication, you must manage the key with an SSH agent.
Install the OpenShift CLI (oc) on the machine that you run the playbook on.

Procedure

Open the Ansible inventory file at /<path>/inventory/hosts that defines your compute machine hosts and required variables.
Rename the [new_workers] section of the file to [workers].
Add a [new_workers] section to the file and define the fully-qualified domain names for each new host. The file resembles the following example:
```
[all:vars]
ansible_user=root
#ansible_become=True

openshift_kubeconfig_path="~/.kube/config"

[workers]
mycluster-rhel7-0.example.com
mycluster-rhel7-1.example.com

[new_workers]
mycluster-rhel7-2.example.com
mycluster-rhel7-3.example.com
```
In this example, the mycluster-rhel7-0.example.com and mycluster-rhel7-1.example.com machines are in the cluster and you add the mycluster-rhel7-2.example.com and mycluster-rhel7-3.example.com machines.

Run the scaleup playbook:

$ cd /usr/share/ansible/openshift-ansible
$ ansible-playbook -i /<path>/inventory/hosts playbooks/scaleup.yml 1

1: For <path>, specify the path to the Ansible inventory file that you created.

7.2.5. Approving the CSRs for your machines

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:

$ oc get nodes

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.16.2
worker-0  NotReady  worker  76s  v1.16.2
worker-1  NotReady  worker  70s  v1.16.2

The output lists all of the machines that you created.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see a client and server request with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending 1
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending 2
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

1: A client request CSR.
2: A server request CSR.

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After you approve the initial CSRs, the subsequent node client CSRs are automatically approved by the cluster kube-controller-manager. You must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

7.2.6. Required parameters for the Ansible hosts file

You must define the following parameters in the Ansible hosts file before you add Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) compute machines to your cluster.

Paramter	Description	Values
`ansible_user`	The SSH user that allows SSH-based authentication without requiring a password. If you use SSH key-based authentication, then you must manage the key with an SSH agent.	A user name on the system. The default value is `root`.
`ansible_become`	If the values of `ansible_user` is not root, you must set `ansible_become` to `True`, and the user that you specify as the `ansible_user` must be configured for passwordless sudo access.	`True`. If the value is not `True`, do not specify and define this parameter.
`openshift_kubeconfig_path`	Specifies a path and file name to a local directory that contains the `kubeconfig` file for your cluster.	The path and name of the configuration file.

7.3. Adding compute machines to vSphere

You can add more compute machines to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on VMware vSphere.

7.3.1. Prerequisites

You installed a cluster on vSphere.

Important

When adding additional compute machines to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster, use the RHCOS boot media that matches the same minor version that was used to install the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. For example, if you installed OpenShift Container Platform 4.4, you must add additional compute machines using RHCOS 4.4 boot media.

Adding additional compute machines to your cluster using newer RHCOS boot media is not supported. After adding the compute machines, they will automatically update to the current version of the OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

7.3.2. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines in vSphere

You can create more compute machines for your cluster that uses user-provisioned infrastructure on VMware vSphere.

Prerequisites

Obtain the Base64-encoded Ignition file for your compute machines.
You have access to the vSphere template that you created for your cluster.

Procedure

After the template deploys, deploy a VM for a machine in the cluster.
1. Right-click the template’s name and click Clone → Clone to Virtual Machine.
2. On the Select a name and folder tab, specify a name for the VM. You might include the machine type in the name, such as compute-1.
3. On the Select a name and folder tab, select the name of the folder that you created for the cluster.
4. On the Select a compute resource tab, select the name of a host in your datacenter.
5. Optional: On the Select storage tab, customize the storage options.
6. On the Select clone options, select Customize this virtual machine’s hardware.
7. On the Customize hardware tab, click VM Options → Advanced.
  - From the Latency Sensitivity list, select High.
  - Click Edit Configuration, and on the Configuration Parameters window, click Add Configuration Params. Define the following parameter names and values:
    guestinfo.ignition.config.data: Paste the contents of the Base64-encoded compute Ignition config file for this machine type.
    guestinfo.ignition.config.data.encoding: Specify base64.
    disk.EnableUUID: Specify TRUE.
8. In the Virtual Hardware panel of the Customize hardware tab, modify the specified values as required. Ensure that the amount of RAM, CPU, and disk storage meets the minimum requirements for the machine type. Also, make sure to select the correct network under Add network adapter if there are multiple networks available.
9. Complete the configuration and power on the VM.
Continue to create more compute machines for your cluster.

