Chapter 1. Installing on Azure

Procedure

1. Identify your domain, or subdomain, and registrar. You can transfer an existing domain and registrar or obtain a new one through Azure or another source.

   Note

   For more information about purchasing domains through Azure, see Buy a custom domain name for Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

2. If you are using an existing domain and registrar, migrate its DNS to Azure. See Migrate an active DNS name to Azure App Service in the Azure documentation.

3. Configure DNS for your domain. Follow the steps in the Tutorial: Host your domain in Azure DNS in the Azure documentation to create a public hosted zone for your domain or subdomain, extract the new authoritative name servers, and update the registrar records for the name servers that your domain uses.

   Use an appropriate root domain, such as openshiftcorp.com, or subdomain, such as clusters.openshiftcorp.com.

4. If you use a subdomain, follow your company’s procedures to add its delegation records to the parent domain.

Procedure

1. From the Azure portal, click Help + support in the lower left corner.

2. Click New support request and then select the required values:

   1. From the Issue type list, select Service and subscription limits (quotas).
   2. From the Subscription list, select the subscription to modify.
   3. From the Quota type list, select the quota to increase. For example, select Compute-VM (cores-vCPUs) subscription limit increases to increase the number of vCPUs, which is required to install a cluster.
   4. Click Next: Solutions.

3. On the PROBLEM DETAILS page, provide the required information for your quota increase:

   1. Click Provide details and provide the required details in the "Quota details" window.
   2. In the SUPPORT METHOD and CONTACT INFO sections, provide the issue severity and your contact details.
4. Click Next: Review + create and then click Create.

Procedure

1. Log in to the Azure CLI:

   $ az login

   Log in to Azure in the web console by using your credentials.

2. If your Azure account uses subscriptions, ensure that you are using the right subscription.

   1. View the list of available accounts and record the tenantId value for the subscription you want to use for your cluster:

      $ az account list --refresh
      [
        {
          "cloudName": "AzureCloud",
          "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
          "isDefault": true,
          "name": "Subscription Name",
          "state": "Enabled",
          "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee",
          "user": {
            "name": "you@example.com",
            "type": "user"
          }
        }
      ]

   2. View your active account details and confirm that the tenantId matches the subscription you want to use:

      $ az account show
      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "9bab1460-96d5-40b3-a78e-17b15e978a80",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "6057c7e9-b3ae-489d-a54e-de3f6bf6a8ee", 1
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

      1

      Ensure that the value of the tenantId parameter is the UUID of the correct subscription.

   3. If you are not using the right subscription, change the active subscription:

      $ az account set -s <id> 1

      1

      Substitute the value of the id for the subscription that you want to use for <id>.

   4. If you changed the active subscription, display your account information again:

      $ az account show
      
      {
        "environmentName": "AzureCloud",
        "id": "33212d16-bdf6-45cb-b038-f6565b61edda",
        "isDefault": true,
        "name": "Subscription Name",
        "state": "Enabled",
        "tenantId": "8049c7e9-c3de-762d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee",
        "user": {
          "name": "you@example.com",
          "type": "user"
        }
      }

3. Record the values of the tenantId and id parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

4. Create the service principal for your account:

   $ az ad sp create-for-rbac --role Contributor --name <service_principal> 1
   Changing "<service_principal>" to a valid URI of "http://<service_principal>", which is the required format used for service principal names
   Retrying role assignment creation: 1/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 2/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 3/36
   Retrying role assignment creation: 4/36
   {
     "appId": "8bd0d04d-0ac2-43a8-928d-705c598c6956",
     "displayName": "<service_principal>",
     "name": "http://<service_principal>",
     "password": "ac461d78-bf4b-4387-ad16-7e32e328aec6",
     "tenant": "6048c7e9-b2ad-488d-a54e-dc3f6be6a7ee"
   }

   1

   Replace <service_principal> with the name to assign to the service principal.

5. Record the values of the appId and password parameters from the previous output. You need these values during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

6. Grant additional permissions to the service principal. The service principal requires the legacy Azure Active Directory Graph → Application.ReadWrite.OwnedBy permission and the User Access Administrator role for the cluster to assign credentials for its components.

   1. To assign the User Access Administrator role, run the following command:

      $ az role assignment create --role "User Access Administrator" \
          --assignee-object-id $(az ad sp list --filter "appId eq '<appId>'" \ 1
             | jq '.[0].objectId' -r)

      1

      Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

   2. To assign the Azure Active Directory Graph permission, run the following command:

      $ az ad app permission add --id <appId> \ 1
           --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000 \
           --api-permissions 824c81eb-e3f8-4ee6-8f6d-de7f50d565b7=Role
      
           Invoking "az ad app permission grant --id 46d33abc-b8a3-46d8-8c84-f0fd58177435 --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000" is needed to make the change effective

      1

      Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

      For more information about the specific permissions that you grant with this command, see the GUID Table for Windows Azure Active Directory Permissions.

   3. Approve the permissions request. If your account does not have the Azure Active Directory tenant administrator role, follow the guidelines for your organization to request that the tenant administrator approve your permissions request.

      $ az ad app permission grant --id <appId> \ 1
           --api 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000

      1

      Replace <appId> with the appId parameter value for your service principal.

Procedure

1. If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N '' \
       -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa, of the SSH key.

   Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.

2. Start the ssh-agent process as a background task:

   $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
   
   Agent pid 31874

3. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
   
   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Procedure

1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.

2. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

   Important

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep both the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster.

3. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar xvf <installation_program>.tar.gz

4. From the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, download your installation pull secret as a .txt file. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Procedure

1. Run the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir=<installation_directory> \ 1
       --log-level=info 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

   2

   To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

   Important

   Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

   Provide values at the prompts:

   1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

      Note

      For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

   2. Select azure as the platform to target.

   3. If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:

      • azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the id value in your account output.
      • azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the tenantId value in your account output.
      • azure service principal client id: The value of the appId parameter for the service principal.
      • azure service principal client secret: The value of the password parameter for the service principal.
   4. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
   5. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

   6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

      Important

      All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

   7. Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
   Note

   If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

   When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

   Important

   The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours. You must keep the cluster running for 24 hours in a non-degraded state to ensure that the first certificate rotation has finished.

   Important

   You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Procedure

1. From the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, navigate to the page for your installation type and click Download Command-line Tools.

2. Click the folder for your operating system and architecture and click the compressed file.

   Note

   You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

3. Save the file to your file system.
4. Extract the compressed file.
5. Place it in a directory that is on your PATH.

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami
   system:admin

Procedure

1. If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N '' \
       -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa, of the SSH key.

   Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.

2. Start the ssh-agent process as a background task:

   $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
   
   Agent pid 31874

3. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
   
   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Procedure

1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.

2. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

   Important

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep both the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster.

3. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar xvf <installation_program>.tar.gz

4. From the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, download your installation pull secret as a .txt file. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Procedure

1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir=<installation_directory> 1

      1

      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         Note

         For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select azure as the platform to target.

      3. If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:

         • azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the id value in your account output.
         • azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the tenantId value in your account output.
         • azure service principal client id: The value of the appId parameter for the service principal.
         • azure service principal client secret: The value of the password parameter for the service principal.
      4. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

         Important

         All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

      7. Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   Important

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Procedure

1. Run the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir=<installation_directory> \ 1
       --log-level=info 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.

   2

   To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

   Note

   If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

   When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

   Important

   The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours. You must keep the cluster running for 24 hours in a non-degraded state to ensure that the first certificate rotation has finished.

   Important

   You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Procedure

1. From the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, navigate to the page for your installation type and click Download Command-line Tools.

2. Click the folder for your operating system and architecture and click the compressed file.

   Note

   You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

3. Save the file to your file system.
4. Extract the compressed file.
5. Place it in a directory that is on your PATH.

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami
   system:admin

Procedure

1. If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N '' \
       -f <path>/<file_name> 1

   1

   Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa, of the SSH key.

   Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.