7.3.3. Approving the CSRs for your machines

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:

$ oc get nodes

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.16.2
worker-0  NotReady  worker  76s  v1.16.2
worker-1  NotReady  worker  70s  v1.16.2

The output lists all of the machines that you created.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see a client and server request with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending 1
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending 2
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

1: A client request CSR.
2: A server request CSR.

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After you approve the initial CSRs, the subsequent node client CSRs are automatically approved by the cluster kube-controller-manager. You must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

7.4. Adding compute machines to bare metal

You can add more compute machines to your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on bare metal.

7.4.1. Prerequisites

You installed a cluster on bare metal.
You have installation media and Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) images that you used to create your cluster. If you do not have these files, you must obtain them by following the instructions in the installation procedure.

Important

7.4.2. Creating Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines

Before you add more compute machines to a cluster that you installed on bare metal infrastructure, you must create RHCOS machines for it to use. Follow either the steps to use an ISO image or network PXE booting to create the machines.

7.4.2.1. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines using an ISO image

You can create more compute machines for your bare metal cluster by using an ISO image to create the machines.

Prerequisites

Obtain the URL of the Ignition config file for the compute machines for your cluster. You uploaded this file to your HTTP server during installation.
Obtain the URL of the BIOS or UEFI RHCOS image file that you uploaded to your HTTP server during cluster installation.

Procedure

Use the ISO file to install RHCOS on more compute machines. Use the same method that you used when you created machines before you installed the cluster:
- Burn the ISO image to a disk and boot it directly.
- Use ISO redirection with a LOM interface.
After the instance boots, press the TAB or E key to edit the kernel command line.
Add the parameters to the kernel command line:
```
coreos.inst=yes
coreos.inst.install_dev=sda 1
coreos.inst.image_url=<bare_metal_image_URL> 2
coreos.inst.ignition_url=http://example.com/worker.ign 3
```
1
Specify the block device of the system to install to.
2
Specify the URL of the UEFI or BIOS image that you uploaded to your server.
3
Specify the URL of the compute Ignition config file.
Press Enter to complete the installation. After RHCOS installs, the system reboots. After the system reboots, it applies the Ignition config file that you specified.
Continue to create more compute machines for your cluster.

7.4.2.2. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines by PXE or iPXE booting

You can create more compute machines for your bare metal cluster by using PXE or iPXE booting.

Prerequisites

Obtain the URL of the Ignition config file for the compute machines for your cluster. You uploaded this file to your HTTP server during installation.
Obtain the URLs of the RHCOS ISO image, compressed metal BIOS, kernel, and initramfs files that you uploaded to your HTTP server during cluster installation.
You have access to the PXE booting infrastructure that you used to create the machines for your OpenShift Container Platform cluster during installation. The machines must boot from their local disks after RHCOS is installed on them.
If you use UEFI, you have access to the grub.conf file that you modified during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Procedure

Confirm that your PXE or iPXE installation for the RHCOS images is correct.
- For PXE:
```
DEFAULT pxeboot
TIMEOUT 20
PROMPT 0
LABEL pxeboot
    KERNEL http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-installer-kernel-<architecture> 1
    APPEND ip=dhcp rd.neednet=1 initrd=http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-installer-initramfs.<architecture>.img console=tty0 console=ttyS0 coreos.inst=yes coreos.inst.install_dev=sda coreos.inst.image_url=http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-metal.<architecture>.raw.gz coreos.inst.ignition_url=http://<HTTP_server>/worker.ign 2 3
```
  1
  Specify the location of the kernel file that you uploaded to your HTTP server.
  2
  If you use multiple NICs, specify a single interface in the ip option. For example, to use DHCP on a NIC that is named eno1, set ip=eno1:dhcp.
  3
  Specify locations of the RHCOS files that you uploaded to your HTTP server. The initrd parameter value is the location of the initramfs file, the coreos.inst.image_url parameter value is the location of the compressed metal RAW image, and the coreos.inst.ignition_url parameter value is the location of the worker Ignition config file.
- For iPXE:
```
kernel http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-installer-kernel-<architecture> ip=dhcp rd.neednet=1 initrd=http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-installer-initramfs.<architecture>.img console=tty0 console=ttyS0 coreos.inst=yes coreos.inst.install_dev=sda coreos.inst.image_url=http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-metal.<arhcitectutre>.raw.gz coreos.inst.ignition_url=http://<HTTP_server>/worker.ign 1 2
initrd http://<HTTP_server>/rhcos-<version>-installer-initramfs.<architecture>.img 3
boot
```
  1
  Specify locations of the RHCOS files that you uploaded to your HTTP server. The kernel parameter value is the location of the kernel file, the initrd parameter value is the location of the initramfs file, the coreos.inst.image_url parameter value is the location of the compressed metal RAW image, and the coreos.inst.ignition_url parameter value is the location of the worker Ignition config file.
  2
  If you use multiple NICs, specify a single interface in the ip option. For example, to use DHCP on a NIC that is named eno1, set ip=eno1:dhcp.
  3
  Specify the location of the initramfs file that you uploaded to your HTTP server.
Use the PXE or iPXE infrastructure to create the required compute machines for your cluster.

7.4.3. Approving the CSRs for your machines

Prerequisites

You added machines to your cluster.

Procedure

Confirm that the cluster recognizes the machines:

$ oc get nodes

NAME      STATUS    ROLES   AGE  VERSION
master-0  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-1  Ready     master  63m  v1.16.2
master-2  Ready     master  64m  v1.16.2
worker-0  NotReady  worker  76s  v1.16.2
worker-1  NotReady  worker  70s  v1.16.2

The output lists all of the machines that you created.

Review the pending CSRs and ensure that you see a client and server request with the Pending or Approved status for each machine that you added to the cluster:

$ oc get csr

NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-8b2br   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending 1
csr-8vnps   15m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-bfd72   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-50-126.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending 2
csr-c57lv   5m26s   system:node:ip-10-0-95-157.us-east-2.compute.internal                       Pending
...

1: A client request CSR.
2: A server request CSR.

In this example, two machines are joining the cluster. You might see more approved CSRs in the list.

If the CSRs were not approved, after all of the pending CSRs for the machines you added are in Pending status, approve the CSRs for your cluster machines:
Note
Because the CSRs rotate automatically, approve your CSRs within an hour of adding the machines to the cluster. If you do not approve them within an hour, the certificates will rotate, and more than two certificates will be present for each node. You must approve all of these certificates. After you approve the initial CSRs, the subsequent node client CSRs are automatically approved by the cluster kube-controller-manager. You must implement a method of automatically approving the kubelet serving certificate requests.
- To approve them individually, run the following command for each valid CSR:
```
$ oc adm certificate approve <csr_name> 1
```
  1
  <csr_name> is the name of a CSR from the list of current CSRs.
- To approve all pending CSRs, run the following command:
```
$ oc get csr -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{if not .status}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}{{end}}' | xargs oc adm certificate approve
```

Additional information

For more information on CSRs, see Certificate Signing Requests.

Chapter 8. Deploying machine health checks

You can configure and deploy a machine health check to automatically repair damaged machines in a machine pool.

Important

8.1. About MachineHealthChecks

MachineHealthChecks automatically repairs unhealthy Machines in a particular MachinePool.

To monitor machine health, you create a resource to define the configuration for a controller. You set a condition to check for, such as staying in the NotReady status for 15 minutes or displaying a permanent condition in the node-problem-detector, and a label for the set of machines to monitor.

Note

You cannot apply a MachineHealthCheck to a machine with the master role.

The controller that observes a MachineHealthCheck resource checks for the status that you defined. If a machine fails the health check, it is automatically deleted and a new one is created to take its place. When a machine is deleted, you see a machine deleted event. To limit disruptive impact of the machine deletion, the controller drains and deletes only one node at a time. If there are more unhealthy machines than the maxUnhealthy threshold allows for in the targeted pool of machines, remediation stops so that manual intervention can take place.

To stop the check, you remove the resource.

8.2. Sample MachineHealthCheck resource

The MachineHealthCheck resource resembles the following YAML file:

MachineHealthCheck

apiVersion: machine.openshift.io/v1beta1
kind: MachineHealthCheck
metadata:
  name: example 1
  namespace: openshift-machine-api
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-role: <role> 2
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machine-type: <role> 3
      machine.openshift.io/cluster-api-machineset: <cluster_name>-<label>-<zone> 4
  unhealthyConditions:
  - type:    "Ready"
    timeout: "300s" 5
    status: "False"
  - type:    "Ready"
    timeout: "300s" 6
    status: "Unknown"
  maxUnhealthy: "40%" 7

1: Specify the name of the MachineHealthCheck to deploy.
2 3: Specify a label for the machine pool that you want to check.
4: Specify the MachineSet to track in <cluster_name>-<label>-<zone> format. For example, prod-node-us-east-1a.
5 6: Specify the timeout duration for a node condition. If a condition is met for the duration of the timeout, the Machine will be remediated. Long timeouts can result in long periods of downtime for the workload on the unhealthy Machine.
7: Specify the amount of unhealthy machines allowed in the targeted pool of machines. This can be set as a percentage or an integer.