2. Start the ssh-agent process as a background task:

   $ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
   
   Agent pid 31874

3. Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:

   $ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> 1
   
   Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)

   1

   Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Procedure

1. Access the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site. If you have a Red Hat account, log in with your credentials. If you do not, create an account.

2. Navigate to the page for your installation type, download the installation program for your operating system, and place the file in the directory where you will store the installation configuration files.

   Important

   The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep both the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster.

3. Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:

   $ tar xvf <installation_program>.tar.gz

4. From the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, download your installation pull secret as a .txt file. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OpenShift Container Platform components.

Procedure

1. Create the install-config.yaml file.

   1. Run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir=<installation_directory> 1

      1

      For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

      Important

      Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

   2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

         Note

         For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select azure as the platform to target.

      3. If you do not have a Microsoft Azure profile stored on your computer, specify the following Azure parameter values for your subscription and service principal:

         • azure subscription id: The subscription ID to use for the cluster. Specify the id value in your account output.
         • azure tenant id: The tenant ID. Specify the tenantId value in your account output.
         • azure service principal client id: The value of the appId parameter for the service principal.
         • azure service principal client secret: The value of the password parameter for the service principal.
      4. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
      5. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

      6. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

         Important

         All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

      7. Paste the pull secret that you obtained from the Pull Secret page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site.
2. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.

3. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

   Important

   The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

Procedure

1. Use the following command to create manifests:

   $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir=<installation_directory> 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

2. Modify the <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml Kubernetes manifest file to prevent Pods from being scheduled on the control plane machines:

   1. Open the manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml file.
   2. Locate the mastersSchedulable parameter and set its value to False.
   3. Save and exit the file.
   Note

   Currently, due to a Kubernetes limitation, router Pods running on control plane machines will not be reachable by the ingress load balancer.

3. Create a file that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:

   $ touch <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.

   After creating the file, several network configuration files are in the manifests/ directory, as shown:

   $ ls <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-*
   cluster-network-01-crd.yml
   cluster-network-02-config.yml
   cluster-network-03-config.yml

4. Open the cluster-network-03-config.yml file in an editor and enter a CR that describes the Operator configuration you want:

   apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
   kind: Network
   metadata:
     name: cluster
   spec: 1
     clusterNetwork:
     - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
       hostPrefix: 23
     serviceNetwork:
     - 172.30.0.0/16
     defaultNetwork:
       type: OpenShiftSDN
       openshiftSDNConfig:
         mode: NetworkPolicy
         mtu: 1450
         vxlanPort: 4789

   1

   The parameters for the spec parameter are only an example. Specify your configuration for the Cluster Network Operator in the CR.

   The CNO provides default values for the parameters in the CR, so you must specify only the parameters that you want to change.

5. Save the cluster-network-03-config.yml file and quit the text editor.
6. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program deletes the manifests/ directory when creating the cluster.

Procedure

1. Run the installation program:

   $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir=<installation_directory> \ 1
       --log-level=info 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.

   2

   To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

   Note

   If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed.

   When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user, display in your terminal.

   Important

   The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours. You must keep the cluster running for 24 hours in a non-degraded state to ensure that the first certificate rotation has finished.

   Important

   You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Procedure

1. From the Infrastructure Provider page on the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager site, navigate to the page for your installation type and click Download Command-line Tools.

2. Click the folder for your operating system and architecture and click the compressed file.

   Note

   You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

3. Save the file to your file system.
4. Extract the compressed file.
5. Place it in a directory that is on your PATH.

Procedure

1. Export the kubeadmin credentials:

   $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig 1

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration:

   $ oc whoami
   system:admin

Procedure

1. From the computer that you used to install the cluster, run the following command:

   $ ./openshift-install destroy cluster \
   --dir=<installation_directory> --log-level=info 1 2

   1

   For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in.

   2

   To view different details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.

   Note

   You must specify the directory that contains the cluster definition files for your cluster. The installation program requires the metadata.json file in this directory to delete the cluster.

2. Optional: Delete the <installation_directory> directory and the OpenShift Container Platform installation program.