Note

The matchLabels are examples only; you must map your machine groups based on your specific needs.

8.3. Creating a MachineHealthCheck resource

You can create a MachineHealthCheck resource for all MachinePools in your cluster except the master pool.

Prerequisites

Install the oc command line interface.

Procedure

Create a healthcheck.yml file that contains the definition of your MachineHealthCheck.
Apply the healthcheck.yml file to your cluster:
```
$ oc apply -f healthcheck.yml
```

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Machine management

Adding and maintaining cluster machines

Chapter 1. Creating MachineSets

1.1. Creating a MachineSet in AWS

1.1.1. Machine API overview

1.1.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on AWS

1.1.3. Creating a MachineSet

1.2. Creating a MachineSet in Azure

1.2.1. Machine API overview

1.2.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on Azure

1.2.3. Creating a MachineSet

1.3. Creating a MachineSet in GCP

1.3.1. Machine API overview

1.3.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on GCP

1.3.3. Creating a MachineSet

1.4. Creating a MachineSet on OpenStack

1.4.1. Machine API overview

1.4.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on RHOSP

1.4.3. Creating a MachineSet

Chapter 2. Manually scaling a MachineSet

2.1. Prerequisites

2.2. Scaling a MachineSet manually

2.3. The MachineSet delete policy

Chapter 3. Modifying a MachineSet

3.1. Modifying a MachineSet

Chapter 4. Deleting a machine

4.1. Deleting a specific machine

Chapter 5. Applying autoscaling to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

5.1. About the ClusterAutoscaler

5.2. About the MachineAutoscaler

5.3. Configuring the ClusterAutoscaler

5.3.1. ClusterAutoscaler resource definition

5.3.2. Deploying the ClusterAutoscaler

5.4. Next steps

5.5. Configuring the MachineAutoscalers

5.5.1. MachineAutoscaler resource definition

5.5.2. Deploying the MachineAutoscaler

5.6. Additional resources

Chapter 6. Creating infrastructure MachineSets

6.1. OpenShift Container Platform infrastructure components

6.2. Creating infrastructure MachineSets for production environments

6.2.1. Creating MachineSets for different clouds

6.2.1.1. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on AWS

6.2.1.2. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on Azure

6.2.1.3. Sample YAML for a MachineSet Custom Resource on GCP

6.2.2. Creating a MachineSet

6.3. Moving resources to infrastructure MachineSets

6.3.1. Moving the router

6.3.2. Moving the default registry

6.3.3. Moving the monitoring solution

6.3.4. Moving the cluster logging resources

Chapter 7. User-provisioned infrastructure

7.1. Adding RHEL compute machines to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

7.1.1. About adding RHEL compute nodes to a cluster

7.1.2. System requirements for RHEL compute nodes

7.1.2.1. Certificate signing requests management

7.1.3. Preparing the machine to run the playbook

7.1.4. Preparing a RHEL compute node

7.1.5. Adding a RHEL compute machine to your cluster

7.1.6. Approving the CSRs for your machines

7.1.7. Required parameters for the Ansible hosts file

7.1.7.1. Removing RHCOS compute machines from a cluster

7.2. Adding more RHEL compute machines to an OpenShift Container Platform cluster

7.2.1. About adding RHEL compute nodes to a cluster

7.2.2. System requirements for RHEL compute nodes

7.2.2.1. Certificate signing requests management

7.2.3. Preparing a RHEL compute node

7.2.4. Adding more RHEL compute machines to your cluster

7.2.5. Approving the CSRs for your machines

7.2.6. Required parameters for the Ansible hosts file

7.3. Adding compute machines to vSphere

7.3.1. Prerequisites

7.3.2. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines in vSphere

7.3.3. Approving the CSRs for your machines

7.4. Adding compute machines to bare metal

7.4.1. Prerequisites

7.4.2. Creating Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines

7.4.2.1. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines using an ISO image

7.4.2.2. Creating more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines by PXE or iPXE booting